Hellen ve Roma Dünyasında Patronus-Cliens İlişkisi

Abstract

Patronus-cliens ilişkisinin kökeni Roma’nın kurucusu olarak bilinen Romulus’a kadar dayandırılmaktadır. Roma dünyasında kimi zaman bireyler kimi zaman topluluklar güçlü nüfuza sahip kişiler tarafından korunma ihtiyacı hissetmişlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra kentler, Roma senatusuna erişim sağlayabilmek için en hızlı ve etkin bir yöntem olarak bu sisteme dâhil olmuşlardır. Kentler, senatusta kendi istek ve şikâyetlerini etkili bir şekilde dile getirsinler diye bir hamiye ihtiyaç duymuşlardır. Bazen kentlere Romalı yöneticiler, ağır yükümlülükler yüklemekteydiler. Bu nedenle bu ağır yükümlülüklere maruz kalmamak için yöneticilerin yanaşması olmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Kent konseyinin talebi doğrultusunda hami olarak senatusta etkili olabilecek bir isim seçilmekteydi. Seçilen elçilerin aracılığıyla bu talep hamiye iletilirdi. Talep karşılık görürse hami-yanaşma ilişkisi başlardı. Hami-yanaşma ilişkisinde karşılıklı yükümlülükler yer almaktaydı. Bu ilişki gayri resmi bir ilişki olduğu için hukuki bir yaptırım söz konusu değildi. Senatörler için hami-yanaşma ilişkisi itibar meselesiydi. Karşılıklı menfaat ilişkisine dayanan himaye sistemi Roma’nın geniş topraklarında yaygın olarak görülmekteydi. Antik kaynaklar, onurlandırma yazıtları ve tabulae patronatuslar bu sistem hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler vermektedir. Batı Anadolu’da yer alan çok sayıda kent kendisine çeşitli nedenlerle hami ya da hamiler seçmiştir. Kimi zaman halka karşı iyi niyet beklentilerinin karşılanması için kimi zaman da yöneticinin verebileceği zararlardan korunmak için önemli isimleri kendilerine hami olarak seçmişlerdir. Biz de bu çalışmamızda Hellen ve Roma dünyasında bulunan olgulardan biri olan patronus-cliens kavramları hakkında, epigrafik, antik ve modern kaynaklara dayanarak değerlendirmede bulunmaya çalışacağız.

Keywords

• Hami
• yanaşma
• senatus
• tabulae patronatus

Patronus-Cliens Relationship in Hellen and Roman World

Abstract

The origin of the patronus-cliens relationship go back to Romulus, who is known as the founder of Rome. In the Roman world, sometimes individuals felt the need to be protected by people with strong influence. In addition, the cities were included in this system as the fastest and most effective method to access the Roman Senate. The cities needed a patronus so that they could express their wishes and complaints effectively. Sometimes Roman rulers imposed heavy obligations on the cities. For this reason, they preferred to be the cliens of the managers in order not to be exposed to these heavy obligations. This request would be forwarded through the chosen delegates. If the demand was met, the patronus-cliens relationship would start. Mutual obligations were involved in the patronus-cliens relationship. As this relationship was an informal one, there was no legal sanction. For the senators, the patronus-cliens relationship was a matter of reputation. The patronage system based on mutual interests was widespread in the vast territories of Rome. Ancient sources, honorary inscriptions and tabulae patronatus provide detailed information about this system. Numerous cities in Western Anatolia have chosen a patronus or more than one patronus for themselves for various reasons. They have chosen important names as their patronus, sometimes in order to meet their expectations of goodwill against the people, and sometimes to protect them from the damages that the ruler can cause. In this study, we will try to evaluate the concepts of patronus-cliens, one of the facts in the world of Hellenistic and Roman, based on epigraphic, ancient and modern sources.

Keywords

• Patronus
• cliens
• senatus
• tabulae patronatus

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