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AN AMBIVALENT CONRAD IN AN OUTPOST OF PROGRESS

Year 2017, Issue: 37, 291 - 300, 22.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328603

Abstract

The present paper aims to
portray the racist and anti-racist dimensions of Joseph Conrad in his short
story “An Outpost of Progress” (1897). Conrad’s alleged racist status espoused
by thinkers such as Chinua Achebe and Edward Said, particularly in Heart of Darkness, has constantly been
the subject of heated debates in literature. A myriad of analogous traces in
the short story “An Outpost of Progress” lend Conrad’s voice to a highly racist
position while many other anti-racist traces observed in the story could lower
the resonance of the same voice, hence an inconclusive ambivalence or a liminal
position in Conrad’s tone. This paper is thus divided into two sections. The
first section has the racist traces of Conrad in the short story on top of its
agenda whereas the second section ventures into the anti-racist footprints of
Conrad’s voice in the story. In so doing, this paper sets out to turn to Achebe
and Said in arguing for the racist position of Conrad; however, the anti-racist
facets of the story will be substantiated via relying on the arguments
developed by thinkers such as D. C. R. A. Goonetilleke and Benita Parry. An
ironic ambivalence swaying from a racist tone to an anti-racist tone in
Conrad’s voice in “An Outpost of Progress” is the conclusive maxim.

References

  • ACHEBE, Chinua (1988). “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Doubleday, Anchor. 1-20.
  • AL-KHAIAT, Abdullatif (2010). “Joseph Conrad: Defender or Condemner of Imperialism?” Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literature 2 (1): 43-61. http://journals.yu.edu.jo/jjmll/Issues/Vo2No1_2010PDF/3.pdf [18.06.2016].
  • CONRAD, Joseph (1988). “An Outpost of Progress.” Empire Writing: An Anthology of Colonial Literature, 1870-1918. ed. Elleke Boehmer. New York: OUP. 248-70.
  • CONRAD, Joseph (1990). Heart of Darkness. ed. Stanley Appelbaum. New York: Dover. 1st ed.
  • GOONETILLEKE, D. C. R. A. (1991). Joseph Conrad: Beyond Culture and Background. London: Macmillan.
  • HORZUM, Şafak (2016). “Decadence of Victorian Masculinity, or Dandyism in Oscar Wilde’s Lady Windermere’s Fan.” Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters 33 (1): 73-86. http://www.edebiyatdergisi.hacettepe.edu.tr/index.php/EFD/article/view/1110 [17.09.2016].
  • KALUA, Fetson (2014). “Locating the Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Current Writing: Text and Reception in South Africa 26 (1): 12-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929X.2014.897462 [27.03.2017].
  • LLOYD, Trevor (2001). Empire: A History of British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • PORTER, Bernard (1975). The Lion’s Share: A Short History of British Imperialism, 1850-1970. London: Longman.
  • SAID, Edward W. (1978). Orientalism. England: Routledge.
  • SAID, Edward W. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage.

İKİRCİKLİ BİR YAZAR PORTRESİ: AN OUTPOST OF PROGRESS ÖYKÜSÜNDE CONRAD

Year 2017, Issue: 37, 291 - 300, 22.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328603

Abstract

Bu çalışma, “An Outpost of
Progress” (1897, Gelişmenin İleri Karakolu) adlı kısa hikâyesinde Joseph
Conrad’ın ırkçı ve ırkçılık karşıtı yönlerini tanımlamayı hedeflemektedir.
Conrad’ın Chinua Achebe ve Edward Said gibi düşünürler tarafından ileri sürülen,
özellikle Karanlığın Yüreği
romanındaki, sözde ırkçı tutumu edebiyat çevrelerinde hararetli tartışmaların
daimi konusu olmuştur. “An Outpost of Progress” adlı öyküsündeki çok sayıda
benzer örnek, Conrad’ın oldukça ırkçı tutumuna ses vermekteyken öyküde gözlemlenebilecek
pek çok başka ırkçılık karşıtı örnek de bu sesin tınısını azaltıp Conrad’ın
yazar tonunda kesinlikten uzak bir ikirciklilik yahut arada kalmışlık bırakır.
Bu sebeple, bu yazı iki kısma ayrılmıştır. İlk kısım, öykünün konusu itibariyle
Conrad’ın ırkçı izlerini tararken, ikinci kısım Conrad’ın hikâye içindeki
sesinin ırkçılık karşıtı izlerini inceler. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, önce
Conrad’ın ırkçı tutumu olduğunu savunan Achebe ve Said’e bakıp, sonra D. C. R.
A. Goonetilleke ve Benita Parrt gibi düşünürlerce geliştirilen savlara
dayanarak desteklenen ırkçılık karşıtı yönlere dönecektir. Irkçı bir tondan
ırkçılık karşıtı bir tona savrulan “An Outpost of Progress”teki Conrad’ın
sesinin ironik ikirciklilik içinde bulunma hali, çalışmanın nihai prensibidir.

References

  • ACHEBE, Chinua (1988). “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Doubleday, Anchor. 1-20.
  • AL-KHAIAT, Abdullatif (2010). “Joseph Conrad: Defender or Condemner of Imperialism?” Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literature 2 (1): 43-61. http://journals.yu.edu.jo/jjmll/Issues/Vo2No1_2010PDF/3.pdf [18.06.2016].
  • CONRAD, Joseph (1988). “An Outpost of Progress.” Empire Writing: An Anthology of Colonial Literature, 1870-1918. ed. Elleke Boehmer. New York: OUP. 248-70.
  • CONRAD, Joseph (1990). Heart of Darkness. ed. Stanley Appelbaum. New York: Dover. 1st ed.
  • GOONETILLEKE, D. C. R. A. (1991). Joseph Conrad: Beyond Culture and Background. London: Macmillan.
  • HORZUM, Şafak (2016). “Decadence of Victorian Masculinity, or Dandyism in Oscar Wilde’s Lady Windermere’s Fan.” Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters 33 (1): 73-86. http://www.edebiyatdergisi.hacettepe.edu.tr/index.php/EFD/article/view/1110 [17.09.2016].
  • KALUA, Fetson (2014). “Locating the Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Current Writing: Text and Reception in South Africa 26 (1): 12-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929X.2014.897462 [27.03.2017].
  • LLOYD, Trevor (2001). Empire: A History of British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • PORTER, Bernard (1975). The Lion’s Share: A Short History of British Imperialism, 1850-1970. London: Longman.
  • SAID, Edward W. (1978). Orientalism. England: Routledge.
  • SAID, Edward W. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Majid Sadeghzadegan This is me

Publication Date June 22, 2017
Submission Date March 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Sadeghzadegan, M. (2017). AN AMBIVALENT CONRAD IN AN OUTPOST OF PROGRESS. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(37), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.328603

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