A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7

Özcan Şahın; Saim Boztepe; İbrahim Aytekın

A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7

Abstract

Milk proteins are generally composed of proteins such as casein, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, blood serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. One of them, casein from milk proteins consists of fractions such as alpha, beta, kappa and gamma. Beta casein gene in cattle consists of 209 amino acids and contains proline amino acid (CCT) at 67th position of the amino acid sequence. The milk obtained from animals with this genotype is defined as the original A2 milk. Proline/Histidine amino acid substitution (C/A) at 67th position of the amino acid sequence results in the beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) which is a naturally occurring opioid peptide from cow’s milk. By this substitution (CAT), the milk obtained from animals with genotypes (A1A1 or A1A2) is defined as the A1 milk. BCM-7 is a polypeptide consisting of 7 amino acids and is produced from A1 milk during digestion of beta-casein protein. As a result, BCM-7 has harmful effects on human health. The aim of this study is to raise awareness in the field of animal science as well as to contribute to the taking of professional measures by using the literature on A1 / A2 milk and beta-casomorphin-7.

Keywords

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Zootechny (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Özcan Şahın This is me
Türkiye

Saim Boztepe This is me
Türkiye

İbrahim Aytekın This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 28, 2018

Submission Date

November 30, 2018

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2018 Volume: 32 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Şahın, Ö., Boztepe, S., & Aytekın, İ. (2018). A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32(3), 632-639. https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG

AMA

1.Şahın Ö, Boztepe S, Aytekın İ. A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2018;32(3):632-639. https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG

Chicago

Şahın, Özcan, Saim Boztepe, and İbrahim Aytekın. 2018. “A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32 (3): 632-39. https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG.

EndNote

Şahın Ö, Boztepe S, Aytekın İ (December 1, 2018) A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32 3 632–639.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Şahın, S. Boztepe, and İ. Aytekın, “A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7”, Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 632–639, Dec. 2018, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG

ISNAD

Şahın, Özcan - Boztepe, Saim - Aytekın, İbrahim. “A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32/3 (December 1, 2018): 632-639. https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG.

JAMA

1.Şahın Ö, Boztepe S, Aytekın İ. A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2018;32:632–639.

MLA

Şahın, Özcan, et al. “A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-Casomorphin-7”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, vol. 32, no. 3, Dec. 2018, pp. 632-9, https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG.

Vancouver

1.Özcan Şahın, Saim Boztepe, İbrahim Aytekın. A1 and A2 Bovine Milk, the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7 and Its Possible Effects on Human Health: (I) A1 and A2 Milk and the Risk of Beta-casomorphin-7. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci [Internet]. 2018 Dec. 1;32(3):632-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA25RU82SG