Research Article

Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability

Volume: 39 Number: 3 December 27, 2025
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Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the physico-mechanical properties of the Miracle cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to evaluate its suitability for mechanized harvesting under varying moisture conditions and blade configurations. Dried cowpea plants were tested at two distinct moisture levels using three blade types (smooth, fine-toothed and coarse-toothed) to determine parameters such as the cutting force, energy and deformation required to cut the stems. In addition to evaluating the performance of the stem cut, the force required for pod detachment was measured in order to assess the effort required for separation from the plant. Pod rupture resistance was analyzed under horizontal and vertical compression to simulate different loading directions. The damage resistance of cowpea seeds was assessed under transverse and longitudinal compression to provide critical insights into their mechanical vulnerability during harvesting operations. Furthermore, key morphological and yield-related parameters were recorded, including the pod-to-stem ratio, pod and seed weights, total plant height, and the height of the first pod from the ground. Colorimetric measurements (L*, a*, b*) of dried pods were also taken under different moisture conditions to evaluate changes in visual quality. The results showed that the type of blade and the level of moisture significantly affected the plant's mechanical response. Under low moisture conditions (8.34% w.b., wet basis) the cutting force was as high as 77.74 N with fine-toothed blades. Under high moisture conditions (19.60% w.b.), however, the cutting force was as low as 37.49 N with smooth blades. Pod detachment force decreased from 19.20 N for dry samples to 4.02 N under high-moisture conditions. Seed rupture force was highest under vertical compression (72.34 N) than under horizontal loading (58.22 N). These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing harvesting techniques and guiding the development of equipment tailored to legume crops such as cowpeas

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Machines

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 27, 2025

Submission Date

May 28, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 28, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 39 Number: 3

APA
Gökduman, M. E., & Yılmaz, D. (2025). Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 39(3), 609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
AMA
1.Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2025;39(3):609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
Chicago
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin, and Deniz Yılmaz. 2025. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39 (3): 609-18. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
EndNote
Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D (December 1, 2025) Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39 3 609–618.
IEEE
[1]M. E. Gökduman and D. Yılmaz, “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”, Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 609–618, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
ISNAD
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin - Yılmaz, Deniz. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39/3 (December 1, 2025): 609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
JAMA
1.Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2025;39:609–618.
MLA
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin, and Deniz Yılmaz. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, vol. 39, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 609-18, https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Emin Gökduman, Deniz Yılmaz. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;39(3):609-18. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW

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