Araştırma Makalesi

Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability

Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3 27 Aralık 2025
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Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability

Öz

This study aimed to characterize the physico-mechanical properties of the Miracle cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to evaluate its suitability for mechanized harvesting under varying moisture conditions and blade configurations. Dried cowpea plants were tested at two distinct moisture levels using three blade types (smooth, fine-toothed and coarse-toothed) to determine parameters such as the cutting force, energy and deformation required to cut the stems. In addition to evaluating the performance of the stem cut, the force required for pod detachment was measured in order to assess the effort required for separation from the plant. Pod rupture resistance was analyzed under horizontal and vertical compression to simulate different loading directions. The damage resistance of cowpea seeds was assessed under transverse and longitudinal compression to provide critical insights into their mechanical vulnerability during harvesting operations. Furthermore, key morphological and yield-related parameters were recorded, including the pod-to-stem ratio, pod and seed weights, total plant height, and the height of the first pod from the ground. Colorimetric measurements (L*, a*, b*) of dried pods were also taken under different moisture conditions to evaluate changes in visual quality. The results showed that the type of blade and the level of moisture significantly affected the plant's mechanical response. Under low moisture conditions (8.34% w.b., wet basis) the cutting force was as high as 77.74 N with fine-toothed blades. Under high moisture conditions (19.60% w.b.), however, the cutting force was as low as 37.49 N with smooth blades. Pod detachment force decreased from 19.20 N for dry samples to 4.02 N under high-moisture conditions. Seed rupture force was highest under vertical compression (72.34 N) than under horizontal loading (58.22 N). These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing harvesting techniques and guiding the development of equipment tailored to legume crops such as cowpeas

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Adanu, E. O., Iya, S. A., Yakubu, I. T., & Kabri, H. U. (2022). Determination of the physico-mechanical properties of three cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grain. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment 18(3): 377–386.
  2. Botelho, F. M., Botelho, S. C. C., Menezes-Junior, J. A. N., Souza, I. P., & Araujo, M. J. I. (2021). Physical properties of cowpea grains during drying. International Journal of Development Research 11(7): 48416–48420.
  3. Boukar, O., Belko, N., Chamarthi, S., Togola, A., Batieno, J., Owusu, E., Haruna, M., Diallo, S., Umar, M. L., Olufajo, O., & Fatokun, C. (2019). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Genetics, genomics and breeding. Plant Breeding 138(4): 415–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12589
  4. Chukwu, O., & Sunmonu, M. (2010). Determination of some mechanical properties of cowpea relevant to design of harvesting and processing equipment. Journal of Agricultural Technology 6(1): 1–9.
  5. Çetin, N. (2019). The Effects of Drying Conditions on Color Characteristics in Apple and Orange. European Science and Technology Journal 17: 463-470.
  6. Çulha, G., & Bozoglu, H. (2016). Farklı kültürel uygulamalarla yetiştirilen Amazon ve Sırma börülce çeşitlerinin verim ve verim özellikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 25(Special Issue 1): 177–183.
  7. Dalha, M. G., Shuaibu, R. B., & Yusuf, A. H. (2018). Post-harvest handling and storage of cowpea: A review. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9(3):305–313.
  8. Da Silva, K. J. D., Da Silva, J. B., & Santos, S. A. (2018). Genetic variability in cowpea genotypes under semi-arid conditions. Revista Caatinga 31(2): 311–318.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tarım Makineleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

28 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gökduman, M. E., & Yılmaz, D. (2025). Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 39(3), 609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
AMA
1.Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2025;39(3):609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
Chicago
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin, ve Deniz Yılmaz. 2025. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39 (3): 609-18. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
EndNote
Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D (01 Aralık 2025) Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39 3 609–618.
IEEE
[1]M. E. Gökduman ve D. Yılmaz, “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”, Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, c. 39, sy 3, ss. 609–618, Ara. 2025, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW
ISNAD
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin - Yılmaz, Deniz. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 39/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 609-618. https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
JAMA
1.Gökduman ME, Yılmaz D. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2025;39:609–618.
MLA
Gökduman, Mehmet Emin, ve Deniz Yılmaz. “Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, c. 39, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 609-18, https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Emin Gökduman, Deniz Yılmaz. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Miracle Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.): Effects of Blade Type and Moisture Level on Harvestability. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;39(3):609-18. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA62DY23XW

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