An Assessment of the Hittite and Mycenaean Commercial Relations Issue through Supply and Demand Balances

Year 2019, Issue: 9, 147 - 180, 01.01.2019

Barış Gür

Abstract

Th e fact that the Mycenaean pottery is almost completely absent in the Central Anatolia and Cilicia region in the Late Bronze Age is the diff erent parts of a whole that cannot be explained by a single factor. Th ese components must be including diff erent determinants such as regional power balances, the role of the cultural characteristics of diff erent regions in the supply and demand balance, the limited production and the target market. It is seen that some of the dilemmas are found especially when the Hittites are to be explained in the axis of the idea of an embargo which was prevented by the Mycenaean merchants from entering the hinterland. As the Hittite and Mycenaean kingdoms are seen to have carried out a limited number of royal gift exchange, it is also possible to assert that there were also some people who had similar roles in bringing luxurious objects into the lands of the Hittite and Mycenae. In every region where the Hittite authority was strongly felt, it can be seen that Mycenaean commercial goods were not “invisible” and that direct or indirect commercial activities continued. A distinction that we should not overlook, perhaps, is that the Mycenaean did not adopt the market that reached Central Anatolia through Cilicia and that the markets already existing for the perfumed olive oil they produced on the coasts of Greece, the Aegean Islands and Western Anatolia may be considered to be suff icient for them. In this context, the products of Mycenae, Th ebes and Pylos, which reached to the markets in the East Mediterranean, directed according to the requests of the palaces, such as ivory, as well as various exotic objects and their requirements

Keywords

Mycenaeans, Hittites, Trade, Pottery, Trade Embargo

Hitit ve Miken Ticari İlişkileri Sorunsalının Arz ve Talep Dengeleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Miken seramiğinin Geç Tunç Çağı’nda Orta Anadolu’da ve Kilikia bölgesinde yok denecek kadar az sayıda ele geçmesi tek bir etken ile açıklanamayacak bir bütünün farklı sarmallarıdır. Bu sarmalın içerisinde bölgesel güç dengeleri, farklı bölgelerin kültürel özelliklerinin arz ve talep dengesindeki şekillendirici rolü, sınırlı üretim ve hedef pazar gibi farklı etkenler yer alıyor olmalıdır. Hitit ve Miken krallıklarının sınırlı bir sayıda krali hediyeleşme içerisinde bulunduğu görülürken, bununla birlikte Hitit ve Miken topraklarına taşınan lüks objelerin getirilmesinde benzer rollere sahip kişilerin bulunduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle Hititlerin Miken tüccarların hinterlandına girişini engellediği “muhtemel bir ambargo” fikri üzerinde konu açıklanmaya çalışıldığında ise bazı açmazların bulunduğu görülmektedir. Hitit otoritesinin güçlü olarak hissedildiğiher bölgede Miken ticari mallarının “görünmez” olmadığı doğrudan ya da dolaylı ticari aktivitelerin sürdürülmekte olduğu görülebilmektedir. Gözden kaçırmamamız gereken bir ayrım ise belki de Mikenlerin Kilikia üzerinden Orta Anadolu’ya ulaşan pazarı benimsememiş olmaları ve Yunanistan, Ege Adaları ve Batı Anadolu kıyılarında üretmiş oldukları kokulu zeytinyağı için mevcut pazarların kendilerine yetecek bir kapsamda olmasından da kaynaklandığı düşünülebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Mikenlerin Doğu Akdeniz’deki pazarlara ulaşan ürünleri Mikenai, Teb, Pylos gibi sarayların isteklerine bağlı olarak fildişi gibi çeşitli egzotik objelerin elde edilme gerekliliklerine göre yönlendirilmiş olmalıdır

Keywords

Mikenler, Hititler, Ticaret, Seramik, Ticari Ambargo.

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