Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Dışa Açıklık, Demokrasi ve Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi

Öz

Gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği gelişmişlik düzeyine bakılmaksızın bütün ülkeleri ilgilendiren temel bir sorundur. Bu nedenle gelir dağılımı ve adaleti uzun zamandan beri tüm dünyada araştırmacıların, politika uygulayıcılarının ve bireylerin ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada gelir dağılımı adaletsizliğinin temel belirleyicileri 63 gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke örneği için analiz edilmiştir. Panel veri analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, ülkelerin dışa açıklık düzeylerinin gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisi negatif iken, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisi gerek gelişmiş gerekse gelişmekte olan ülkelerde pozitif olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan demokrasi seviyesindeki artış gelişmiş ülkelerde gelir dağılımı adaletsizliğini azaltıcı rol oynarken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliği artırmaktadır. Benzer şekilde eğitim seviyesindeki artış gelişmiş ülkelerde gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliği azaltırken gelişmekte olan ülkelerde eğitimin gelir dağılımı üzerinde bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelir dağılımı,dışa açıklık,demokrasi,panel veri analizi

Kaynakça

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