The Effect of Bat Guano Applied from Soil on Lentil Growth and Some Biological Properties of Rhizosphere Soil

Abstract

Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers destroys the structure of the soil and causes negative effects on the environment and human health. Application of organic fertilizer is one of the safe alternatives in terms of providing the nutrients necessary for plant growth. In this study, the effect of bat fertilizer used as organic fertilizer on lentil growth and some soil microbiological properties of the rhizosphere was investigated. It has been determined that bat fertilizer applied to the soil at different doses positively affects plant height, green parts and root dry weight, root length and chlorophyll content of lentils. It was determined that the $CO_2$ content, $\beta$-glucosidase activity, yeast + mold and total bacteria levels of the rhizosphere region of the applied bat fertilizer increased significantly compared to the control.

Keywords

• Bat fertilizer
• lentils
• some biological properties of the rhizosphere

Topraktan Uygulanan Yarasa Gübresinin Mercimek Gelişimi ile Rizosfer Toprağının Bazı Biyolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

İnorganik gübrelerin sürekli kullanımı toprağın yapısını bozmakta, çevreye ve insan sağlığında olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. Organik gübre uygulaması, bitki büyümesi için gerekli besin maddelerinin sağlanması açısından da güvenli alternatiflerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, organik gübre olarak kullanılan yarasa gübresinin mercimek gelişimi ve rizosferin bazı toprak mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprağa farklı dozlarda uygulanan yarasa gübresinin mercimeğin bitki boyu, yeşil aksam ve kök kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, klorofil içeriği olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan yarasa gübresinin rizosfer bölgesinin $CO_2$ içeriği, $\beta$-glukosidaz aktivitesi, maya+küf ve toplam bakteri düzeyini kontrole göre önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Yarasa gübresi
• mercimek
• rizosferin bazı biyolojik özellikleri

References

1. Palita, K. S., Panigrahi, R. & Panda, D. (2021). Potentiality of bat guano as organic manure for ımprovement of growth and photosynthetic response in crop plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 91, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-020-01205-y
2. Badgley, C., Moghtader, J., Quintero, E., Zakern, E., Chappell, J., Aviles-Vazquez, K., Samulon, A & Perfecto, I. (2007). Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22, 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742170507001640
3. Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N. & Foley, A. E. (2012). Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature, 485, 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11069
4. Padbhushan, R., Das, A., Rakshit, R., Sharma, R. P., Kohli, A. & Kumar, R. (2016). Long-term organic amendment application improves influence on soil aggregation, aggregate associated carbon and carbon pools under scented rice-potato-onion cropping system after the 9th crop cycle. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47, 2445–2457. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1254785
5. He, Z., Pagiliari, P. H. & Waldrip, H. M. (2016). Applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure: A Review. Pedobiologia, 26, 779–816.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60087-X
6. Fenton, M. B., Cumming, H. M., Rautenbach, I. L., Cumming, G. S., Cumming, M. S., Ford, G., Tylor, R. D., Dunlop, J., Havorka, M. D., Johnston, D. S., Portfors, C. V., Kalcounis, M. C. & Mahlanga, Z. (1998). Bats and the loss tree canopy in African woodlands. Conservation Biology, 12, 399–407.
7. Keleher, H., & Sara, A. (1996). Guano: bats’ gift to gardeners. Bats, 14, 15–17.
8. Shetty, S., Sreepada, K. S. & Bhat, R. (2013). Effect of bat guano on the growth of Vigna radiata L. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 3, 1–8.

9. Aydın Can, B., Ünal, M. & Can, O. (2019). Farklı yarasa gübresi uygulamalarının marul yetiştiriciliğin de verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.481660
10. Ulukapı, K. & Şener, S. (2018). Farklı organik gübrelerin tarla ve örtüaltı koşullarında yetiştirilen karnabaharın bitki gelişimi ve verim parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Selçuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32, 510-515. https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.130
11. Ojobor, S. A.; Omovie-Stephen, O. F. (2022). Influence of formulated palm mill effluent and bat guano mixture on maize performance and soil chemical properties in Delta State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,56, 28–32. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-620
12. Bay, S. B. (2019). Kapya Tipi Biber (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Kapya) Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanılan Organik Gübrelerin Bitki Gelişimi ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. (Tez no.555776) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi].
13. Zhou, Z., Zhang, S., Jiang, N., Xiu, W., Zhao, J. & Yang, D. (2022). Effects of organic fertilizer incorporation practices on crops yield, soil quality, and soil fauna feeding activity in the wheat-maize rotation system. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1058071
14. Fitriani, A., Rizali, A., Saputra, R. A., Sari, N. (2022). The responses of some doses fertilizer bat guano on the crop yield of Hiyung Chili pepper in the ultisols. Savana Cendana, 7, 27-28. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i02.1020
15. Jacoby, R., Peukert, M., Succurro, A., Koprivova, A. & Kopriva, S. (2017). The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition current knowledge and future directions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01617
16. Jannson, J. K. & Hofmockel, K. S. (2018). The soil microbiome—From metagenomics to metaphenomics. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 43, 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.013
17. Chen, J., Zheng, M. J., Pang, D. W., Yin, Y. P., Han, M. M. & Li, Y. X. (2017). Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 1708–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61589-7
18. Li, L. R., Feng, J. L., Liu, M. M., Mei, H., Kang, Z. Y. & Cai, Q. N. (2021). Effect of crop planting patterns on soil microorganisms and crop pests in farmland. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 37, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1232527
19. Liu, J. A., Shu, A. P., Song, W. F., Shi, W. C., Li, M. C. & Zhang, W. X. (2021). Long-term organic fertilizer substitution increases rice yield by improving soil properties and regulating soil bacteria. Geoderma, 404, 115287. https://10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115287
20. Burucu, D. (2023). Ürün raporu: Kuru baklagil. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, 68 sayfa (https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler)
21. Arnon, D. T. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1- 15. http:// doi:10.1104/pp.24.1.1
22. Anderson, J. P. E. (1982). Soil Respiration. In: methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties (Ed. A. L. Page). ASA-SSSA, Madison, Winsconsin. pp. 831-871.
23. Küçük, Ç., & Cevheri, C. (2018). Some microbiological properties in soil samples taken from maize grown fields in Sanliurfa. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2, 28-40. http://doi: 10.29002/asujse.316782.
24. Pepper, I. L. & Gerba, C. P. & Brendecke, J. W. (1995). Brendecke: Environmental Microbiology, A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, New York.
25. Krasilnikov, P., Taboada, M. A. & Amanullah, A. (2022). Fertilizer Use, Soil Health and Agricultural Sustainability. Agriculture, 12, 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040462
26. Ünal, M., Can, O., Aydın Can, A., & Poyraz, K. (2018). The effect of bat guano applied to the soil in different forms and doses on some plant nutrient contents. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49, 708-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1434540
27. Nagar, N. K., Goud, V. V. & Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of organic manures and crop residue managament on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil under pigeon pea based intercropping system. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 6, 101-103.
28. Çiçek, N. (2021). Kadife (Tagetes erecta) çiçeğinin bazı kalite ve gelişim parametrelerine yarasa gübresi ve vermikompostun etkileri. Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 24-31.
29. Misra, P. K., Gautam, N. K., & Elangovan, V. (2019). Bat guano: a rich source of macro and microelements essential for plant growth. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 21, 82-86.
30. Han, G. X., Zhou, G. S. & Xu, Z. Z. (2008). Research and prospects for soil respiration of farmland ecosys tems in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 32, 719–733. https://doi.org/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.022
31. Raich, J. W. & Tufekciogul, A. (2000). Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry, 48, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006112000616
32. Dimande, P., Arrobas, M. & Rodrigues, M. A. (2023). Under a tropical climate and in sandy soils, bat guano mineralises very quickly, behaving more like a mineral fertiliser than a conventional farmyard manure. Agronomy, 13(5), 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051367
33. Moreno-Espindola, I. P., Ferrara-Guerrero, M. J., Luna-Guido, M. L., Ramírez-Villanueva, D. A., de Leon-Lorenzana, A. S., Gomez-Acata, S., González-Terreros, E., Ramírez-Barajas, B., Navarro-Noya, Y. E. & Sanchez-Rodriguez, L. M. (2018). The bacterial community structure and microbial activity in a traditional organic milpamarming system under different soil moisture conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02737
34. Caldwell, B. A. (2005). Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review. Pedobiologia, 49, 637–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.06.003
35. Shi, J., Yuan, X., Lin, H., Yang, Y. & Li, Z. (2011). Differences in soil properties and bacterial communities between the rhizosphere and bulk soil and among different production areas of the medicinal plant Fritillaria thunbergii. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 3770–3785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12063770
36. Martens, D. A., Johanson, J. B. & Frankenberger, J. W. T. (1992). Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeatedaddition of organic residues. Soil Sciences, 153, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199201000-00008
37. Majumdar, B., Saha, A. R., Ghoai, A. K., Sarkar, S. K., Chowdhury, H., Kundu, D. K. & Mahapatra, B. S. (2014). Effect of fertilizer treatments on jüte (Chorchorus olitorius), microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and residual fertility status of soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84, 503-508. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i4.39467
38. Latha, H. S. & Sharanappa, A. (2014). Effect of organic amendments on the productivity and quality of produce and soil in groundnut (Arachis hypoqaea), onion (Allium cepa) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84, 999-1003. http://doi.org 10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43138
39. Lazcano, C., Gomez-Brandon, M., Revilla, P. & Dominguez, J. (2013). Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 49, 723-733. http://doi.org 10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7
40. Wang, Y., Li, Q., Li, C. (2023). Organic fertilizer has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen mineralization than planting pattern in rainfed farmland of the Loess Plateau. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences, 11, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1232527
41. Wang, J. W., Zhang, G. Y. & Yu, C. Q. (2020). A Meta-analysis of the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil microbial community. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 11, 298–303. http://10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2020.03.007