Topraktan Uygulanan Yarasa Gübresinin Mercimek Gelişimi ile Rizosfer Toprağının Bazı Biyolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, , 61 - 71, 29.06.2024

Çiğdem Küçük , Ayşegül Arslan

https://doi.org/10.33484/sinopfbd.1391287

Öz

İnorganik gübrelerin sürekli kullanımı toprağın yapısını bozmakta, çevreye ve insan sağlığında olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. Organik gübre uygulaması, bitki büyümesi için gerekli besin maddelerinin sağlanması açısından da güvenli alternatiflerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, organik gübre olarak kullanılan yarasa gübresinin mercimek gelişimi ve rizosferin bazı toprak mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprağa farklı dozlarda uygulanan yarasa gübresinin mercimeğin bitki boyu, yeşil aksam ve kök kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, klorofil içeriği olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan yarasa gübresinin rizosfer bölgesinin $CO_2$ içeriği, $\beta$-glukosidaz aktivitesi, maya+küf ve toplam bakteri düzeyini kontrole göre önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yarasa gübresi, mercimek, rizosferin bazı biyolojik özellikleri

Etik Beyan

Çalışma, etik kurul izni veya herhangi bir özel izin gerektirmemektedir

Teşekkür

bu çalışma Ayşegül Arslan'ın yüksek lisans tezinin bir kısmıdır.

The Effect of Bat Guano Applied from Soil on Lentil Growth and Some Biological Properties of Rhizosphere Soil

Öz

Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers destroys the structure of the soil and causes negative effects on the environment and human health. Application of organic fertilizer is one of the safe alternatives in terms of providing the nutrients necessary for plant growth. In this study, the effect of bat fertilizer used as organic fertilizer on lentil growth and some soil microbiological properties of the rhizosphere was investigated. It has been determined that bat fertilizer applied to the soil at different doses positively affects plant height, green parts and root dry weight, root length and chlorophyll content of lentils. It was determined that the $CO_2$ content, $\beta$-glucosidase activity, yeast + mold and total bacteria levels of the rhizosphere region of the applied bat fertilizer increased significantly compared to the control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bat fertilizer, lentils, some biological properties of the rhizosphere

Kaynakça

• Palita, K. S., Panigrahi, R. & Panda, D. (2021). Potentiality of bat guano as organic manure for ımprovement of growth and photosynthetic response in crop plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 91, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-020-01205-y
• Badgley, C., Moghtader, J., Quintero, E., Zakern, E., Chappell, J., Aviles-Vazquez, K., Samulon, A & Perfecto, I. (2007). Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22, 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742170507001640
• Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N. & Foley, A. E. (2012). Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature, 485, 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11069
• Padbhushan, R., Das, A., Rakshit, R., Sharma, R. P., Kohli, A. & Kumar, R. (2016). Long-term organic amendment application improves influence on soil aggregation, aggregate associated carbon and carbon pools under scented rice-potato-onion cropping system after the 9th crop cycle. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47, 2445–2457. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1254785
• He, Z., Pagiliari, P. H. & Waldrip, H. M. (2016). Applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure: A Review. Pedobiologia, 26, 779–816.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60087-X
• Fenton, M. B., Cumming, H. M., Rautenbach, I. L., Cumming, G. S., Cumming, M. S., Ford, G., Tylor, R. D., Dunlop, J., Havorka, M. D., Johnston, D. S., Portfors, C. V., Kalcounis, M. C. & Mahlanga, Z. (1998). Bats and the loss tree canopy in African woodlands. Conservation Biology, 12, 399–407.
• Keleher, H., & Sara, A. (1996). Guano: bats’ gift to gardeners. Bats, 14, 15–17.
• Shetty, S., Sreepada, K. S. & Bhat, R. (2013). Effect of bat guano on the growth of Vigna radiata L. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 3, 1–8.
• Aydın Can, B., Ünal, M. & Can, O. (2019). Farklı yarasa gübresi uygulamalarının marul yetiştiriciliğin de verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.481660
• Ulukapı, K. & Şener, S. (2018). Farklı organik gübrelerin tarla ve örtüaltı koşullarında yetiştirilen karnabaharın bitki gelişimi ve verim parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Selçuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32, 510-515. https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.130
• Ojobor, S. A.; Omovie-Stephen, O. F. (2022). Influence of formulated palm mill effluent and bat guano mixture on maize performance and soil chemical properties in Delta State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,56, 28–32. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-620
• Bay, S. B. (2019). Kapya Tipi Biber (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Kapya) Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanılan Organik Gübrelerin Bitki Gelişimi ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. (Tez no.555776) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi].
• Zhou, Z., Zhang, S., Jiang, N., Xiu, W., Zhao, J. & Yang, D. (2022). Effects of organic fertilizer incorporation practices on crops yield, soil quality, and soil fauna feeding activity in the wheat-maize rotation system. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1058071
• Fitriani, A., Rizali, A., Saputra, R. A., Sari, N. (2022). The responses of some doses fertilizer bat guano on the crop yield of Hiyung Chili pepper in the ultisols. Savana Cendana, 7, 27-28. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i02.1020
• Jacoby, R., Peukert, M., Succurro, A., Koprivova, A. & Kopriva, S. (2017). The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition current knowledge and future directions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01617
• Jannson, J. K. & Hofmockel, K. S. (2018). The soil microbiome—From metagenomics to metaphenomics. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 43, 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.013
• Chen, J., Zheng, M. J., Pang, D. W., Yin, Y. P., Han, M. M. & Li, Y. X. (2017). Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 1708–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61589-7
• Li, L. R., Feng, J. L., Liu, M. M., Mei, H., Kang, Z. Y. & Cai, Q. N. (2021). Effect of crop planting patterns on soil microorganisms and crop pests in farmland. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 37, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1232527
• Liu, J. A., Shu, A. P., Song, W. F., Shi, W. C., Li, M. C. & Zhang, W. X. (2021). Long-term organic fertilizer substitution increases rice yield by improving soil properties and regulating soil bacteria. Geoderma, 404, 115287. https://10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115287
• Burucu, D. (2023). Ürün raporu: Kuru baklagil. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, 68 sayfa (https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler)
• Arnon, D. T. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1- 15. http:// doi:10.1104/pp.24.1.1
• Anderson, J. P. E. (1982). Soil Respiration. In: methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties (Ed. A. L. Page). ASA-SSSA, Madison, Winsconsin. pp. 831-871.
• Küçük, Ç., & Cevheri, C. (2018). Some microbiological properties in soil samples taken from maize grown fields in Sanliurfa. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2, 28-40. http://doi: 10.29002/asujse.316782.
• Pepper, I. L. & Gerba, C. P. & Brendecke, J. W. (1995). Brendecke: Environmental Microbiology, A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, New York.
• Krasilnikov, P., Taboada, M. A. & Amanullah, A. (2022). Fertilizer Use, Soil Health and Agricultural Sustainability. Agriculture, 12, 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040462
• Ünal, M., Can, O., Aydın Can, A., & Poyraz, K. (2018). The effect of bat guano applied to the soil in different forms and doses on some plant nutrient contents. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49, 708-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1434540
• Nagar, N. K., Goud, V. V. & Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of organic manures and crop residue managament on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil under pigeon pea based intercropping system. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 6, 101-103.
• Çiçek, N. (2021). Kadife (Tagetes erecta) çiçeğinin bazı kalite ve gelişim parametrelerine yarasa gübresi ve vermikompostun etkileri. Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 24-31.
• Misra, P. K., Gautam, N. K., & Elangovan, V. (2019). Bat guano: a rich source of macro and microelements essential for plant growth. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 21, 82-86.
• Han, G. X., Zhou, G. S. & Xu, Z. Z. (2008). Research and prospects for soil respiration of farmland ecosys tems in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 32, 719–733. https://doi.org/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.022
• Raich, J. W. & Tufekciogul, A. (2000). Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry, 48, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006112000616
• Dimande, P., Arrobas, M. & Rodrigues, M. A. (2023). Under a tropical climate and in sandy soils, bat guano mineralises very quickly, behaving more like a mineral fertiliser than a conventional farmyard manure. Agronomy, 13(5), 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051367
• Moreno-Espindola, I. P., Ferrara-Guerrero, M. J., Luna-Guido, M. L., Ramírez-Villanueva, D. A., de Leon-Lorenzana, A. S., Gomez-Acata, S., González-Terreros, E., Ramírez-Barajas, B., Navarro-Noya, Y. E. & Sanchez-Rodriguez, L. M. (2018). The bacterial community structure and microbial activity in a traditional organic milpamarming system under different soil moisture conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02737
• Caldwell, B. A. (2005). Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review. Pedobiologia, 49, 637–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.06.003
• Shi, J., Yuan, X., Lin, H., Yang, Y. & Li, Z. (2011). Differences in soil properties and bacterial communities between the rhizosphere and bulk soil and among different production areas of the medicinal plant Fritillaria thunbergii. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 3770–3785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12063770
• Martens, D. A., Johanson, J. B. & Frankenberger, J. W. T. (1992). Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeatedaddition of organic residues. Soil Sciences, 153, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199201000-00008
• Majumdar, B., Saha, A. R., Ghoai, A. K., Sarkar, S. K., Chowdhury, H., Kundu, D. K. & Mahapatra, B. S. (2014). Effect of fertilizer treatments on jüte (Chorchorus olitorius), microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and residual fertility status of soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84, 503-508. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i4.39467
• Latha, H. S. & Sharanappa, A. (2014). Effect of organic amendments on the productivity and quality of produce and soil in groundnut (Arachis hypoqaea), onion (Allium cepa) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84, 999-1003. http://doi.org 10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43138
• Lazcano, C., Gomez-Brandon, M., Revilla, P. & Dominguez, J. (2013). Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 49, 723-733. http://doi.org 10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7
• Wang, Y., Li, Q., Li, C. (2023). Organic fertilizer has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen mineralization than planting pattern in rainfed farmland of the Loess Plateau. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences, 11, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1232527
• Wang, J. W., Zhang, G. Y. & Yu, C. Q. (2020). A Meta-analysis of the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil microbial community. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 11, 298–303. http://10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2020.03.007