Seasonal Variation in the Terpene Composition of Pinus pinea L. (Pinaceae) Needles Collected from Two Distinct Regions

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effect of temporal changes on the terpene concentration in the needles of P. pinea from two different regions. The study focused on pine trees ($P.$ $pinea$) located in Kozak Plateau (Bergama/Izmir) and the Pamukkale University (Kınıklı/Denizli) campus. Needle samples from randomly marked trees were collected monthly throughout the year, generally on the same dates. The terpene content of the needle leaves was analyzed using GC-MS. The differences in terpene amounts obtained from the trees were statistically evaluated using the R statistical program. As a result of the analysis, 19 terpene-derived compounds were identified from the Kozak Plateau samples and 12 from the Pamukkale University samples. When examining the fluctuations of the compounds in different months, it was determined that α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, linalool, trans-β-caryophyllene, β-selinene, guaiol, α-eudesmol, and manoyloxide showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, the Pearson correlation analysis results indicated a positive relationship among almost all compounds.

Keywords

• GC-MS
• Pinus pinea
• Terpene
• Türkiye
• Temporal variation

İki Farklı Bölgedeki $Pinus$ $pinea$ L. (Pinaceae) İğne Yapraklarındaki Terpen Bileşiminin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı zamansal değişimlerin $P.$ $pinea$ iğne yapraklarındaki terpen konsantrasyonuna etkisinin iki farklı bölgede araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma alanı ve materyali olarak, Kozak Yaylası (Bergama/İzmir) ve Pamukkale Üniversitesi (Kınıklı/Denizli) Kampüsü içerisindeki fıstıkçamı ağaçları ($P.$ $pinea$) seçilmiştir. Rastgele olarak işaretlenmiş ağaçlara ait iğne yaprak örneklemeleri tüm yılı kapsayacak şekilde her ay genelde aynı tarihlerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İğne yaprakların içerdiği terpen miktarı GC-MS analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Ağaçlara ait elde edilen terpen miktarlarındaki farklılıkları istatistiksel olarak değerlendirmek için R istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda Kozak Yaylası örneklerinden 19, Pamukkale Üniversitesi örneklerinden ise 12 terpen türevli bileşen (mono- ve seskuiterpen) belirlenmiştir. Bileşiklerin farklı aylardaki dalgalanmaları incelendiğinde α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, linalool, trans-β-caryophyllene, β-selinene, guaiol, α-eudesmol ve manoyloxide'in istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Pearson korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre hemen hemen tüm bileşikler arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişkinin varlığı da ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• GC-MS
• Pinus pinea
• Terpen
• Türkiye
• Zamansal değişim

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