Bitkilerde Hücre Duvarı Mekanizmasında Strese Bağlı Meydana Gelen Savunma Cevapları

Abstract

Bu derlemede, bitki hücre duvarının yapısı, bileşenleri ve çeşitli biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörlerine bağlı olarak verdiği yanıtlara değinilmektedir. Hücre duvarı streslere karşı bitki direncinin önemli fiziksel bariyer oluşturarak koruyucu rolü üstlenmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra savunma sisteminde sinyal mekanizmasını oluşturmaktadır. Stresin hücre duvarı metabolizması üzerindeki etkileri, hücre duvarı proteinleri ve enzim faaliyetleri üzerine olmaktadır. Stres faktörlerine karşı duvar mekanizması stres kaynağı ve bitki özelliklerine göre değişim göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, çoğu durumda, iki ana mekanizma vurgulanabilir: (i) ksiloglukan endotransglukosilaz/ hidrolaz (XTH) düzeyinin artması ve (ii) artan hücre duvarı kalınlaşması, ikincil duvarın hemiselüloz ve lignin birikimi ile güçlendirilmesidir. Bu bilgiler ışığı altında, stres koşullarında biyokütle üretimini arttırabilmek için, hücre duvarı üzerindeki stresin sonuçlarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yeni yaklaşımlar ve farklı hücre duvarı analizleri yapılması hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca hücre duvarı yapısında etkili olan proteinler ile ilgili ileri düzeyde araştırmalar yapılmasının gerekli olduğu kanısındayız.

Keywords

• Hücre duvarı
• lignin
• expansinler
• XTHler
• pektin metilesteraz
• stres

Stress Induced Defence Responses in Cell Wall Mechanisms in Plants

Abstract

In this review, the structure of the plant cell wall, its components and its responses to various biotic and abiotic stress factors are discussed. The cell wall plays a protective role by creating an important physical barrier for plant resistance against stresses. In addition, it creates a signal mechanism in the defense system. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are on cell wall proteins and enzyme activities. The wall mechanism against stress factors varies according to the stress source and plant characteristics. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) increasing the level of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase / hydrolase (XTH) and (ii) increasing cell wall thickening, strengthening the secondary wall by the accumulation of hemicellulose and lignin. In the light of this information, new approaches and different cell wall analyzes are aimed to reveal the results of stress on the cell wall in order to increase biomass production under stress conditions. In addition, we believe that advanced research is required on proteins that are effective in cell wall structure.

Keywords

• Cell wall
• lignin
• expansins
• XTHs
• pectin methylesterase
• stress

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