Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2021, , 155 - 190, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.907859

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acemoğlu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2020). Dar koridor: Devletler, toplumlar ve özgürlüğün geleceği. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Agenda.ge. (2016). Tbilisi mayor’s office opens first ever permanent shelter to homeless people. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2016/31. 17 Şubat 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2019a). 1,531 homeless people registered in Tbilisi. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/2909. 17 Şubat 2021. Agenda.ge. (2019b). Georgia to offer affordable housing for service members. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/3445. 18 Şubat 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2020a). Former hippodrome in Tbilisi to be turned into capital’s central park in two years. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/3104. 05 Mayıs 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2020b). Over 250 IDP families receive flats in Tbilisi from gov’t. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2493. 12 Şubat 2021.
  • Aivazovsky, I. (1868). View of old Tbilisi in 1868. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tbilisi#/media/File:Tiflis_by_aivazovsky.jpg. 17 Haziran 2021. Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2016). Realizing the urban potential ın Georgia, national urban assessment. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/186168/urban-potential-georgia.pdf. 26 Nisan 2021.
  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2020). Economic indicators for Georgia. https://www.adb.org/countries/georgia/economy. 22 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, (2002). Tbilisi in the 19th century: History and culture. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/INTAS-2000-00250. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Bochorishvili, E. & Samkurashvili, K. (2019). Tbilisi real estate market outlook in need of modernization. Galt and taggart. https://galtandtaggart.com/upload/reports/11339.pdf. 09 Nisan 2021.
  • Britannica. (2015). Welfare state. https://www.britannica.com/topic/welfare-state. 09 Şubat 2021.
  • Britannica. (2020). Treaty of Georgievsk. https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Georgievsk. 26 Nisan 2021.
  • CEE Bankwatch Network. (2020). Green city action plan for Tbilisi – a mere formality? (M. Kochladze, Ed.). https://bankwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-08-03-Urban-Mobility-case-study_Tbilisi_FINAL.pdf. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Chkhenkeli, I., Jibladze, J., Japaridze, G. & Shavdia, G. (1970). Tbilisi soviet master plan for the period 1970-2000. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tbilisi_Master_Plan_(1970-2000).gif. 25 Nisan 2021. CSCE. (2004). Georgia’s “Rose Revolution”.
  • https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Report%20on%20Georgia%27s%20Rose%20Revolution.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • D’encausse, H. C. (2015). Dünyayı değiştiren altı yıl 1985-1991 Sovyet İmparator-luğu’nun yıkılışı. Yapıkredi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Delmando, C. L. (2019). Tbilisi’s house price rises continue, buoyed by strong demand and limited supply. https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Asia/Georgia/Price-History. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Demetriou, S. (2002). Rising from the ashes? The difficult (re) birth of the Georgian state. Development and Change, 33 (5), 859-883.
  • Demoskop. (2013a). 1897’de Rus İmparatorluğu nüfusunun ilk genel sayımı. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_gub_97.php?reg=69. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Demoskop. (2013b). 1989 genel nüfus sayımı. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php. 24 Nisan 2021.
  • Dobbs, M. (1991). Soviet Georgian republic proclaims independence. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/04/10/soviet-georgian-republic-proclaims-independence/f0c3d67c-e38e-46f7-8a27-0991eab22080/. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2019a). GSYİH. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=GE. 27 Nisan 2021.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2019b). Rankings. https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Durdu, Z. (2009). Modern devletin dönüşümünde bir ara dönem: Sosyal refah devleti. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 37-50.
  • EIEC. (2020). Green Cover. http://www.eiec.gov.ge/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98.aspx?lang=en-US. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. (2020). Gürcistan Nüfusu. http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rngeorgia.html. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Gadrani, L., Lominadze, G., & Tsitsagi, M. (2018). F assessment of landuse/landcover (LULC) change of Tbilisi and surrounding area using remote sensing (RS) and GIS. Annals of Agrarian Science, 16 (2), 163-169. GEOSTAT. (2019a). Regional gross domestic product. https://www.geostat.ge/en/single-news/2007/regional-gross-domestic-product-2019. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • GEOSTAT. (2019b). Demographic situation in Georgia. https://www.geostat.ge/en/single-archive/3346. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • GEOSTAT. (2020). Population. https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/41/population. 04 Nisan 2021. GEOSTAT. (2021). Population of Tbilisi. https://www.geostat.ge/regions/regionseng/10/population/population.xlsx. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Gürcistan Cumhuriyeti Yüksek Konseyi, (1991). Gürcistan devlet bağımsızlığının restora-syonu yasası. https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/32362?publication=0. 16 Haziran 2021.
  • Gürcistan Hükümeti, (2014). Regions of Georgia. http://www.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=227. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Heritage. (2020). Country rankings: World & global economy rankings on economic free-dom. https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking?version=174. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • ISET. (2020). Real estate market highlights, 17 | April-June 2020. ISET. https://iset-pi.ge/index.php/en/real-estate-prices-index. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • İşgal Altındaki Topraklardan Ülke İçinde Yerinden Edilmiş Kişiler, Çalışma, Sağlık ve Sosyal İşler Bakanlığı. (2014). IDP Figures. http://mra.gov.ge/eng/static/55. 04 Ni-san 2021.
  • Jokhadze, T. (2018). Housing issues – experience. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/unosd/documents/4285Session%207-3%20Tengiz%20Jokhadze.pdf. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Kandelaki, G. (2006). Georgia’s Rose revolution a participant’s perspective. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr167.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Kober, I. (2007). Georgian academy of sciences. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Academy_of_Sciences_of_Georgia,_Tbilisi.JPG. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Lindh, T. & Malmberg, B. (2008). Demography and housing demand-what can we learn from residential construction data?. Journal of Population Economics, 21 (3), 521-539.
  • Malcolm, J. (1829). The history of Persia from the most early period to the present time. London: John Murray.
  • Maskovich, G. (1913). Map of Tiflis. from the caucasus guidebook of 1913. https://tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosya:Tiflis_map_(Moskvich_guide,_1913).jpg. 05 Nisan 2021.
  • Mathema, A., Salukvadze, J. & Budovitch, M. (2016). Georgia urban strategy. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18079.87204. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Meladze, G., & Loladze, N. (2017). Population changes and characteristics of demographic processes in Tbilisi. Space–Society–Economy, 19, 87-103. 06 Nisan 2021.
  • Mikhaylyuk, V. (2020). The condemned: Living in a Khrushchyovka. 18 Şubat 2021.
  • Mkrtchian, S. (2009). Contemporary Armenian community in Tbilisi. Iran and the Cauca-sus, 13 (2), 299-310. Numbeo. (2020). Cost of living index 2020. https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings.jsp?title=2020&displayColumn=0. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • OECD. (2019). Housıng Tenures. https://www.oecd.org/els/family/HM1-3-Housing-tenures.pdf. 20 Nisan 2021. Oxford Reference. (2021). Hit-and-Run. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095939125. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Pignatti, N. (2019). Tackling unstable housing in Georgia: a New step towards a more inclu-sive, prosperous and sustainable society. https://www.iset-pi.ge/index.php/ka/iset-economist-blog/entry/tackling-unstable-housing-in-georgia-a-new-step-towards-a-more-inclusive-prosperous-and-sustainable-society. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Raspopina, S. (2017). Attack the block: What will the upcoming khrushchevki demolitions mean for Moscow?. https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8046/khrushchevka-demolition-moscow. 17 Haziran 2021. Şahin, S. (2015). Geçmiş günümüz ve gelecekte nüfus gerçeği. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Salukvadze, J. & Golubchikov, O. (2016). City as a geopolitics: Tbilisi, Georgia-A globaliz-ing metropolis in a turbulent region. Cities, 52, 39-54.
  • Salukvadze, J. (1996). Market versus planning? Mechanisms of spatial change in post-Soviet Tbilisi. City, 50, 160-170.
  • Shavishvili, N. (2010). Tbilisi, Georgia-The AR launches a campaign to save historic Old Tbilisi town. https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/tbilisi-georgia-the-ar-launches-a-campaign-to-save-historic-old-tbilisi-town. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Silagadze, A. (2017). History of Georgian economic thought: Relation between the center and the region. Bulletin of The Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 11 (4), 137-144.
  • Tbilisi City Hall. (2018). Tbilisi in figures. http://tbilisi.gov.ge/img/original/2018/6/12/tbilisiinfigures.pdf. 08 Nisan 2021.
  • Tchokhonelidze, N. (2020). Tiflis’te bir yapı. https://unsplash.com/photos/oUwjvJhAu6w. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • UNESCO. (2007). Tbilisi historic district. https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5233/. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • UNHCR. (2009). Protection of internally displaced persons in georgia: A gap analysis. https://www.unhcr.org/4ad827f59.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Van-Assche, K., & Salukvadze, J. (2012). Tbilisi reinvented: Planning, development and the unfinished project of democracy in Georgia. Planning Perspectives, 27 (1), 1-24.
  • Van-Assche, K., & Salukvadze, J. (2013). Urban transformation and role transformation in the post-Soviet metropolis. Remaking metropolis: Global challenges of the urban landscape. Cities, 52, 86-102.
  • Van-Assche, K.; Salukvadze, J.; Duineveld, M. & Verschraegen, G. (2009). Would Planners be as sweet by any other name? Roles in a transitional planning system: Tbilisi, Georgia. Van-Assche, K.; Salukvadze, J. & Shavishvili, N. (Ed.), City Culture and City Planning in Tbilisi: Where Europe and Asia Meet City Culture and City Planning in Tbilisi: Where Europe and Asia Meet. Lewiston & Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press.
  • UNECE, C. (2007). Country profiles on the housing sector–Georgia. Cenevre: BM. https://unece.org/DAM/hlm/prgm/cph/countries/georgia/CPGeorgia_Chapter1.pdf. 14 Nisan 2021.
  • Webgeo.Ru. (2012a). 1970 nüfus sayımları. http://webgeo.ru/db/1970/gruz.htm. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Webgeo.Ru. (2012b). 1979 nüfus sayımları. http://webgeo.ru/db/1979/gruz.htm. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Wheeler, A. (2015). New look for old Tbilisi: Preservation planning in Tbilisi historic district. Identity Studies in the Caucasus and the Black Sea Region, 6, 70-85.
  • Wilson, J. & Golubock, D.G. (2015). Tbilisi. https://geohistory.today/tbilisi/. 17 Haziran 2021.

TARİHSEL KIRILMALARIN KONUTLAŞMAYA ETKİSİ: TİFLİS ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2021, , 155 - 190, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.907859

Öz

Konut sektörü, ekonomik, politik ve demografik faktörlerden güçlü bir şekilde etkilenen piyasa tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Bu faktörler birbiriyle ilişkilidir ve her biri konut sektörüne biçim vermektedir. Bahsi geçen bu üç etmenin arasındaki bağın geçmişte yaşadığı değişim, günümüz şehirlerini derinden etkilemektedir. Gürcistan’ın başkenti ve en büyük şehri olan Tiflis, ülkenin; ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan kalbidir. Ülke nüfusunun önemli bir kısmının evi ve gayri safi yurtiçi hasılasının yarısının üretildiği merkez olarak, ülke konut piyasasının da merkezidir. Ayrıca birbirinden farklılaşan; siyasi, ekonomik ve demografik şartlara sahip pek çok tarihi katmandan oluşan şehir; konut piyasası üzerinde etkili olan siyaset, ekonomi ve demografi arasındaki etkileşimin zaman içerisinde incelenmesi için oldukça uygundur. Bu amaçla araştırmada şehir dönemlere ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada çarlık öncesi, çarlık, Sovyet ve Sovyet sonrası iki dönemin bir birinden karakter bakımından epey farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu dönemlerde kentin özellikle konutlaşma başta olmak üzere pek çok farklı kalemde çeşitli planlama stratejileri geliştirdiği saptanmıştır. Böylece her bir döneme ait özelliklerin kent üzerinde önemli bir iz bıraktığı ve güncel duruma ortam hazırladığı söylenebilir. Nitekim 2000’li yıllarda değişen siyasi durumla ortaya çıkan son ve güncel dönemde gayrimenkul piyasasında yaşanan hızlı büyümede, geçmiş dönemlerin demografik, siyasi ve ekonomik özelliklerinin etkisinin bulunduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Acemoğlu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2020). Dar koridor: Devletler, toplumlar ve özgürlüğün geleceği. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Agenda.ge. (2016). Tbilisi mayor’s office opens first ever permanent shelter to homeless people. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2016/31. 17 Şubat 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2019a). 1,531 homeless people registered in Tbilisi. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/2909. 17 Şubat 2021. Agenda.ge. (2019b). Georgia to offer affordable housing for service members. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/3445. 18 Şubat 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2020a). Former hippodrome in Tbilisi to be turned into capital’s central park in two years. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/3104. 05 Mayıs 2021.
  • Agenda.ge. (2020b). Over 250 IDP families receive flats in Tbilisi from gov’t. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2493. 12 Şubat 2021.
  • Aivazovsky, I. (1868). View of old Tbilisi in 1868. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tbilisi#/media/File:Tiflis_by_aivazovsky.jpg. 17 Haziran 2021. Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2016). Realizing the urban potential ın Georgia, national urban assessment. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/186168/urban-potential-georgia.pdf. 26 Nisan 2021.
  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2020). Economic indicators for Georgia. https://www.adb.org/countries/georgia/economy. 22 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, (2002). Tbilisi in the 19th century: History and culture. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/INTAS-2000-00250. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Bochorishvili, E. & Samkurashvili, K. (2019). Tbilisi real estate market outlook in need of modernization. Galt and taggart. https://galtandtaggart.com/upload/reports/11339.pdf. 09 Nisan 2021.
  • Britannica. (2015). Welfare state. https://www.britannica.com/topic/welfare-state. 09 Şubat 2021.
  • Britannica. (2020). Treaty of Georgievsk. https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Georgievsk. 26 Nisan 2021.
  • CEE Bankwatch Network. (2020). Green city action plan for Tbilisi – a mere formality? (M. Kochladze, Ed.). https://bankwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-08-03-Urban-Mobility-case-study_Tbilisi_FINAL.pdf. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Chkhenkeli, I., Jibladze, J., Japaridze, G. & Shavdia, G. (1970). Tbilisi soviet master plan for the period 1970-2000. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tbilisi_Master_Plan_(1970-2000).gif. 25 Nisan 2021. CSCE. (2004). Georgia’s “Rose Revolution”.
  • https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Report%20on%20Georgia%27s%20Rose%20Revolution.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • D’encausse, H. C. (2015). Dünyayı değiştiren altı yıl 1985-1991 Sovyet İmparator-luğu’nun yıkılışı. Yapıkredi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Delmando, C. L. (2019). Tbilisi’s house price rises continue, buoyed by strong demand and limited supply. https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Asia/Georgia/Price-History. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Demetriou, S. (2002). Rising from the ashes? The difficult (re) birth of the Georgian state. Development and Change, 33 (5), 859-883.
  • Demoskop. (2013a). 1897’de Rus İmparatorluğu nüfusunun ilk genel sayımı. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_gub_97.php?reg=69. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Demoskop. (2013b). 1989 genel nüfus sayımı. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php. 24 Nisan 2021.
  • Dobbs, M. (1991). Soviet Georgian republic proclaims independence. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/04/10/soviet-georgian-republic-proclaims-independence/f0c3d67c-e38e-46f7-8a27-0991eab22080/. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2019a). GSYİH. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=GE. 27 Nisan 2021.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2019b). Rankings. https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Durdu, Z. (2009). Modern devletin dönüşümünde bir ara dönem: Sosyal refah devleti. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 37-50.
  • EIEC. (2020). Green Cover. http://www.eiec.gov.ge/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98.aspx?lang=en-US. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. (2020). Gürcistan Nüfusu. http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rngeorgia.html. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Gadrani, L., Lominadze, G., & Tsitsagi, M. (2018). F assessment of landuse/landcover (LULC) change of Tbilisi and surrounding area using remote sensing (RS) and GIS. Annals of Agrarian Science, 16 (2), 163-169. GEOSTAT. (2019a). Regional gross domestic product. https://www.geostat.ge/en/single-news/2007/regional-gross-domestic-product-2019. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • GEOSTAT. (2019b). Demographic situation in Georgia. https://www.geostat.ge/en/single-archive/3346. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • GEOSTAT. (2020). Population. https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/41/population. 04 Nisan 2021. GEOSTAT. (2021). Population of Tbilisi. https://www.geostat.ge/regions/regionseng/10/population/population.xlsx. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Gürcistan Cumhuriyeti Yüksek Konseyi, (1991). Gürcistan devlet bağımsızlığının restora-syonu yasası. https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/32362?publication=0. 16 Haziran 2021.
  • Gürcistan Hükümeti, (2014). Regions of Georgia. http://www.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=227. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Heritage. (2020). Country rankings: World & global economy rankings on economic free-dom. https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking?version=174. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • ISET. (2020). Real estate market highlights, 17 | April-June 2020. ISET. https://iset-pi.ge/index.php/en/real-estate-prices-index. 04 Nisan 2021.
  • İşgal Altındaki Topraklardan Ülke İçinde Yerinden Edilmiş Kişiler, Çalışma, Sağlık ve Sosyal İşler Bakanlığı. (2014). IDP Figures. http://mra.gov.ge/eng/static/55. 04 Ni-san 2021.
  • Jokhadze, T. (2018). Housing issues – experience. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/unosd/documents/4285Session%207-3%20Tengiz%20Jokhadze.pdf. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Kandelaki, G. (2006). Georgia’s Rose revolution a participant’s perspective. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr167.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Kober, I. (2007). Georgian academy of sciences. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Academy_of_Sciences_of_Georgia,_Tbilisi.JPG. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Lindh, T. & Malmberg, B. (2008). Demography and housing demand-what can we learn from residential construction data?. Journal of Population Economics, 21 (3), 521-539.
  • Malcolm, J. (1829). The history of Persia from the most early period to the present time. London: John Murray.
  • Maskovich, G. (1913). Map of Tiflis. from the caucasus guidebook of 1913. https://tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosya:Tiflis_map_(Moskvich_guide,_1913).jpg. 05 Nisan 2021.
  • Mathema, A., Salukvadze, J. & Budovitch, M. (2016). Georgia urban strategy. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18079.87204. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Meladze, G., & Loladze, N. (2017). Population changes and characteristics of demographic processes in Tbilisi. Space–Society–Economy, 19, 87-103. 06 Nisan 2021.
  • Mikhaylyuk, V. (2020). The condemned: Living in a Khrushchyovka. 18 Şubat 2021.
  • Mkrtchian, S. (2009). Contemporary Armenian community in Tbilisi. Iran and the Cauca-sus, 13 (2), 299-310. Numbeo. (2020). Cost of living index 2020. https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings.jsp?title=2020&displayColumn=0. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • OECD. (2019). Housıng Tenures. https://www.oecd.org/els/family/HM1-3-Housing-tenures.pdf. 20 Nisan 2021. Oxford Reference. (2021). Hit-and-Run. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095939125. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Pignatti, N. (2019). Tackling unstable housing in Georgia: a New step towards a more inclu-sive, prosperous and sustainable society. https://www.iset-pi.ge/index.php/ka/iset-economist-blog/entry/tackling-unstable-housing-in-georgia-a-new-step-towards-a-more-inclusive-prosperous-and-sustainable-society. 25 Nisan 2021.
  • Raspopina, S. (2017). Attack the block: What will the upcoming khrushchevki demolitions mean for Moscow?. https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8046/khrushchevka-demolition-moscow. 17 Haziran 2021. Şahin, S. (2015). Geçmiş günümüz ve gelecekte nüfus gerçeği. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Salukvadze, J. & Golubchikov, O. (2016). City as a geopolitics: Tbilisi, Georgia-A globaliz-ing metropolis in a turbulent region. Cities, 52, 39-54.
  • Salukvadze, J. (1996). Market versus planning? Mechanisms of spatial change in post-Soviet Tbilisi. City, 50, 160-170.
  • Shavishvili, N. (2010). Tbilisi, Georgia-The AR launches a campaign to save historic Old Tbilisi town. https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/tbilisi-georgia-the-ar-launches-a-campaign-to-save-historic-old-tbilisi-town. 23 Nisan 2021.
  • Silagadze, A. (2017). History of Georgian economic thought: Relation between the center and the region. Bulletin of The Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 11 (4), 137-144.
  • Tbilisi City Hall. (2018). Tbilisi in figures. http://tbilisi.gov.ge/img/original/2018/6/12/tbilisiinfigures.pdf. 08 Nisan 2021.
  • Tchokhonelidze, N. (2020). Tiflis’te bir yapı. https://unsplash.com/photos/oUwjvJhAu6w. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • UNESCO. (2007). Tbilisi historic district. https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5233/. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • UNHCR. (2009). Protection of internally displaced persons in georgia: A gap analysis. https://www.unhcr.org/4ad827f59.pdf. 17 Haziran 2021.
  • Van-Assche, K., & Salukvadze, J. (2012). Tbilisi reinvented: Planning, development and the unfinished project of democracy in Georgia. Planning Perspectives, 27 (1), 1-24.
  • Van-Assche, K., & Salukvadze, J. (2013). Urban transformation and role transformation in the post-Soviet metropolis. Remaking metropolis: Global challenges of the urban landscape. Cities, 52, 86-102.
  • Van-Assche, K.; Salukvadze, J.; Duineveld, M. & Verschraegen, G. (2009). Would Planners be as sweet by any other name? Roles in a transitional planning system: Tbilisi, Georgia. Van-Assche, K.; Salukvadze, J. & Shavishvili, N. (Ed.), City Culture and City Planning in Tbilisi: Where Europe and Asia Meet City Culture and City Planning in Tbilisi: Where Europe and Asia Meet. Lewiston & Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press.
  • UNECE, C. (2007). Country profiles on the housing sector–Georgia. Cenevre: BM. https://unece.org/DAM/hlm/prgm/cph/countries/georgia/CPGeorgia_Chapter1.pdf. 14 Nisan 2021.
  • Webgeo.Ru. (2012a). 1970 nüfus sayımları. http://webgeo.ru/db/1970/gruz.htm. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Webgeo.Ru. (2012b). 1979 nüfus sayımları. http://webgeo.ru/db/1979/gruz.htm. 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Wheeler, A. (2015). New look for old Tbilisi: Preservation planning in Tbilisi historic district. Identity Studies in the Caucasus and the Black Sea Region, 6, 70-85.
  • Wilson, J. & Golubock, D.G. (2015). Tbilisi. https://geohistory.today/tbilisi/. 17 Haziran 2021.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yusuf Mert Üstün 0000-0003-1479-9338

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Üstün, Y. M. (2021). TARİHSEL KIRILMALARIN KONUTLAŞMAYA ETKİSİ: TİFLİS ÖRNEĞİ. Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 155-190. https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.907859

                                                 

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