ABD’nin Körfez Monarşilerine Yaklaşımını Tarihsel Bir Açıdan Anlamak: Nixon Dönemi

Year 2019, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 19 - 41, 31.03.2019

Nur Çetinoğlu Harunoğlu

Abstract

Katar’ın terörizme ve İran’ın bölgesel müdahalelerine destek olması gerekçelerinden kaynaklanan Körfez bölgesindeki 2017 krizi, Körfez monarşileri arasında önemli bir çatlağa neden olmuştur. Bir tarafta Suudi Arabistan, Bahreyn ve Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri hattı, diğer taraftan ise Katar’ın bulunduğu bu kriz karşısında Trump yönetimi, taraf almadan gerginliği barışçı şekilde yatıştırmaya çalışmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, ABD’nin Körfez monarşileri arasında çıkan son krizde benimsediği yaklaşımın nedenlerini, tarihsel bir açıdan anlamaktır. Makalenin temel argümanı, ABD’nin 2017’deki Körfez krizinde benimsediği yaklaşımın, Britanya’nın Körfez’den çekilme kararı akabinde Nixon yönetimi tarafından Körfez monarşilerine yönelik benimsemiş olduğu yaklaşımın türevi olduğudur. Bu makale aynı zamanda bu yaklaşımın, ABD dış politikasında Körfez’e yönelik süreklilik arz eden bir davranış örneği olduğunu da savunmaktadır. Bu amaca hizmet edecek şekilde, çalışmada kullanılacak temel kaynaklar, Britanya’nın Körfez bölgesinden çekilme kararını takiben bağımsızlıklarını kazanan Körfez ülkeleriyle ilgili yapılan ABD iç yazışmaları olacaktır. Başkan Richard Nixon dönemine denk gelen bu dönemde ABD’nin Körfez monarşilerine yönelik nasıl bir yaklaşım benimsediği, bu yaklaşımın nedenlerinin ne olduğu ve günümüzle bağlantısının nasıl kurulabileceği çalışmanın temel sorularıdır. 

Keywords

ABD dış politikası, 2017 Körfez krizi, Körfez monarşileri, Trump, Nixon, Britanya’nın Körfez’den çekilmesi

Understanding The US’ Approach To The Gulf Monarchies From A Historical Perspective: Nixon’s Period

Abstract

The 2017 crisis in the Gulf region, emanating from the claims of Qatar supporting terrorism as well as Iran’s regional interferences, created a critical split among the Gulf monarchies. The Trump administration, facing the Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the United-Arab Emirates line on the one hand, and Qatar on the other, refrained from taking sides and made efforts to appease the tension in a peaceful manner. The purpose of this article is to understand the reasons behind the US’ approach to the recent Gulf crisis from a historical perspective. The main argument of the article is that the recent US approach to the 2017 Gulf crisis is derived from the approach adopted by the Nixon administration in the wake of the British withdrawal from the Gulf. The article also argues that the above-mentioned approach constitutes an element of continuity in American foreign policy towards the Gulf. For this purpose, the basic sources used in this work are the declassified documents of American administration on the newly independent Gulf states in the wake of Britain’s decision to withdraw from the Gulf. The main questions of the article are what kind of approach the US adopted towards the Gulf in this period that coincides with President Nixon’s term, what were the causes of this approach and what kind of connection could be established between then and now. 

Keywords

American foreign policy, the 2017 Gulf crisis, The Gulf monarchies, Trump, Nixon, the British withdrawal from the Gulf

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