Research Article
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Impacts of the Triple Transformation on Sustainable Development Goals: The Interoperability of Digital, Green and Social Transformation

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 232 - 250, 26.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1698504
https://izlik.org/JA99SD78KX

Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitate a comprehensive development approach that integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions. In this framework, the triple transformation (or triple transition) approach, which has gone beyond digital and green transformation in recent years, emphasises the evaluation of digital, green, and social transformation processes together. This study examines the effects of triple transformation on SDGs through a mechanism-based analytical framework developed based on common pathways of action that are frequently observed in the literature. The findings show that digital, green, and social transformation dimensions can be associated with all 17 SDGs; however, the strength of this relationship depends on the extent to which the transformation dimensions are supported through mechanisms of efficiency and resource optimisation, access and inclusion, governance and institutional capacity, and resilience and risk management. The study also reveals that development traps, defined as low productivity, environmental, social inclusion, and institutional weaknesses, can limit the contribution of the triple transformation to the SDGs when these mechanisms do not function effectively. In this respect, the study offers new analytical and policy-level insights into how the triple transformation can be designed more effectively in sustainable development policies.

References

  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2024). Quality jobs and the future of work in Asia and the Pacific: Impacts of a triple transition—Demographic, digital, and green. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/999501/quality-jobs-future-work-asia-pacific.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2025).
  • Avrupa Komisyonu Stratejik Gelecek Raporu. (2022). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 2022 Strategic Foresight Report: Twinning the green and digital transitions in the new geopolitical context (COM/2022/289 Final). European Commission.
  • Avrupa Merkez Bankası. (2024). Digitalisation and productivity: A report by the ESCB expert group on productivity, innovation and technological change (Occasional Paper Series No. 339). European Central Bank.
  • Beier, G., Matthess, M., Guan, T., Grudzien, D. I. D. O. P., Xue, B., de Lima, E. P., & Chen, L. (2022). Impact of Industry 4.0 on corporate environmental sustainability: Comparing practitioners’ perceptions from China, Brazil and Germany. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.02.017
  • Bianchi, P., De Propris, L., & Labory, S. (2024). People-centred policies for a just transition (digital, green and skills). Contemporary Social Science, 19(1-3), 262-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2024.2351479
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Sınai Kalkınma Teşkilatı. (2024). Industrial development report 2024. UNIDO.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (2022). The UN Technology Facilitation Mechanism: Informal note by the Secretariat on the first phase (2015-2022) and food for thought on the way forward. United Nations.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (n.d.). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri. Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye. https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Şubat 2025).
  • Caro-González, A., Serra, A., Albala, X., Borges, C. E., Casado-Mansilla, D., Colobrans, J., Iñigo, E., Millard, J., Mugarra-Elorriaga, A., & Nechkoska, R. P. (2023). The Three MuskEUteers. In R. P. Nechkoska, G. Manceski, & G. Poels (Eds.), Facilitation in complexity: From creation to co-creation, from dreaming to co-dreaming, from evolution to co-evolution (pp. 3-28). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11065-8_1
  • Dünya Bankası. (2016). World development report 2016: Digital dividends. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2010). Telemedicine: Opportunities and developments in member states. World Health Organization.
  • Enciso-Santocildes M., & Caro-González A. (2023). Harnessing the potential of social economy to generate an encompassing triple transition: Social, green and digital. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 16(3), 302-319. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2023.3.87.16
  • Grin, J., Rotmans, J., & Schot, J. (2010). Transitions to sustainable development: New directions in the study of long-term transformative change (First edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856598
  • Kumi, E. (2024). Environmentally sustainable economic growth in Albania. Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 10(3), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0020
  • Meadows, D., Randers, J., & Meadows, D. (2004). Limits to growth: The 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing.
  • Nauwelaers, C., Harding, R., Perianez-Forte, I., Haegeman, K., & Arregui, E. H. (2022). Case studies towards green transition in EU regions – Smart specialisation for transformative innovation. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/382998
  • OECD. (2019). Latin American economic outlook 2019: Development in transition. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/g2g9ff18-en
  • OECD. (2023a). Towards a triple transition: Strategies for transformational European development action. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/094322ba-en
  • OECD. (2023b). Digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective digital education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c74f03de-en
  • Petmesidou, M., & Guillén, A. M. (2022). Europe’s green, digital and demographic transition: A social policy research perspective. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 28(3), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221107498
  • Sanayi Bakanlığı. (2024). Sanayicileri ikiz dönüşüme davet etti. T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/medya/haber/sanayicileri-ikiz-donusume-davet-etti (Erişim Tarihi: 16 Şubat 2025).
  • Schröder, A. J., Cuypers, M., & Götting, A. (2024). From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: The triple transition digital, green and social. In D. Stroud, A. J. Schröder, L. Antonazzo, C. Behrend, V. Colla, A. Goti, & M. Weinel (Eds.), Industry 4.0 and the road to sustainable steelmaking in Europe: Recasting the future (pp. 35-51). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35479-3_3
  • Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü. (2025). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2025. International Labour Office. https://doi.org/10.54394/IZLN1673
  • Zhong, Y., Zhong, Y., Zhang, L., & Tang, Z. (2024). The path to urban sustainability: Urban intelligent transformation and green development—Evidence from 286 cities in China. Sustainability, 16(23), 10394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310394

Üçüz Dönüşümün Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Dijital, Yeşil ve Sosyal Dönüşümün Birlikte Uygulanabilirliği

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 232 - 250, 26.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1698504
https://izlik.org/JA99SD78KX

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SKH), ekonomik, çevresel ve toplumsal boyutları birlikte ele alan bütüncül bir kalkınma yaklaşımını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede son yıllarda dijital ve yeşil dönüşümün ötesine geçen üçüz dönüşüm (veya üçlü geçiş) yaklaşımı, dijital, yeşil ve sosyal dönüşüm süreçlerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesini öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma, üçüz dönüşümün SKH’ler üzerindeki etkilerini, literatürde tekrar eden ortak etki yolları temelinde geliştirilen mekanizma-temelli bir analitik çerçeve üzerinden incelemektedir. Bulgular, dijital, yeşil ve sosyal dönüşüm boyutlarının 17 SKH’nin tamamı ile ilişkilendirilebildiğini; ancak bu ilişkinin gücünün, dönüşüm boyutlarının verimlilik ve kaynak optimizasyonu, erişim ve kapsayıcılık, yönetişim ve kurumsal kapasite ile dayanıklılık ve risk yönetimi mekanizmaları üzerinden ne ölçüde desteklendiğine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca, düşük verimlilik, çevresel, sosyal kapsayıcılık ve kurumsal zayıflıklar şeklinde tanımlanan kalkınma tuzaklarının, bu mekanizmaların etkin işlemediği durumlarda üçüz dönüşümün SKH’lere katkısını sınırlayabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, üçüz dönüşümün sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikalarında nasıl daha etkili tasarlanabileceğine ilişkin analitik ve politika düzeyinde yeni içgörüler sunmaktadır.

References

  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası. (2024). Quality jobs and the future of work in Asia and the Pacific: Impacts of a triple transition—Demographic, digital, and green. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/999501/quality-jobs-future-work-asia-pacific.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2025).
  • Avrupa Komisyonu Stratejik Gelecek Raporu. (2022). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 2022 Strategic Foresight Report: Twinning the green and digital transitions in the new geopolitical context (COM/2022/289 Final). European Commission.
  • Avrupa Merkez Bankası. (2024). Digitalisation and productivity: A report by the ESCB expert group on productivity, innovation and technological change (Occasional Paper Series No. 339). European Central Bank.
  • Beier, G., Matthess, M., Guan, T., Grudzien, D. I. D. O. P., Xue, B., de Lima, E. P., & Chen, L. (2022). Impact of Industry 4.0 on corporate environmental sustainability: Comparing practitioners’ perceptions from China, Brazil and Germany. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.02.017
  • Bianchi, P., De Propris, L., & Labory, S. (2024). People-centred policies for a just transition (digital, green and skills). Contemporary Social Science, 19(1-3), 262-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2024.2351479
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Sınai Kalkınma Teşkilatı. (2024). Industrial development report 2024. UNIDO.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (2022). The UN Technology Facilitation Mechanism: Informal note by the Secretariat on the first phase (2015-2022) and food for thought on the way forward. United Nations.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (n.d.). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri. Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye. https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Şubat 2025).
  • Caro-González, A., Serra, A., Albala, X., Borges, C. E., Casado-Mansilla, D., Colobrans, J., Iñigo, E., Millard, J., Mugarra-Elorriaga, A., & Nechkoska, R. P. (2023). The Three MuskEUteers. In R. P. Nechkoska, G. Manceski, & G. Poels (Eds.), Facilitation in complexity: From creation to co-creation, from dreaming to co-dreaming, from evolution to co-evolution (pp. 3-28). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11065-8_1
  • Dünya Bankası. (2016). World development report 2016: Digital dividends. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2010). Telemedicine: Opportunities and developments in member states. World Health Organization.
  • Enciso-Santocildes M., & Caro-González A. (2023). Harnessing the potential of social economy to generate an encompassing triple transition: Social, green and digital. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 16(3), 302-319. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2023.3.87.16
  • Grin, J., Rotmans, J., & Schot, J. (2010). Transitions to sustainable development: New directions in the study of long-term transformative change (First edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856598
  • Kumi, E. (2024). Environmentally sustainable economic growth in Albania. Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 10(3), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0020
  • Meadows, D., Randers, J., & Meadows, D. (2004). Limits to growth: The 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing.
  • Nauwelaers, C., Harding, R., Perianez-Forte, I., Haegeman, K., & Arregui, E. H. (2022). Case studies towards green transition in EU regions – Smart specialisation for transformative innovation. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/382998
  • OECD. (2019). Latin American economic outlook 2019: Development in transition. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/g2g9ff18-en
  • OECD. (2023a). Towards a triple transition: Strategies for transformational European development action. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/094322ba-en
  • OECD. (2023b). Digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective digital education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c74f03de-en
  • Petmesidou, M., & Guillén, A. M. (2022). Europe’s green, digital and demographic transition: A social policy research perspective. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 28(3), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221107498
  • Sanayi Bakanlığı. (2024). Sanayicileri ikiz dönüşüme davet etti. T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/medya/haber/sanayicileri-ikiz-donusume-davet-etti (Erişim Tarihi: 16 Şubat 2025).
  • Schröder, A. J., Cuypers, M., & Götting, A. (2024). From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: The triple transition digital, green and social. In D. Stroud, A. J. Schröder, L. Antonazzo, C. Behrend, V. Colla, A. Goti, & M. Weinel (Eds.), Industry 4.0 and the road to sustainable steelmaking in Europe: Recasting the future (pp. 35-51). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35479-3_3
  • Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü. (2025). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2025. International Labour Office. https://doi.org/10.54394/IZLN1673
  • Zhong, Y., Zhong, Y., Zhang, L., & Tang, Z. (2024). The path to urban sustainability: Urban intelligent transformation and green development—Evidence from 286 cities in China. Sustainability, 16(23), 10394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310394
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Strategy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Haluk Gökşen 0000-0002-9600-6348

İbrahim Efe Efeoğlu 0000-0003-3928-4568

Submission Date May 13, 2025
Acceptance Date February 6, 2026
Publication Date February 26, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1698504
IZ https://izlik.org/JA99SD78KX
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gökşen, H., & Efeoğlu, İ. E. (2026). Üçüz Dönüşümün Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Dijital, Yeşil ve Sosyal Dönüşümün Birlikte Uygulanabilirliği. Sosyal Mucit Academic Review, 7(2), 232-250. https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1698504