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DIGITAL TRACKS BEYOND BORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE MIGRATION CRISIS

Year 2023, , 137 - 191, 28.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1382519

Abstract

This study aimed to systematically examine the studies conducted and published on immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees by using big data written in English. Articles were searched on Scholar, The Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus databases. The concept set centered around the concepts of immigration and big data was used in the surveys. In accordance with the PRISMA protocol principles, 49 articles were examined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria among 258 articles obtained from the relevant databases until the end of December 2022. The reviewed articles were categorized under the headings of “topics examined”, “dataset”, “analyses”, “software used” and “key findings”. The studies provide indications on how to obtain information about this population, which is difficult to reach group especially due to its massiveness, using big data tools. In the findings, it has been seen that studies based on big data on immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees contribute to facilitating the integration of these groups into the target country. Also, it has been revealed that these studies may lead to undesirable results in terms of violating the confidentiality of research groups, producing labeling, and increasing surveillance for these groups. In addition to these, it has been found that these studies have methodological handicaps in terms of representativeness, accuracy, excessive homogenization, and easy generalization. It is thought that the findings of the study will shed light on the international migration and refugee policies to be carried out using big data analysis tools.

References

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SINIRLARIN ÖTESİNDEKİ DİJİTAL İZLER: GÖÇ KRİZİ ÜZERİNE SİSTEMATİK BİR DERLEME

Year 2023, , 137 - 191, 28.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1382519

Abstract

Bu çalışma, uluslararası literatürde İngilizce olarak kaleme alınmış, büyük veri analiz araçları kullanılarak göçmen, sığınmacı ve mültecilerle ilgili yapılmış ve yayınlanmış çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesini ve çalışmalardan elde edilen verilerin sistematik bir biçimde incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Makaleler Scholar, The Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed ve Scopus veritabanları üzerinden taranmıştır. Taramalarda göçmen ve büyük veri kavramları etrafında yararlanılan kavram seti kullanılmıştır. PRISMA protokol ilkelerine uygun olarak 2022 yılı Aralık ayı sonuna kadar ilgili veritabanlarından elde edilen 258 makale arasından dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre 49 makale incelenmiştir. Taranan makaleler “ele alınan konular”, “veri seti”, “analizler”, “kullanılan yazılım” ve “başlıca bulgular” başlıkları altında incelenerek kategorileştirilmiştir. Araştırmalar, büyük veri araçlarının kullanılması yoluyla özellikle kitleselliği nedeniyle erişilmesi zor bir grup olan bu nüfus hakkında nasıl daha kolay bilgi elde edilebileceğine dair göstergeler sunmaktadır. Bulgularda göçmen, sığınmacı ve mültecilerle ilgili büyük veriye dayalı çalışmaların, bu grupların hedef ülkeye entegrasyonunu kolaylaştırma noktasında katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların bu gruplar açısından araştırma gruplarının gizliliğinin ihlal edilmesi, etiketlemeyi üretmesi, gözetimi artırması bağlamında sakıncalı sonuçlar doğurabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bunlara ek olarak bu araştırmaların temsil edilebilirlik, doğruluk oranı, aşırı homojenleştirme ve kolay yoldan genelleştirme gibi hususlarda metodolojik handikaplar taşıdığı bulgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularının büyük veri analiz araçları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilecek uluslararası göç ve mülteci politikalarına ilişkin ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

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  • Ahmed, N., Firoze, A. and Rahman, R.M. (2020). Machine learning for predicting landslide risk of Rohingya refugee camp infrastructure. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 4(2), 175-198. DOI: 10.1080/24751839.2019.1704114.
  • Aslan, P. and Ertem Eray, T. (2019). How to analyze big data: a study on understanding what the Turkish think about Syrian refugee crisis. Journal of Selçuk Communication, 12(2), 763-780. DOI: 10.18094/josc.596301.
  • Atar, E. (2021). Systematic analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using big data in the context of international migration and refugees. Alternative Policy, 13(1), 146-174.
  • Augsburger, M. and Elbert, T. (2017). When do traumatic experiences alter risk-taking behavior? A machine learning analysis of reports from refugees. PLoS ONE, 12(5), e0177617. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177617.
  • Aydemir, B., Aydın, H., Çetinkaya, A. and Polat, D.Ş. (2022). Predicting the Income Groups and Number of Immigrants by Using Machine Learning (ML). International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, 6(2), 162-168. DOI: 10.36287/ijmsit.6.2.162.
  • Azizi, S., Ngwaba, C.A. and Ekhator-Mobayode, U.E. (2021). Can Machine Learning Predict Quantity and Duration of Migration to the USA? The Journal of Prediction Markets, 15(1), 97-107. DOI: 10.5750/jpm.v15i1.1859.
  • Baird, S., Panlilio, R., Seager, J., Smith, S. and Wydick, B. (2022). Identifying psychological trauma among Syrian refugee children for early intervention: Analyzing digitized drawings using machine learning. Journal of Development Economics, 156 (1), 102822. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102822.
  • Baym, N. (2010). Personal Connections in a Digital Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bell, D. (1999). The coming of post-industrial society. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bertsimas, D. and Fazel-Zarandi, M.M. (2021). Prescriptive machine learning for public policy: The case of immigration enforcement. Computer Sciences. Under Review.
  • Best, K., Gilligan, J., Baroud, H., Carrico, A., Donato, K. and Mallick, B. (2022). Applying machine learning to social datasets: a study of migration in southwestern Bangladesh using random forests. Regional Environmental Change 22(2), 52. DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-01915-1.
  • Beyer, M.A. and Laney, D. (2012). The importance of ‘big data’: A definition. Gartner Report. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/doc/2057415/importance -big-data-definition.
  • Carammia, M., Iacus, S.M. and Wilkin, T. (2022). Forecasting asylum-related migration flows with machine learning and data at scale. Scientific Reports 12(1), 1-25. DOI: 1457. 10.1038/s41598-022-05241-8.
  • Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Cambridge. Blackwell.
  • Chang, C.C. (2018). Hakka genealogical migration analysis enhancement using big data on library services. Library Hi Tech, 36(3), 426-442. DOI: 10.1108/LHT-08-2017-0172.
  • Chen, Y., Li, K., Zhou, Q. and Zhang, Y. (2022). Can Population Mobility Make Cities More Resilient? Evidence from the Analysis of Baidu Migration Big Data in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 36. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010036.
  • Choi, S., Hong, J.Y., Kim, Y.J. and Park, H. (2020). Predicting psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic by machine learning: discrimination and coping mechanisms of Korean immigrants in the US. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6057. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176057.
  • Cox, M. and Ellsworth, D. (1997). Application-controlled demand paging for out-of-core visualization. Report NAS-97-010, MS T27A-2. Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center.
  • Davenport, T.H. (2014). How strategists use “big data” to support internal business decisions, discovery and production. Strategy & Leadership, 42(4), 45-50.
  • Diebold, F.X. (2021). What’s the big idea? Big data and its origins. Significance, 18(1), 36-37. DOI: 10.1111/1740-9713.01490
  • Emami, S.N., Yousefi S., Pourghasemi, H.R., Tavangar, S. and Santosh, M. (2020). A comparative study on machine learning modeling for mass movement susceptibility mapping (a case study of Iran). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 5291-5308. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-020-01915-7.
  • Fernández-Martínez, J.L., Boga, J.A., de Andrés-Galiana, E., Casado, L., Fernández, J., Menéndez, C., ... Rodríguez-Guardado, A. (2021). A Machine Learning Model for Evaluating Imported Disease Screening Strategies in Immigrant Populations. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 105(5), 1413-1419. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1443.
  • Gahi, Y., Guennoun, M. and Mouftah, H.T. (2016). Big data analytics: security and privacy Challenges. 2016 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC), 952-957. Messina. Italy: IEEE.
  • Gao, Y., Nan, Y. and Song, S. (2022). High‐speed rail and city tourism: Evidence from Tencent migration big data on two Chinese golden weeks. Growth and Change, 53(3), 1012-1036. DOI: 10.1111/grow.12473.
  • Garha, N.S. and Domingo, A. (2019). Indian diaspora population and space: national register, UN Global Migration Database and Big Data. Diaspora Studies, 12(2), 134-159. DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2019.1635390.
  • Giang, N.H., Nguyen, T.T., Tay, C.C., Phuong, L.A. and Dang, T.T. (2022). Towards predictive Vietnamese human resource migration by machine learning: A case study in northeast Asian countries. Axioms, 11(4), 151. DOI: 10.3390/axioms11040151.
  • Havas, C., Wendlinger, L., Stier, J., Julka, S., Krieger, V., Ferner, C., ... & Resch, B. (2021). Spatio-Temporal Machine Learning Analysis of Social Media Data and Refugee Movement Statistics. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(8), 498. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10080498.
  • Huang, Y. and Shao, M. (2022). Challenges and Countermeasures of Arab Immigrants and International Trade in the Era of Big Data. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 1(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.1155/2022/1025453.
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) & Privacy International (2018). The humanitarian metadata problem: “Doing no harm” in the digital era. Available at: https://privacyinternational.org/report/2509/humanitarian-metadata-problem-doing-no-harm-digital-era
  • Juric, T. (2022b). Predicting refugee flows from Ukraine with an approach to Big (Crisis) Data: a new opportunity for refugee and humanitarian studies. Athens Journal of Technology and Engineering, 9(3), 159-184.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Migration Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Beyza Yılmaz 0000-0002-6963-2036

Emre Özcan 0000-0002-0877-2457

Publication Date October 28, 2023
Submission Date July 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yılmaz, B., & Özcan, E. (2023). DIGITAL TRACKS BEYOND BORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE MIGRATION CRISIS. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 26(2), 137-191. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1382519

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Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi / Journal of Sociological Research

SAD / JSR