D. H. Lawrence’ın St. Mawr Adlı Eserinde Modernite Eleştirisinin Jung’un Hayvan, Ruh ve İnisiyasyon Arketipleri ve Nietzsche’nin Trajik Miti Üzerinden İncelenmesi

Abstract

D. H. Lawrence’ın St. Mawr (1925) adlı kısa romanı, Aydınlanma ideolojilerinin mitleştirdiği akılcılık, insanın doğa karşısındaki üstünlüğü ve çağdaş toplumun mükemmelliği gibi modern uygarlığın yanılsamalarını eleştirir. Romana adını veren at St. Mawr, bu mitlere meydan okuyan ilkel ve içgüdüsel güçleri temsil eder. Lou, atla kurduğu bağ aracılığıyla, yaşamın daha ilkel formları ile yeniden bağlantı kurar; modernitenin bastırdığı doğal içgüdülerle ve yıkıcı olgular ile yüzleşir. Lou’nun dönüşümü, arketipsel bir inisiyasyon ritüeli modelini izler ve medeniyetin dayattığı kısıtlamalara karşı çıkan trajik insana dönüşü ile sonuçlanır. Bu makale, Lou’nun deneyimini şekillendiren temel Jungcu örüntüler olarak özellikle hayvan, ruh ve inisiyasyon arketiplerine odaklanır. St. Mawr adlı eserde Jungcu arketipleri ve Nietzsche’nin trajik mitini, egemen kültürel anlatıları yıkma ve daha otantik, özgürleşmiş bir varoluşu tasavvur etme araçları olarak inceler. Aynı zamanda, Lawrence’ın kültür endüstrisine yönelik eleştirisini ele alır ve kitle toplumunun, içgüdüleri bastırarak ve uyumu dayatarak modernitenin yanılsamalarını nasıl pekiştirdiğini inceler. Lawrence, mitin hem ideolojik bir tutsaklık hem de kurtuluş yolu olabileceğini gösterirken, modernitenin baskıcı mitlerinin, çağdaş insanı ilkel kökenlerine bağlayan kolektif bilinçaltı ve tekrarlayan sembolleriyle ilişki kurarak aşılabileceğini öne sürer.

Keywords

• arketipler
• kolektif bilinçaltı
• trajik mit
• kültür endüstrisi
• modernite

Ethical Statement

Makale araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir.

JUNGIAN ARCHETYPES OF THE ANIMAL, SPIRIT, AND INITIATION AND NIETZSCHEAN TRAGIC MYTH IN CRITIQUING MODERNITY IN D. H. LAWRENCE’S ST. MAWR

Abstract

D. H. Lawrence’s novella St. Mawr (1925) critiques the illusions of modern civilisation upheld by Enlightenment ideologies that mythologise rationality, human superiority over nature, and the promise of societal perfection. The eponymous horse, St. Mawr, embodies primal, instinctual forces that challenge these myths. Through her bond with the horse, Lou reconnects with a more primitive form of life, confronting natural instincts and destructive truths repressed by modernity. Her transformation follows a rite of initiation, culminating in a tragic disposition that resists civilisation’s constraints. The study thus focuses particularly on the animal, spirit and initiation archetypes as key Jungian patterns structuring Lou’s experience. It explores Jungian archetypes and Nietzschean tragic myth in St. Mawr as tools to subvert dominant cultural narratives and envision a more authentic, liberated existence. At the same time, it considers Lawrence’s critique of the culture industry, showing how mass civilisation reinforces illusions by disciplining instinct and enforcing conformity. Lawrence demonstrates that myth can serve as both ideological confinement and a path to salvation, proposing that the oppressive myths of modernity may be overcome by engaging with the collective unconscious and its recurring symbols, which link contemporary humanity to its primal origins.

Keywords

• archetypes
• collective unconscious
• tragic myth
• culture industry
• modernity

Ethical Statement

The article has been prepared in accordance with research and publication ethics. This study does not require ethics committee approval.

References

1. Baumlin, J. S., Baumlin, T. F., Jensen, G. H. (Eds.). (2004). Post-Jungian criticism: Theory and practice. State University of New York Press.
2. Booth, H. J. (2000). Lawrence in doubt: A theory of the other and its collapse. In H. J. Booth, N. Rigby (Eds.). Modernism and Empire (pp. 197-223), Manchester University Press.
3. Gidley, M. (1974). Antipodes: D. H. Lawrence’s St. Mawr. Ariel, 5(1), 25-41.
4. Habermas, J. (1982). The entwinement of myth and enlightenment: Re-reading dialectic of enlightenment. (Trans: T. Y. Levin), New German Critique, (26), 13-30.
5. Henderson, J. L. (1964). Ancient myths and modern man. In C. G. Jung (Ed.), Man and His Symbols (pp. 95-156), Dell Publishing.
6. Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. W. (2002) Dialectic of enlightenment: Philosophical fragments. In G. S. Noerr (Ed.) (Trans: E. Jephcott), Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1942)
7. Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. W. (2002). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. In G. S. Noerr (Ed.) (Trans: E. Jephcott), Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments (pp. 94-136), Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1942)
8. Jaffe, A. (1964). Symbolism in the visual arts. In C. G. Jung (Ed.), Man and His Symbols (pp. 255-322), Dell Publishing.

9. Jung, C. G. (2001). Four archetypes. Routledge. (Original work published 1953)
10. Jung, C. G (Ed). (1964). Man and his symbols. Dell Publishing.
11. Lawrence, D. H. (1987). St. Mawr and Other Stories. Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1925)
12. Moss, G. (2015). A beginning rather than an end: Popular culture and modernity in D. H. Lawrence’s St. Mawr. Journal of D. H Lawrence Studies, 4(1), 119-139.
13. Nietzsche, F. W. (2000). The birth of tragedy. (Trans: D. Smith), Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1872)
14. Nietzsche, F. W. (1995) Thus spake Zarathustra. (Trans: W. Kaufmann), Modern Library. (Original work published 1883)
15. Nietzsche, F. W. (2007). On the genealogy of morality. In K. A. Pearson (Ed.) (Trans: C. Diethe), Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1887)
16. Nietzsche, F. W. (2007). Twilight of the idols. In A. Ridley & J. Norman (Eds.) (Trans: J. Norman), The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and Other Writings (pp. 115-229), Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1889)
17. Nietzsche, F. W. (2007). The anti-Christ. In A. Ridley & J. Norman (Eds.) (Trans: J. Norman), The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and Other Writings (pp. 1-67), Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1895)
18. Poirier, R. (1967). A world elsewhere: The place of style in American literature. Chatto and Windus.
19. Poplawski, P. (1996). Language, art and reality in D. H. Lawrence’s St. Mawr: A stylistic study. Edwin Mellen Press.
20. Rowland, S. (2011). The ecocritical psyche: Literature, evolutionary complexity and Jung. Routledge.
21. Rowland, S. (2019). Jungian literary criticism: The essential guide. Routledge.
22. Tones. M. (2014). Nietzsche, tension, and the tragic disposition. Lexington Books.
23. Wasserman, J. (1971). St Mawr and the search for community. Mosaic, 5(2), 113-123.
24. Wilde, A. (1964). The illusion of St Mawr: Technique and vision in D. H. Lawrence’s novel. PMLA/Publications of The Modern Language Association of America, 79(1), 164-70.