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The Effects of Cognitive Flexibility on Cognitive Emotional Regulation

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 39, 651 - 684, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.624377

Abstract

The data of this study were gained from 300 students. Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire and Sociodemographic data form were administered to the participants. As the results of this study; “alternatives” levels for cognitive flexibility, “other-blame”, “catastrophizing”, “positive refocusing”, “refocus on planning”, “positive reappraisal” for cognitive emotional regulation were predicted as positive; “self-blame” and “rumination” levels were predicted as negative. “Control” levels for cognitive flexibility, “self-blame”, “other blame” levels for cognitive emotional regulation were predicted as positive; “rumination”, “positive refocusing” and “planning” were predicted as negative. “Other blame” levels for cognitive emotional regulation were higher in female participants rather than male. “Catastrophizing” levels were on behalf of male participants. There was no difference between genders for cognitive flexibility levels. The age variance was shown no difference neither for cognitive flexibility nor cognitive emotional regulation.

References

  • Akbulut Alsancak, Cansu (2018). “Depresyonun Duygu Düzenleme Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi”. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, S. 21, s. 184-192.
  • Ataman Temizel, Ece ve İhsan Dağ (2014). “Stres Veren Yaşam Olayları, Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Stratejileri, Depresif Belirtiler ve Kaygı Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkiler”. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, C. 17, S. 1, s. 7-18.
  • Basil, Debra vd. (2006). “Guilt Appeals: The Mediating Effect of Responsibility”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 23, S. 12, s. 1035-1054.
  • Basil, Debra vd. (2008). “Guilt and Giving: A Process Model of Empathy and Efficacy”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 25, S. 1, s. 1-23.
  • Boudewyns, Venessa vd. (2013). “Shame-free Guilt Appeals: Testing The Emotional and Cognitive Effects of Shame and Guilt Appeals”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 30, S. 9, s. 811-825.
  • Çelik, Hilal ve Oya Onat Kocabıyık (2014). “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 4, S. 1, s. 139-155.
  • Çelikkaleli, Öner (2014). “Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği”. Eğitim ve Bilim, C. 39, S. 176, s. 339-346.
  • D’Zurilla, Tomanson ve Artur Nezu (2010). “Problem-Solving Therapy”. Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies, S. 3, s. 197-225.
  • Davis, Robert ve Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). “Cognitive İnflexibility Among Ruminators and Nonruminators”. Cognitive Therapy and Research, C. 24, S. 6, s. 699-711.
  • Ekman, Paul ve Davidson Richard (1994). The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Garnefski, Nadia ve Vivian Kraaij (2006). “Relationships Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Depressive Symptoms: A Comparative Study of Five Specific Samples”. Personality and Individual Differences, C. 40, S. 8, s. 1659-1669.
  • Garnefski, Nadia vd. (2001). “Negative Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Emotional Problems”. Personality and Individual Differences, C. 30, S. 8, s. 1311-1327.
  • Gopnik, Alison vd. (2017). “Changes in Cognitive Flexibility and Hypothesis Search Across Human Life History From Childhood to Adolescence to Adulthood”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, C. 114, S. 30, s. 7892-7899.
  • Gross, James ve Ross Thompson (2007). Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Gülüm, Volkan ve İhsan Dağ (2012). “Tekrarlayıcı Düşünme Ölçeği ve Bilişsel Esneklik Envanterinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği”. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, C. 13, S. 3, s. 216-223.
  • LoSavio, Stefanie vd. (2017). “Cognitive Factors in The Development, Maintenance and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”. Current Opinion in Psychology, S. 14, s. 18-22.
  • Malcarne, Venessa vd. (1995). “Cognitive Factors in Adjustment to Cancer: Attributions of Self-blame and Perceptions of Control”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, C. 18, S. 5, s. 401-417.
  • Martin, Dan vd. (1991). “Major Depressives’ and Dysthymics’ Performance on The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, C. 47, S. 5, s. 684-690.
  • Martin, Matthew ve Rebecca Rubin (1995). “A New Measure of Cognitive Flexibility”. Psychological Reports, C. 76, S. 2, s. 623-626.
  • Martin, Ryan ve Eric Dahlen (2005). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation in The Prediction of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Anger”. Personality and İndividual Differences, C. 39, S. 7, s. 1249-1260.
  • Min, Jeong vd. (2013). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Contributing to Resilience in Patients with Depression and/or Anxiety Disorders”. Comprehensive Psychiatry, C. 54, S. 8, s. 1190-1197.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan (2000). “The Role of Rumination in Depressive Disorders and Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms”. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, C. 109, S. 3, s. 504-511.
  • Ochsner, Kevin ve James Gross (2008). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Insights from Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience”. Current Directions in Psychological Science, C. 17, S. 2, s. 153-158.
  • O'Neill, Melanie ve Patricia Kerig (2000). “Attributions of Self-Blame and Perceived Control as Moderators of Adjustment in Battered Women”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, C. 15, S. 10, s. 1036-1049.
  • Ong, Anthony vd. (2010). “Psychological Resilience Predicts Decreases in Pain Catastrophizing Through Positive Emotions”. Psychology and Aging, C. 25, S. 3, s. 516-523.
  • Onat, Oya ve Mustafa Otrar (2010). “Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, C. 31, S. 31,s. 123-143.
  • Payne, John vd. (1993). The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge University Press.
  • Spiro, Rand (1988). Cognitive Flexibility Theory: Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains. Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report, No: 441.
  • Spiro, Rand (2012). Cognitive Flexibility and Hypertext: Theory and Technology for the Nonlinear and Multidimensional Traversal of Complex Subject Matter. In Cognition, Education and Multimedia, Routledge. No: 177-220.
  • Tangney, June (1991). “Moral Affect: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, C. 61, S. 4, s. 598-607.

BİLİŞSEL ESNEKLİĞİN BİLİŞSEL DUYGU DÜZENLEME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 39, 651 - 684, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.624377

Abstract

Bilişsel esnekliğin bilişsel duygu düzenleme üzerindeki etkisinin incelendiği çalışmanın verileri öğrenim görmekte olan 300 üniversite katılımcısından elde edilmiştir. Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri, Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği ve Sosyodemografik Veri Formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; bilişsel esneklikte “alternatif” düzeyinin, bilişsel duygu düzenlemede “diğerlerini suçlama”, “felaketleştirme”, “olumlu yeniden odaklanma”, “plan yapmaya yeniden odaklanma”, “olumlu yeniden değerlendirme” ile pozitif; “kendini suçlama” ve “ruminasyon” düzeylerini negatif yordadığı görülmektedir. Bilişsel esneklikte “kontrol” düzeyinin, bilişsel duygu düzenlemede “kendini suçlama”, “diğerlerini suçlama” düzeylerinin pozitif; “ruminasyon”, “olumlu yeniden odaklanma” ve “plan yapmaya yeniden odaklanma” boyutlarını ise negatif yordadığı görülmektedir. Ek olarak bilişsel duygu düzenlemede kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek düzeyde “diğerlerini suçlama” eğilimi gösterirken, erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek “felaketleştirme” eğilimi görülürken, bilişsel esneklik kadınlar ve erkeklerde bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Bilişsel esneklik ve bilişsel duygu düzenlemede yaş faktörü anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturmamıştır.

References

  • Akbulut Alsancak, Cansu (2018). “Depresyonun Duygu Düzenleme Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi”. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, S. 21, s. 184-192.
  • Ataman Temizel, Ece ve İhsan Dağ (2014). “Stres Veren Yaşam Olayları, Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Stratejileri, Depresif Belirtiler ve Kaygı Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkiler”. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, C. 17, S. 1, s. 7-18.
  • Basil, Debra vd. (2006). “Guilt Appeals: The Mediating Effect of Responsibility”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 23, S. 12, s. 1035-1054.
  • Basil, Debra vd. (2008). “Guilt and Giving: A Process Model of Empathy and Efficacy”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 25, S. 1, s. 1-23.
  • Boudewyns, Venessa vd. (2013). “Shame-free Guilt Appeals: Testing The Emotional and Cognitive Effects of Shame and Guilt Appeals”. Psychology & Marketing, C. 30, S. 9, s. 811-825.
  • Çelik, Hilal ve Oya Onat Kocabıyık (2014). “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 4, S. 1, s. 139-155.
  • Çelikkaleli, Öner (2014). “Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği”. Eğitim ve Bilim, C. 39, S. 176, s. 339-346.
  • D’Zurilla, Tomanson ve Artur Nezu (2010). “Problem-Solving Therapy”. Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies, S. 3, s. 197-225.
  • Davis, Robert ve Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). “Cognitive İnflexibility Among Ruminators and Nonruminators”. Cognitive Therapy and Research, C. 24, S. 6, s. 699-711.
  • Ekman, Paul ve Davidson Richard (1994). The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Garnefski, Nadia ve Vivian Kraaij (2006). “Relationships Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Depressive Symptoms: A Comparative Study of Five Specific Samples”. Personality and Individual Differences, C. 40, S. 8, s. 1659-1669.
  • Garnefski, Nadia vd. (2001). “Negative Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Emotional Problems”. Personality and Individual Differences, C. 30, S. 8, s. 1311-1327.
  • Gopnik, Alison vd. (2017). “Changes in Cognitive Flexibility and Hypothesis Search Across Human Life History From Childhood to Adolescence to Adulthood”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, C. 114, S. 30, s. 7892-7899.
  • Gross, James ve Ross Thompson (2007). Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Gülüm, Volkan ve İhsan Dağ (2012). “Tekrarlayıcı Düşünme Ölçeği ve Bilişsel Esneklik Envanterinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği”. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, C. 13, S. 3, s. 216-223.
  • LoSavio, Stefanie vd. (2017). “Cognitive Factors in The Development, Maintenance and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”. Current Opinion in Psychology, S. 14, s. 18-22.
  • Malcarne, Venessa vd. (1995). “Cognitive Factors in Adjustment to Cancer: Attributions of Self-blame and Perceptions of Control”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, C. 18, S. 5, s. 401-417.
  • Martin, Dan vd. (1991). “Major Depressives’ and Dysthymics’ Performance on The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, C. 47, S. 5, s. 684-690.
  • Martin, Matthew ve Rebecca Rubin (1995). “A New Measure of Cognitive Flexibility”. Psychological Reports, C. 76, S. 2, s. 623-626.
  • Martin, Ryan ve Eric Dahlen (2005). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation in The Prediction of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Anger”. Personality and İndividual Differences, C. 39, S. 7, s. 1249-1260.
  • Min, Jeong vd. (2013). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Contributing to Resilience in Patients with Depression and/or Anxiety Disorders”. Comprehensive Psychiatry, C. 54, S. 8, s. 1190-1197.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan (2000). “The Role of Rumination in Depressive Disorders and Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms”. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, C. 109, S. 3, s. 504-511.
  • Ochsner, Kevin ve James Gross (2008). “Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Insights from Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience”. Current Directions in Psychological Science, C. 17, S. 2, s. 153-158.
  • O'Neill, Melanie ve Patricia Kerig (2000). “Attributions of Self-Blame and Perceived Control as Moderators of Adjustment in Battered Women”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, C. 15, S. 10, s. 1036-1049.
  • Ong, Anthony vd. (2010). “Psychological Resilience Predicts Decreases in Pain Catastrophizing Through Positive Emotions”. Psychology and Aging, C. 25, S. 3, s. 516-523.
  • Onat, Oya ve Mustafa Otrar (2010). “Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, C. 31, S. 31,s. 123-143.
  • Payne, John vd. (1993). The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge University Press.
  • Spiro, Rand (1988). Cognitive Flexibility Theory: Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains. Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report, No: 441.
  • Spiro, Rand (2012). Cognitive Flexibility and Hypertext: Theory and Technology for the Nonlinear and Multidimensional Traversal of Complex Subject Matter. In Cognition, Education and Multimedia, Routledge. No: 177-220.
  • Tangney, June (1991). “Moral Affect: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, C. 61, S. 4, s. 598-607.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Okan Demirci 0000-0003-4188-4220

Elif Güneri This is me 0000-0002-0539-9263

Publication Date July 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 21 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Demirci, O. O., & Güneri, E. (2020). BİLİŞSEL ESNEKLİĞİN BİLİŞSEL DUYGU DÜZENLEME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 651-684. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.624377