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The Search of Criteria for Personal Identity: Conflict of Intuitions

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 44, 169 - 190, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1179213

Abstract

How we maintain the continuity of our personal identity, that is, how we stay the same person throughout our lives – if we do – is one of philosophy’s toughest problems. Overcoming this difficulty, which is called the problem of personal identity, requires giving necessary and sufficient conditions or determining a criterion that connects the existence of the person at different times in a way that protects his/her identity. However, the criteria that are thought to ensure the continuity of personal identity generally seem to draw their strength from our intuitions, which we do not have clear and precise knowledge about the reliability of their sources. Especially thought experiments, which are fictions of imagination, are used effectively as tools that probe our intuitions. Thus, the discussions on the subject are carried out in an environment of thought where intuitions collide to a degree that we have not seen in other philosophical problems, and this situation appears as a methodological weakness besides the specific metaphysical difficulty of the problem.

References

  • Baker, L. R. (2000). Persons and bodies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Baker, L. R. (2007). Persons and other things. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(5-6), 17-36.
  • Baker, L. R. (2014). Making sense of ourselves: Self-narratives and personal identity. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 7-15.
  • Boeker, R. (2021). Locke on persons and personal identity. Oxford University Press.
  • Barresi, J. & Martin, R. (2011). History as prologue: Western theories of the self. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (33-56. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Blatti, S. (2019). Animalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/animalism/
  • Butler, J. (2008/1736). Of personal identity. J. Perry (Ed.), Personal Identity: Second Edition içinde (99-105. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Chisholm, R. M. (1976). Person and object: A mtaphysical study. Open Court Publishing.
  • Dennett, D. (2013). Intuition pumps and other tools for thinking. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • DeGrazia, D. (2005). Human identity and bioethics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ehring, D. (2021). What matters in survival: Personal identity and other possibilities. Oxford University Press.
  • Foster, J. (1991). The immaerial self: A defence of the Cartesian dualist conception of mind. Routledge.
  • Frankfurt, H. (1971). Freedom of the will and the concept of a person. The Journal of Philosophy, 68(1), 5-20.
  • Gallagher, S. (2011). Introduction: A diversity of selves. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (1-29. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Gallup, G. G., Anderson, J. R., Platek, S. M. (2011). Self-recognition. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (80-110. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Gasser, G. & Stefan, M. (2012). Introduction. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (1-18. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Haan, E. H. F., Corbalis, P. M., Hillyard, S.A., Marzi, C. A., Seth, A., Lamme, V. A. F., Volz, L., Fabri, M., Schechter, E., Bayne, T., Corbalis, M., Pinto, Y. (2020). Split-brain: What we know now and why this is important for understanding consciousness. Neuropsychology Review, 30(5), 224-233.
  • Hummel, P. (2016). Against the complex versus simple distinction. Erkenntnis, 82(2), 363-378.
  • Kind, A. (2015). Persons and personal identity. Polity Press.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (1989). Personal identity and the unity of agency: A Kantian response to parfit. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 18(2), 101-132.
  • Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. Viking.
  • Langford, S. (2017). A defence of anti-criterialism. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 47(5), 613-630.
  • Lewis, D. (1976). Survival and identity. A. O. Rorty (Ed.), The Identities of Persons içinde (17-40. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Lindemann, H. (2001). Damaged identities, narrative repair. Cornell University Press.
  • Locke, J. (1689/1975). An essay concerning human understanding. P. H. Nidditch (Ed.), Oxford University Press.
  • Lowe, E. J. (2009). More kinds of being: A further study of individuation, identity, and the logic of sortal terms. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lowe, E. J. (2012). The probable simplicity of personal identity. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (137-155. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Martin, R. & Barresi, J. (2003). Introduction: Personal identity and what matters in survival: An historical overview. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (1-74. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Merricks, T. (1998). There are no criteria of identity over time. Noûs, 32(1), 106-124.
  • Noonan, H. W. (2003). Personal identity (Second edition). Routledge.
  • Noonan, H. W. (2019). Personal identity: The simple and complex views revisited. Disputatio, 11(52), 9-22.
  • Nozick, R. (1981). Philosophical explanations. Harvard University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (1997). The human animal: Personal identity without psychology. Oxford University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2007). What we are: A study in personal ontology. Oxford University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2012). In search of the simple view. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (44-62. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2019). Personal identity. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition), E. N. Zalta (Ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/identity-personal/
  • Olson, E. T. & Witt, K. (2018). Narrative and persistence. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49(3), 419-434.
  • Parfit, D. (1971). Personal identity. The Philosophical Review, 80(1), 3-27.
  • Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and persons. Oxford University Press.
  • Parfit, D. (2003). Why our identity is not what matters. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (115-143. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Parfit, D. (2012). We are not human beings. Philosophy, 87(1), 5-28.
  • Perry, J. (1976). The importance of being identical. Amélie O. Rorty (Ed.), The Identities of Persons içinde (67-90. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Raymond, M. (2003). Fission rejuvenation. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.) Personal Identity içinde (216-237. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Reid, T. (2008/1785). Of Mr. Locke’s account of personal identity. J. Perry (Ed.), Personal Identity: Second Edition içinde (113-118. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Rey, G. (1976). Survival. A. O. Rorty (Ed.) The Identities of Persons içinde (41-66. ss.), University of California Press. Robinson, D. (1985). Can ameobae divide without multiplying? Australian Journal of Philosophy, 63(3), 299-319.
  • Rorty, A. (1990). Persons and personae. Christopher Gill (Ed.), The Person and the Human Mind içinde (21-38. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Rudd, A. (2009). In defense of narrative. European Journal of Philosophy, 17(1), 60-75.
  • Schechtman, M. (1996). The constitution of selves. Cornell University Press.
  • Schechtman, M. (2014). Personal identity, Practical concern and the unity of a life. Oxford University Press. Schroer, J. W. & Schroer, R. (2014). Getting the story right: A Reductionist narrative account of personal identity. Philosophical Studies, (171), 445-469.
  • Shoemaker, S. (1970). Persons and their pasts. American Philosophical Quartetly, 7(4), 269-285.
  • Shoemaker, S. (1984). Personal identity: A Materialist account. S. Shoemaker, R. Swinburne (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (67-132. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Shoemaker, S. (2016). Thinking animals without animalism. S. Blatti, P. F. Snowdon (Ed.), Animalism içinde (128-141. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Sider, T. (1997). Four Dimensionalism. Philosophical Review, 106(2), 197-231.
  • Sider, T. (2001). Criteria of personal identity and the limits of conceptual analysis. Philosophical Perspectives, 15, 189-209.
  • Snowdon, P. F. (2014). Persons, animals, ourselves. Oxford University Press.
  • Sosa, E. (1990). Surviving matters. Noûs, 24(2), 297-322.
  • Stokes, P. (2015). The naked self: Kierkegaard and personal identity. Oxford University Press.
  • Strawson, G. (2003). The self. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (335-377. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Strawson, G. (2005). Against narrativity. G. Strawson (Ed.) The Self? içinde (63-86. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Strawson, G. (2011). Locke on personal identity: Consciousness and concernment. Princeton University Press.
  • Swinburne, R. (1984). Personal identity: The dualist theory. S. Shoemaker, R. Swinburne (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (1-67. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Swinburne, R. (2012). How to determine which is the true theory of personal identity. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (105-122. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Thomson, J. J. (2008). People and their bodies. T. Sider, J. Hawthorne, D. W. Zimmerman (Ed.), Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics içinde (155-176. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Unger, P. (1990). Identity, Consciousness and Value. Oxford University Press.
  • Wiggins, D. (1987). The person as object of science, as subject of experience, and as Locus of Value. A. Peacocke, G. Gillett (Ed.), Persons and Personality: A Contemporary Inquiry içinde (56-74. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Wilkes, K. (1988). Real people: Personal identity without thought experiments. Oxford University Press.
  • Williams, B. (1957). Personal identity and indivudiation. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 57, 229-252.

KİŞİSEL KİMLİK İÇİN KRİTER ARAYIŞI: SEZGİLERİN ÇATIŞMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 44, 169 - 190, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1179213

Abstract

Kişisel kimliğimizin sürekliliğinin nasıl sağlandığı, yani hayatımız boyunca nasıl aynı kişi olarak kaldığımız – eğer kalıyorsak – felsefenin en zorlu problemlerinden biridir. Kişisel özdeşlik problemi denilen bu zorluğun aşılması kişinin farklı zamanlardaki var oluşunu kimliğini koruyacak şekilde birbirine bağlayan zorunlu ve yeterli koşulların verilebilmesini veya bir kriterin tayin edilmesini gerektiriyor. Ancak kişisel kimliğin sürekliliğini sağladığı düşünülen kriterler genellikle güçlerini kaynağının güvenirliği hakkında açık ve net bilgilere sahip olmadığımız sezgilerimizden alıyor görünmektedir. Özellikle hayal gücünün kurguları olan düşünce deneyleri sezgilerimizi yoklayan araçlar olarak etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Böylece konu hakkındaki tartışmalar diğer felsefi problemlerde örneğini görmediğimiz derecede sezgilerin çarpıştırıldığı bir düşün ortamında yürütülmekte ve bu durum problemin özgül metafizik zorluğunun yanında metodolojik bir zayıflık olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

References

  • Baker, L. R. (2000). Persons and bodies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Baker, L. R. (2007). Persons and other things. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(5-6), 17-36.
  • Baker, L. R. (2014). Making sense of ourselves: Self-narratives and personal identity. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 7-15.
  • Boeker, R. (2021). Locke on persons and personal identity. Oxford University Press.
  • Barresi, J. & Martin, R. (2011). History as prologue: Western theories of the self. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (33-56. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Blatti, S. (2019). Animalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/animalism/
  • Butler, J. (2008/1736). Of personal identity. J. Perry (Ed.), Personal Identity: Second Edition içinde (99-105. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Chisholm, R. M. (1976). Person and object: A mtaphysical study. Open Court Publishing.
  • Dennett, D. (2013). Intuition pumps and other tools for thinking. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • DeGrazia, D. (2005). Human identity and bioethics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ehring, D. (2021). What matters in survival: Personal identity and other possibilities. Oxford University Press.
  • Foster, J. (1991). The immaerial self: A defence of the Cartesian dualist conception of mind. Routledge.
  • Frankfurt, H. (1971). Freedom of the will and the concept of a person. The Journal of Philosophy, 68(1), 5-20.
  • Gallagher, S. (2011). Introduction: A diversity of selves. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (1-29. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Gallup, G. G., Anderson, J. R., Platek, S. M. (2011). Self-recognition. S. Gallagher (Ed.), The Oxfrod Handbook of the Self içinde (80-110. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Gasser, G. & Stefan, M. (2012). Introduction. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (1-18. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Haan, E. H. F., Corbalis, P. M., Hillyard, S.A., Marzi, C. A., Seth, A., Lamme, V. A. F., Volz, L., Fabri, M., Schechter, E., Bayne, T., Corbalis, M., Pinto, Y. (2020). Split-brain: What we know now and why this is important for understanding consciousness. Neuropsychology Review, 30(5), 224-233.
  • Hummel, P. (2016). Against the complex versus simple distinction. Erkenntnis, 82(2), 363-378.
  • Kind, A. (2015). Persons and personal identity. Polity Press.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (1989). Personal identity and the unity of agency: A Kantian response to parfit. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 18(2), 101-132.
  • Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. Viking.
  • Langford, S. (2017). A defence of anti-criterialism. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 47(5), 613-630.
  • Lewis, D. (1976). Survival and identity. A. O. Rorty (Ed.), The Identities of Persons içinde (17-40. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Lindemann, H. (2001). Damaged identities, narrative repair. Cornell University Press.
  • Locke, J. (1689/1975). An essay concerning human understanding. P. H. Nidditch (Ed.), Oxford University Press.
  • Lowe, E. J. (2009). More kinds of being: A further study of individuation, identity, and the logic of sortal terms. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lowe, E. J. (2012). The probable simplicity of personal identity. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (137-155. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Martin, R. & Barresi, J. (2003). Introduction: Personal identity and what matters in survival: An historical overview. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (1-74. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Merricks, T. (1998). There are no criteria of identity over time. Noûs, 32(1), 106-124.
  • Noonan, H. W. (2003). Personal identity (Second edition). Routledge.
  • Noonan, H. W. (2019). Personal identity: The simple and complex views revisited. Disputatio, 11(52), 9-22.
  • Nozick, R. (1981). Philosophical explanations. Harvard University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (1997). The human animal: Personal identity without psychology. Oxford University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2007). What we are: A study in personal ontology. Oxford University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2012). In search of the simple view. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (44-62. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Olson, E. T. (2019). Personal identity. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition), E. N. Zalta (Ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/identity-personal/
  • Olson, E. T. & Witt, K. (2018). Narrative and persistence. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49(3), 419-434.
  • Parfit, D. (1971). Personal identity. The Philosophical Review, 80(1), 3-27.
  • Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and persons. Oxford University Press.
  • Parfit, D. (2003). Why our identity is not what matters. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (115-143. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Parfit, D. (2012). We are not human beings. Philosophy, 87(1), 5-28.
  • Perry, J. (1976). The importance of being identical. Amélie O. Rorty (Ed.), The Identities of Persons içinde (67-90. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Raymond, M. (2003). Fission rejuvenation. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.) Personal Identity içinde (216-237. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Reid, T. (2008/1785). Of Mr. Locke’s account of personal identity. J. Perry (Ed.), Personal Identity: Second Edition içinde (113-118. ss.), University of California Press.
  • Rey, G. (1976). Survival. A. O. Rorty (Ed.) The Identities of Persons içinde (41-66. ss.), University of California Press. Robinson, D. (1985). Can ameobae divide without multiplying? Australian Journal of Philosophy, 63(3), 299-319.
  • Rorty, A. (1990). Persons and personae. Christopher Gill (Ed.), The Person and the Human Mind içinde (21-38. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Rudd, A. (2009). In defense of narrative. European Journal of Philosophy, 17(1), 60-75.
  • Schechtman, M. (1996). The constitution of selves. Cornell University Press.
  • Schechtman, M. (2014). Personal identity, Practical concern and the unity of a life. Oxford University Press. Schroer, J. W. & Schroer, R. (2014). Getting the story right: A Reductionist narrative account of personal identity. Philosophical Studies, (171), 445-469.
  • Shoemaker, S. (1970). Persons and their pasts. American Philosophical Quartetly, 7(4), 269-285.
  • Shoemaker, S. (1984). Personal identity: A Materialist account. S. Shoemaker, R. Swinburne (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (67-132. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Shoemaker, S. (2016). Thinking animals without animalism. S. Blatti, P. F. Snowdon (Ed.), Animalism içinde (128-141. ss.), Oxford University Press.
  • Sider, T. (1997). Four Dimensionalism. Philosophical Review, 106(2), 197-231.
  • Sider, T. (2001). Criteria of personal identity and the limits of conceptual analysis. Philosophical Perspectives, 15, 189-209.
  • Snowdon, P. F. (2014). Persons, animals, ourselves. Oxford University Press.
  • Sosa, E. (1990). Surviving matters. Noûs, 24(2), 297-322.
  • Stokes, P. (2015). The naked self: Kierkegaard and personal identity. Oxford University Press.
  • Strawson, G. (2003). The self. R. Martin, J. Barresi (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (335-377. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Strawson, G. (2005). Against narrativity. G. Strawson (Ed.) The Self? içinde (63-86. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Strawson, G. (2011). Locke on personal identity: Consciousness and concernment. Princeton University Press.
  • Swinburne, R. (1984). Personal identity: The dualist theory. S. Shoemaker, R. Swinburne (Ed.), Personal Identity içinde (1-67. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Swinburne, R. (2012). How to determine which is the true theory of personal identity. G. Gasser, M. Stefan (Ed.), Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? içinde (105-122. ss.), Cambridge University Press.
  • Thomson, J. J. (2008). People and their bodies. T. Sider, J. Hawthorne, D. W. Zimmerman (Ed.), Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics içinde (155-176. ss.), Blackwell Publishing.
  • Unger, P. (1990). Identity, Consciousness and Value. Oxford University Press.
  • Wiggins, D. (1987). The person as object of science, as subject of experience, and as Locus of Value. A. Peacocke, G. Gillett (Ed.), Persons and Personality: A Contemporary Inquiry içinde (56-74. ss.), Blackwell.
  • Wilkes, K. (1988). Real people: Personal identity without thought experiments. Oxford University Press.
  • Williams, B. (1957). Personal identity and indivudiation. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 57, 229-252.
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Onur 0000-0001-7052-2881

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 44

Cite

APA Onur, F. (2023). KİŞİSEL KİMLİK İÇİN KRİTER ARAYIŞI: SEZGİLERİN ÇATIŞMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(44), 169-190. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1179213