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EVRENSEL TEMEL GELİR VE TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ANALİZLER

Year 2021, , 623 - 659, 29.03.2022

Faruk Kahvecioğlu Umut Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1094359

Abstract

Çalışmanın temel konusu, Evrensel Temel Gelir (ETG) modelini kavramsal bir çerçevede değerlendirmek ve ETG’nin Türkiye’de uygulanabilirliğini mali açıdan tartışmaktır. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemisi ve artan gelir eşitsizliği birçok ülkede ETG’ye olan ilginin artmasına ve ETG’nin hayata geçirilme tartışmalarının başlamasına yol açmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’nin mevcut ekonomik koşulları dikkate alındığında, ETG’nin kısa dönemde Türkiye’de uygulanması pek mümkün görülmemektedir. Ancak, temel makroekonomik göstergelerde sağlanacak kalıcı iyileşme ve kamunun ciddi tasarruf tedbirleri ile birlikte uzun dönemde bir ETG desteği Türkiye’de uygulanabilir. Evrensel Temel Gelir desteği sayesinde gelir dağılımının iyileştirilmesi ve yoksulluğun azaltılması hedefleniyor ise, Türk vergi sistemine ilişkin yapısal sorunların çözüme kavuşturulması da, bu bağlamda oldukça önemlidir.

Keywords

Evrensel temel gelir gelir dağılımı Türk vergi sistemi

References

  • Ackerman, Bruce A., Alstott, A., Parijs, P. van ve Wright, E. O. (2006). Redesigning distribution: Basic income and stakeholder grants as alternative cornerstones for a more egalitarian capitalism. The Real Utopias Project. London :New York: Verso.
  • Atkinson, A. B. (1996). The case for a participation ıncome. The Political Quarterly. 67(1). 67-70. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1996.tb01568.x
  • Clark, T. G. (2014, 15 Ağustos). Universal Basic Income vs the current welfare system. [https://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.com/2014/08/universal-basic-income-sanctions.htm]. (Erişim: 2.Eylül 2020)
  • Çiçek, U. ve Uğur, K. (2019). Türkiye ile AB Ülkelerinin Dolaylı – Dolaysız Vergiler Açısından Karşılaştırması, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi. Cilt: 10 (Sayı: 24). 290-310.
  • Devarajan, S., Giugale, M. M., Ehrhart, H., Le, T. M. ve Nguyen, H. M. (2013). The case for direct transfers of resource revenues in africa. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2364568 Durmuş, M. (2021). Servet vergisi neden ve nasıl alınmalı? [https://t24.com.tr/yazarlar/mustafa-durmus/servet-vergisi-neden-ve-nasil-alinmali-8-halk-vergi-yuku-altinda-eziliyor-vergi-rekortmenleri-isimlerini-gizliyor,29714].(Erişim: 03 Nisan 2021)
  • Elçin, A. Bora (2012). Küreselleşmenin Tarihçesi, [http://www.meritymm.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/kuresellesme.pdf]. (Erişim: 24 Nisan 2021).
  • Emin E. (2018). Küresel Adaletsizlik, Dünya Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Raporu. İNSAMER. Araştırma No:83. 1-34.
  • Erçakar, M. E. ve Güvenoğlu, H. (2018). Türkiye’de Gelir Dağılımı Ve Sosyal Koruma Harcamalarına Bir Bakış. [http://acikerisim.nku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.11776/2795]. (Erişim: 05 Aralık 2020)
  • Fitzpatrick, T. (1999). Freedom and security: an ıntroduction to the basic ıncome debate. (j. campling, ed.). Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/9780333983287
  • Ford, M. (2016). Rise of the robots: Technology and the threat of a jobless future (First paperback edition.). New York: Basic Books.
  • Gentilini, U., Grosh, M., Rigolini, J. ve Yemtsov, R. (Ed.). (2020). Exploring universal basic income: a guide to navigating concepts, evidence, and practices. Washington: World Bank Group. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7_ch1
  • Gök, M., Yalçın, A. Z. (2015). Türkiye'de asgari ücretliler üzerindeki vergi yükünün diğer yükümlü gruplarınki ile karşılaştırılması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER580, s. 219-255.
  • Gray, A. (2017). Behavioural Effects of a Citizen’s Income on wages, job security and labour supply, in Citizens Income Trust Newsletter, issue 2 2017. [ https://citizensincome.org/publications/]. (Erişim: 22 Şubat 2021)
  • Guerriero, M., Valencia Lopez, E., Zheng, Y. ve Haverman, P. (2017). Universal Basic Income. UNDP, [https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w25598/w25598.pdf]. (Erişim 17 Nisan 2021)
  • Hudáková, V. (2015). The Impact of a Basic Income on Labour Supply and Work Performance. [https://edepot.wur.nl/373885]. ( Erişim: 27Mayıs 202)
  • Immervoll H.& O'Donoghue C. (2003). Welfare Benefits and Work Incentives. An Analysis of the Distribution of Net Replacement Rates in Europe using EUROMOD, a Multi- Country Microsimulation Model. Labor and Demography 0302001. University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Marinescu, I. (2018). No strings attached: the behavioral effects of u.s. unconditional cash transfer programs. National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w24337
  • Moffitt, R. A. (2003). The Negative Income Tax and the Evolution of U.S. Welfare Policy (Working Paper No: 9751). National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w9751
  • Ortiz, I., Behrendt, C., Acuña-Ulate, A. ve Anh, N. Q. (2018). Universal basic ıncome proposals in light of ILO standards: key ıssues and global costing. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3208737
  • Öncel, T. (2012). Gelirin Yeniden Dağılım Politikası Aracı Olarak Negatif Gelir Vergisi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları, (28), 1-14.
  • Parijs, P. van (Ed.). (1992). Arguing for basic income: Ethical foundations for a radical reform. London : New York: Verso.
  • Parijs, P. van ve Vanderborght, Y. (2017). Basic income: A radical proposal for a free society and a sane economy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Pateman, C. (2004). Democratizing citizenship: some advantages of a basic ıncome. Politics & Society. 32(1). 89-105. doi:10.1177/0032329203261100
  • Pereira, R. (2015). Universal Basic Income and the Cost Objection: What are we Waiting For? World Economic Review. World Economics Association. 2015(5).
  • Prochazka, T. (t.y.). Will basic income cause inflation? | BIEN — Basic Income Earth Network. [https://basicincome.org/news/2016/11/will-basic-income-cause-inflation/].(Erişim:,09 Şubat 2021)
  • Rasoolinejad, M. (2019). Universal Basic Income: The Last Bullet in the Darkness. ArXiv:1910.05658 [econ, q-fin]. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05658} (Erişim: 26 Şuabt 2021)
  • Ravallion, M. (2016). The Economics of Poverty: History, Measurement, and Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ravallion, M. (2019). Guaranteed employment or guaranteed income?. World Development. 115. 209-221. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.013
  • Robeyns, I. (2000). Hush money or emancipation fee? : A gender analysis of basic income. Basic income on the agenda: Policy objectives and political chances ; (Seventh International Congress of the Basis Income European Network). Amsterdam, Amsterdam Univ. Press. 121-136.
  • Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Business.
  • Sheahen, A. (2012). Basic income guarantee: your right to economic security. exploring the basic income guarantee. doi:10.1057/9781137031594
  • Srnicek, N. ve Williams, A. (2016). Inventing the future: Postcapitalism and a world without work (Revised and updated edition.). London. Verso.
  • Standing, G. (2017). Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen. London: Pelican.
  • Standing, G. (2011). Responding to the crisis: economic stabilisation grants. policy & politics
  • : 9–25. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557311X546389
  • Stern, A. ve Kravitz, L. (2016). Raising the floor: How a universal basic income can renew our economy and rebuild the American dream (First edition.). New York: Public Affairs.
  • Taş, B. (2001). Kurumlar Vergisi Oran Artışını Kim İstiyor? [https://vergialgi.net/kurumlar-vergisi-oran-artisini-kim-istiyor.]. (Erişim: 22 Nisan 2021)
  • Tondani, D. (2009). Universal basic ıncome and negative ıncome tax: two different ways of thinking redistribution. the journal of socio-economics. 38(2). 246-255. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2008.10.006
  • Vanderborght, Y. (2006). Why trade unions oppose basic ıncome. Basic Income Studies. 1(1). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1002
  • Wispelaere, J. ve Stirton, L. (2004). The many faces of universal basic ıncome. The Political Quarterly. 75. 266-274. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2004.00611.x
  • Diğer Internet Adresleri https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/ https://data.oecd.org/ https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ https://data.worldbank.org/ https://stats.oecd.org/ https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/ https://usbig.net/ https://vergialgi.net/ https://www.gib.gov.tr/ https://www.indexmundi.com https://www.nufusu.com/ http://www.sgk.gov.tr/ http://www.turkis.org.tr/ https://www.worldbank.org/

Year 2021, , 623 - 659, 29.03.2022

Faruk Kahvecioğlu Umut Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1094359

Abstract

References

  • Ackerman, Bruce A., Alstott, A., Parijs, P. van ve Wright, E. O. (2006). Redesigning distribution: Basic income and stakeholder grants as alternative cornerstones for a more egalitarian capitalism. The Real Utopias Project. London :New York: Verso.
  • Atkinson, A. B. (1996). The case for a participation ıncome. The Political Quarterly. 67(1). 67-70. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1996.tb01568.x
  • Clark, T. G. (2014, 15 Ağustos). Universal Basic Income vs the current welfare system. [https://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.com/2014/08/universal-basic-income-sanctions.htm]. (Erişim: 2.Eylül 2020)
  • Çiçek, U. ve Uğur, K. (2019). Türkiye ile AB Ülkelerinin Dolaylı – Dolaysız Vergiler Açısından Karşılaştırması, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi. Cilt: 10 (Sayı: 24). 290-310.
  • Devarajan, S., Giugale, M. M., Ehrhart, H., Le, T. M. ve Nguyen, H. M. (2013). The case for direct transfers of resource revenues in africa. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2364568 Durmuş, M. (2021). Servet vergisi neden ve nasıl alınmalı? [https://t24.com.tr/yazarlar/mustafa-durmus/servet-vergisi-neden-ve-nasil-alinmali-8-halk-vergi-yuku-altinda-eziliyor-vergi-rekortmenleri-isimlerini-gizliyor,29714].(Erişim: 03 Nisan 2021)
  • Elçin, A. Bora (2012). Küreselleşmenin Tarihçesi, [http://www.meritymm.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/kuresellesme.pdf]. (Erişim: 24 Nisan 2021).
  • Emin E. (2018). Küresel Adaletsizlik, Dünya Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Raporu. İNSAMER. Araştırma No:83. 1-34.
  • Erçakar, M. E. ve Güvenoğlu, H. (2018). Türkiye’de Gelir Dağılımı Ve Sosyal Koruma Harcamalarına Bir Bakış. [http://acikerisim.nku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.11776/2795]. (Erişim: 05 Aralık 2020)
  • Fitzpatrick, T. (1999). Freedom and security: an ıntroduction to the basic ıncome debate. (j. campling, ed.). Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/9780333983287
  • Ford, M. (2016). Rise of the robots: Technology and the threat of a jobless future (First paperback edition.). New York: Basic Books.
  • Gentilini, U., Grosh, M., Rigolini, J. ve Yemtsov, R. (Ed.). (2020). Exploring universal basic income: a guide to navigating concepts, evidence, and practices. Washington: World Bank Group. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7_ch1
  • Gök, M., Yalçın, A. Z. (2015). Türkiye'de asgari ücretliler üzerindeki vergi yükünün diğer yükümlü gruplarınki ile karşılaştırılması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER580, s. 219-255.
  • Gray, A. (2017). Behavioural Effects of a Citizen’s Income on wages, job security and labour supply, in Citizens Income Trust Newsletter, issue 2 2017. [ https://citizensincome.org/publications/]. (Erişim: 22 Şubat 2021)
  • Guerriero, M., Valencia Lopez, E., Zheng, Y. ve Haverman, P. (2017). Universal Basic Income. UNDP, [https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w25598/w25598.pdf]. (Erişim 17 Nisan 2021)
  • Hudáková, V. (2015). The Impact of a Basic Income on Labour Supply and Work Performance. [https://edepot.wur.nl/373885]. ( Erişim: 27Mayıs 202)
  • Immervoll H.& O'Donoghue C. (2003). Welfare Benefits and Work Incentives. An Analysis of the Distribution of Net Replacement Rates in Europe using EUROMOD, a Multi- Country Microsimulation Model. Labor and Demography 0302001. University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Marinescu, I. (2018). No strings attached: the behavioral effects of u.s. unconditional cash transfer programs. National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w24337
  • Moffitt, R. A. (2003). The Negative Income Tax and the Evolution of U.S. Welfare Policy (Working Paper No: 9751). National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w9751
  • Ortiz, I., Behrendt, C., Acuña-Ulate, A. ve Anh, N. Q. (2018). Universal basic ıncome proposals in light of ILO standards: key ıssues and global costing. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3208737
  • Öncel, T. (2012). Gelirin Yeniden Dağılım Politikası Aracı Olarak Negatif Gelir Vergisi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları, (28), 1-14.
  • Parijs, P. van (Ed.). (1992). Arguing for basic income: Ethical foundations for a radical reform. London : New York: Verso.
  • Parijs, P. van ve Vanderborght, Y. (2017). Basic income: A radical proposal for a free society and a sane economy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Pateman, C. (2004). Democratizing citizenship: some advantages of a basic ıncome. Politics & Society. 32(1). 89-105. doi:10.1177/0032329203261100
  • Pereira, R. (2015). Universal Basic Income and the Cost Objection: What are we Waiting For? World Economic Review. World Economics Association. 2015(5).
  • Prochazka, T. (t.y.). Will basic income cause inflation? | BIEN — Basic Income Earth Network. [https://basicincome.org/news/2016/11/will-basic-income-cause-inflation/].(Erişim:,09 Şubat 2021)
  • Rasoolinejad, M. (2019). Universal Basic Income: The Last Bullet in the Darkness. ArXiv:1910.05658 [econ, q-fin]. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05658} (Erişim: 26 Şuabt 2021)
  • Ravallion, M. (2016). The Economics of Poverty: History, Measurement, and Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ravallion, M. (2019). Guaranteed employment or guaranteed income?. World Development. 115. 209-221. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.013
  • Robeyns, I. (2000). Hush money or emancipation fee? : A gender analysis of basic income. Basic income on the agenda: Policy objectives and political chances ; (Seventh International Congress of the Basis Income European Network). Amsterdam, Amsterdam Univ. Press. 121-136.
  • Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Business.
  • Sheahen, A. (2012). Basic income guarantee: your right to economic security. exploring the basic income guarantee. doi:10.1057/9781137031594
  • Srnicek, N. ve Williams, A. (2016). Inventing the future: Postcapitalism and a world without work (Revised and updated edition.). London. Verso.
  • Standing, G. (2017). Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen. London: Pelican.
  • Standing, G. (2011). Responding to the crisis: economic stabilisation grants. policy & politics
  • : 9–25. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557311X546389
  • Stern, A. ve Kravitz, L. (2016). Raising the floor: How a universal basic income can renew our economy and rebuild the American dream (First edition.). New York: Public Affairs.
  • Taş, B. (2001). Kurumlar Vergisi Oran Artışını Kim İstiyor? [https://vergialgi.net/kurumlar-vergisi-oran-artisini-kim-istiyor.]. (Erişim: 22 Nisan 2021)
  • Tondani, D. (2009). Universal basic ıncome and negative ıncome tax: two different ways of thinking redistribution. the journal of socio-economics. 38(2). 246-255. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2008.10.006
  • Vanderborght, Y. (2006). Why trade unions oppose basic ıncome. Basic Income Studies. 1(1). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1002
  • Wispelaere, J. ve Stirton, L. (2004). The many faces of universal basic ıncome. The Political Quarterly. 75. 266-274. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2004.00611.x
  • Diğer Internet Adresleri https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/ https://data.oecd.org/ https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ https://data.worldbank.org/ https://stats.oecd.org/ https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/ https://usbig.net/ https://vergialgi.net/ https://www.gib.gov.tr/ https://www.indexmundi.com https://www.nufusu.com/ http://www.sgk.gov.tr/ http://www.turkis.org.tr/ https://www.worldbank.org/
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Labor Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Faruk Kahvecioğlu This is me 0000-0003-1100-5926

Umut Çakmak This is me 0000-0003-4307-4264

Publication Date March 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Kahvecioğlu, F., & Çakmak, U. (2022). EVRENSEL TEMEL GELİR VE TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ANALİZLER. Sosyal Güvence(20), 623-659. https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1094359