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Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya'nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Year 2005, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 73 - 102, 01.12.2005

Abstract

Dünya ticaret artış hızının üretimden büyük olması, uluslararası rekabetin hızla artmasına ve gerek firma gerekse ülke bazında rekabet gücü tartışmasının giderek daha sık gündemde kalmasına neden olmuştur. Rekabet gücüne ilişkin tartışmalar çok boyutlu bir yapıda gelişirken, çeşitli kurumlar ülkelerin makro ekonomik ve sosyal göstergelerini baz alarak yıllık rekabet gücü sıralamaları yayınlamaktadır. Söz konusu sıralamalara bakıldığında Türkiye’nin başlıca rakiplerinin Merkezi ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumu dikkate alan çalışmada, sektörel rekabet gücü ve dış ticaret yapıları açısından Türkiye ile Mayıs 2004’de Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya, sektörel rekabet gücü ve dış ticaret yapıları bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir.

References

  • Akgüngör, S., Barbaros, R. F., Kumral, N. (2002), “Competitiveness of the Turkish Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry in the Euroepan Union Market”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, Vol. 38, No. 3, May-June, 34-53.
  • Aktan, C. (2005), Rekabet Gücü Kavramı, http://www.canaktan.org/yeni-trendler/yeni-rekabet/anasayfa-rekabet.htm, (Erişim: 15.08.2005).
  • Balassa, B. (1962),Recent Developments in the Competitiveness of American Industry and Prospects for the Future, içinde Factors Affecting The United States Balance of Payments, US Joint Economic Committee, Subcommittee on International Exchange and Payments, Congress of The United States. USGPO, Washington, 27–54.
  • Balassa, B. (1965), Trade Liberalisation and ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economic and social Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, May, 99-123.
  • Ballence, R., Forstner, H. ve Murray, T. (1985), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Note on Bowen’s Indices, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:121, 346-350.
  • Ballence, R. Forstner, H. ve Murray, T. (1986), More on Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Reply, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:122, 375-378.
  • Bowen, H. P. (1983), On the Theoretical Interpretation of Indices of Trade Intensity and Revealed Comparative Advantage, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:119, 464-472.
  • Bowen, H.P. (1985), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Reply and Extension, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:121, 351-354.
  • Bowen, H.P. (1986), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: Further Comments,, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:122, 379-381.
  • Chesnais, F. ve Michon-Savarit, C. (1980), “Some Observations on Alternative Approaches to the Analysis of International Competitiveness and the Role of Technology Factor”, STIC/80.41, OECD.
  • Donges, J. vd. (1982),” The Second Enlargment of the Community”, Kieler Studien 171.
  • DPT, Temel Ekonomik Göstergeler, http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/tg/, (Erişim: 26.09.2005).
  • European Commission (2004), External and Intra-European Union Trade Statistical Yearbook, Data 1958-2003, Luksembourg.
  • Fagerberg, J. (1996), “International Competitiveness”, Economic Journal, Vol. 98, 355.
  • Ferman, M., Akgüngör, S., Yüksel, A. H. (2004), Türkiye’nin İhracat Rekabet Gücü ve Sürdürülebilirliği, içinde 2004 Türkiye İktisat Kongresi Tebliğ Sunuşları: Gelişme Stratejileri ve Makroekonomik Politikalar, DPT, İzmir, 5-9 Mayıs, 1-29.
  • Francis, A. (1989), “The Concepts of Competitiveness” içinde The Competitiveness of European Industry: Country Policies and Company Strategies, (Der: Francis, A. ve Tharakan, P. K. M.), Routledge, London-New York.
  • Godin, B. (2004a), “The New Economy: What the Concept Owes to the OECD”, Research Policy, 33, 679–690.
  • Godin, B. (2004b), “The Obsession for Competitiveness and Its Impact on Statistics: The Construction of High-Technology Indicators”, Research Policy, Vol. 33, Issue 8, October 2004, 1217-1229.
  • Heidensohn, K., Hibbert, E. P. (1997), “A Sectoral Analysis of Europe’s International Competitiveness”, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 7 (2), 25-37.
  • Hillman, A. L. (1980), “Observations on The Relation Between ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage’ and Comparative Advantage as Indicated by Pre-trade Relative Prices”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 116, 315-321.
  • Hirsch, S. (1967), Location of Industry and International Competitiveness, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Hufbauer, G. C. ve Chilas, J. C. (1974), “Specialization by Industrial Countries: Extent and Consequence” içinde The International Division of Labour: Problems and Perspectives, International Symposium, (Ed: Giersch, H.), J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen, Germany, 3-38.
  • IMD-International Institute for Management Development (2005), The World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2005, http://www01.imd.ch/documents/wcc/content/overallgraph.pdf, (Erişim: 27.08.2005).
  • Jakab, Z. M., Kovacs, M. A., Oszlay, A. (2001), “How Far Has Trade Integration Advanced?: An Analysis of the Actual and Potential Trade of Three Central and Eastern European Countries”, Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 29, 276-292.
  • Kaldor, N. (1978), The Effect on Devaluations on Trade in Manufactures, içinde Further Essays on Applied Economics, London, Duckworth, 99-118.
  • Karakaya, E. ve Özgen, F. B. (2002), “Economic Feasibility of Turkey’s Economic Integration with the EU: Perspectives from Trade Creation and Trade Diversion”, ODTÜ 6. Uluslararası İktisat Kongresi’nde Sunulan Çalışma, 11-14 Eylül 2002, Ankara.
  • Kelly, R. K. (1976),” Alternative Measurements of Technology-Intensive Trade”, Office of International Economic Research, Department of Commerce.
  • Kibritçioğlu, A. (1996), “Uluslararası Rekabet Gücüne Kavramsal Bir Yaklaşım”, Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Verimlilik Dergisi, 96/3., Revize versiyonu: http://dialup.ankara.edu.tr/~kibritci/ulregu.pdf, (Erişim: 02.09.2005).
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2000), “An Analysis of the Structure & Determinants of Turkey-EU Trade”, University of Kent at Canterbury, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 168.
  • Krugman, P. (1980), “Scale Economies, Product Differentiation and the Pattern of Trade”, American Economic Review, Vol. 70, 950-959.
  • Krugman, P. R. (1996), Pop Internationalism, The MIT Press, USA.
  • Kurth, W. (1992), “Technology and Shifting Comparative Advantage”, OECD STI Review,No 10,8-47.
  • Küçükahmetoğlu, O. (1996), “Gümrük Birliği ve Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü”, Gümrük Dergisi, Aralık, 24-47.
  • Lafay, G. (1992), “The Measurement of Revealed Comparative Advantages”, içinde International Trade Modelling, (Ed: Dagenais, M. G. ve Muet, P. A.), Chapman & Hall, London, 209-234.
  • Lankhuizen, M. (2000), “Shifts in Foreign Trade, Competitiveness and Growth Potential: From Baltics to ‘Bal-techs’?”, Research Policy, Vol. 29, 9-29.
  • Lee, J. (1995), Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing as a Determinant of Industrialization: The Korean Case, World Development, Vol. 23, No. 7, July, 1195-1214.
  • Lundberg, L. (1988), “Technology, Factor Proportions and Competitiveness”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 90/2, 173-188.
  • McCombie, J. S. L. ve Thirlwall, A. P. (1994), Economic Growth and the Balance of Payments Constraint, St. Martin’s Press.
  • National Competitiveness Council, Annual Competitiveness Report 2001, http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_annual_01/approach.htm#2, (Erişim: 27.08.2005).
  • Nilsson, L. (2000), “Trade Integration and the EU Economic Membership Criteria”, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16, 807-827.
  • Porter, M. (1990), The Competitive Advantages of Nations, The Free Press, New York.
  • Radikal, “Otomotiv Tam Gaz”, 4 Ekim 2005, http://www.radikal.com.tr, (05.10.2005).
  • Rodas-Martini, P. (1998), Intra-Industry Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage in the Central American Common Market, World Development, Vol. 26, No. 2, 337-344.
  • Soğuk, H. ve Uyanusta, E. (2004), Gümrük Birliği’nin Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkileri, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Yayınları, No: 179, İstanbul, 11-14.
  • Turner, A. G. ve Golub, S. S. (1997), “Towards a System of Multilateral Unit Labor Cost-Based Competitiveness Indicators for Advanced, Developing, and Transition Countries.”, IMF Working Paper, WP/97/151. November.
  • United Nations Statistics Division-Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), SITC. Rev-3 Verileri, http://unstats.un.org, (06.08.2005).
  • WEF-World Economic Forum (2004), Growth Competitiveness Index Rankings and 2003 Comparison, http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Gcr/Growth_Competitiveness_Index_2003_Comparisons, ( 11.08.2005).
  • World Bank (2005), World Development Indicators, http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/, ( 05.10.2005).
  • World Trade Organization (2004), International Trade Statistics 2004, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2004_e/its2004_e.pdf, (Erişim: 13.08.2005).
  • Wu, H-L. ve Chen, C-H. (2004), “Changes in the Foreign Market Competitiveness of East Asian Exports”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 34, No. 4, 503-522.
  • Yeats, A. J. (1985), On The Appropriate Interpretation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: Implications of a Methodology Based Industry Sector Analysis, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 121, 61-73.
  • Yetkin, M. N. (1998), “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Değerlendirilmesi”, Dış Ticaret Dergisi, Özel Sayı, Ekim, 89-90.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2002), “Turkey’s Competitiveness in the European Union”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, Vol.38, No. 3, May-June, 54-72.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2003), Turkey’s Competitiveness in the European Union: A Comparison with Five Candidate Countries-Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania - And The EU15, Ezoneplus Working Paper, No. 12, February, www.ezoneplus.org, ( 15.08.2005).
  • Yılmaz, B. ve Ergun, S. (2003), “The Foreign Trade pattern and Foreign Trade Specialization of Candidates of the European Union”, Ezoneplus Working Paper, No. 19, September, www.ezoneplus.org, (Erişim: 15.08.2005).
  • Yue, C. ve Hua, P. (2002), “Does Comparative Advantage Explains Export Patterns in China”, China Economic Review, Vol. 13, 279-296.

Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya'nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Year 2005, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 73 - 102, 01.12.2005

Abstract

Dünya ticaret artış hızının üretimden büyük olması, uluslararası rekabetin hızla artmasına ve gerek firma gerekse ülke bazında rekabet gücü tartışmasının giderek daha sık gündemde kalmasına neden olmuştur. Rekabet gücüne ilişkin tartışmalar çok boyutlu bir yapıda gelişirken, çeşitli kurumlar ülkelerin makro ekonomik ve sosyal göstergelerini baz alarak yıllık rekabet gücü sıralamaları yayınlamaktadır. Söz konusu sıralamalara bakıldığında Türkiye’nin başlıca rakiplerinin Merkezi ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumu dikkate alan çalışmada, sektörel rekabet gücü ve dış ticaret yapıları açısından Türkiye ile Mayıs 2004’de Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya, sektörel rekabet gücü ve dış ticaret yapıları bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir.

References

  • Akgüngör, S., Barbaros, R. F., Kumral, N. (2002), “Competitiveness of the Turkish Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry in the Euroepan Union Market”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, Vol. 38, No. 3, May-June, 34-53.
  • Aktan, C. (2005), Rekabet Gücü Kavramı, http://www.canaktan.org/yeni-trendler/yeni-rekabet/anasayfa-rekabet.htm, (Erişim: 15.08.2005).
  • Balassa, B. (1962),Recent Developments in the Competitiveness of American Industry and Prospects for the Future, içinde Factors Affecting The United States Balance of Payments, US Joint Economic Committee, Subcommittee on International Exchange and Payments, Congress of The United States. USGPO, Washington, 27–54.
  • Balassa, B. (1965), Trade Liberalisation and ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economic and social Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, May, 99-123.
  • Ballence, R., Forstner, H. ve Murray, T. (1985), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Note on Bowen’s Indices, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:121, 346-350.
  • Ballence, R. Forstner, H. ve Murray, T. (1986), More on Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Reply, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:122, 375-378.
  • Bowen, H. P. (1983), On the Theoretical Interpretation of Indices of Trade Intensity and Revealed Comparative Advantage, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:119, 464-472.
  • Bowen, H.P. (1985), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: A Reply and Extension, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:121, 351-354.
  • Bowen, H.P. (1986), On Measuring Comparative Advantage: Further Comments,, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol:122, 379-381.
  • Chesnais, F. ve Michon-Savarit, C. (1980), “Some Observations on Alternative Approaches to the Analysis of International Competitiveness and the Role of Technology Factor”, STIC/80.41, OECD.
  • Donges, J. vd. (1982),” The Second Enlargment of the Community”, Kieler Studien 171.
  • DPT, Temel Ekonomik Göstergeler, http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/tg/, (Erişim: 26.09.2005).
  • European Commission (2004), External and Intra-European Union Trade Statistical Yearbook, Data 1958-2003, Luksembourg.
  • Fagerberg, J. (1996), “International Competitiveness”, Economic Journal, Vol. 98, 355.
  • Ferman, M., Akgüngör, S., Yüksel, A. H. (2004), Türkiye’nin İhracat Rekabet Gücü ve Sürdürülebilirliği, içinde 2004 Türkiye İktisat Kongresi Tebliğ Sunuşları: Gelişme Stratejileri ve Makroekonomik Politikalar, DPT, İzmir, 5-9 Mayıs, 1-29.
  • Francis, A. (1989), “The Concepts of Competitiveness” içinde The Competitiveness of European Industry: Country Policies and Company Strategies, (Der: Francis, A. ve Tharakan, P. K. M.), Routledge, London-New York.
  • Godin, B. (2004a), “The New Economy: What the Concept Owes to the OECD”, Research Policy, 33, 679–690.
  • Godin, B. (2004b), “The Obsession for Competitiveness and Its Impact on Statistics: The Construction of High-Technology Indicators”, Research Policy, Vol. 33, Issue 8, October 2004, 1217-1229.
  • Heidensohn, K., Hibbert, E. P. (1997), “A Sectoral Analysis of Europe’s International Competitiveness”, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 7 (2), 25-37.
  • Hillman, A. L. (1980), “Observations on The Relation Between ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage’ and Comparative Advantage as Indicated by Pre-trade Relative Prices”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 116, 315-321.
  • Hirsch, S. (1967), Location of Industry and International Competitiveness, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Hufbauer, G. C. ve Chilas, J. C. (1974), “Specialization by Industrial Countries: Extent and Consequence” içinde The International Division of Labour: Problems and Perspectives, International Symposium, (Ed: Giersch, H.), J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen, Germany, 3-38.
  • IMD-International Institute for Management Development (2005), The World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2005, http://www01.imd.ch/documents/wcc/content/overallgraph.pdf, (Erişim: 27.08.2005).
  • Jakab, Z. M., Kovacs, M. A., Oszlay, A. (2001), “How Far Has Trade Integration Advanced?: An Analysis of the Actual and Potential Trade of Three Central and Eastern European Countries”, Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 29, 276-292.
  • Kaldor, N. (1978), The Effect on Devaluations on Trade in Manufactures, içinde Further Essays on Applied Economics, London, Duckworth, 99-118.
  • Karakaya, E. ve Özgen, F. B. (2002), “Economic Feasibility of Turkey’s Economic Integration with the EU: Perspectives from Trade Creation and Trade Diversion”, ODTÜ 6. Uluslararası İktisat Kongresi’nde Sunulan Çalışma, 11-14 Eylül 2002, Ankara.
  • Kelly, R. K. (1976),” Alternative Measurements of Technology-Intensive Trade”, Office of International Economic Research, Department of Commerce.
  • Kibritçioğlu, A. (1996), “Uluslararası Rekabet Gücüne Kavramsal Bir Yaklaşım”, Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Verimlilik Dergisi, 96/3., Revize versiyonu: http://dialup.ankara.edu.tr/~kibritci/ulregu.pdf, (Erişim: 02.09.2005).
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2000), “An Analysis of the Structure & Determinants of Turkey-EU Trade”, University of Kent at Canterbury, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 168.
  • Krugman, P. (1980), “Scale Economies, Product Differentiation and the Pattern of Trade”, American Economic Review, Vol. 70, 950-959.
  • Krugman, P. R. (1996), Pop Internationalism, The MIT Press, USA.
  • Kurth, W. (1992), “Technology and Shifting Comparative Advantage”, OECD STI Review,No 10,8-47.
  • Küçükahmetoğlu, O. (1996), “Gümrük Birliği ve Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü”, Gümrük Dergisi, Aralık, 24-47.
  • Lafay, G. (1992), “The Measurement of Revealed Comparative Advantages”, içinde International Trade Modelling, (Ed: Dagenais, M. G. ve Muet, P. A.), Chapman & Hall, London, 209-234.
  • Lankhuizen, M. (2000), “Shifts in Foreign Trade, Competitiveness and Growth Potential: From Baltics to ‘Bal-techs’?”, Research Policy, Vol. 29, 9-29.
  • Lee, J. (1995), Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing as a Determinant of Industrialization: The Korean Case, World Development, Vol. 23, No. 7, July, 1195-1214.
  • Lundberg, L. (1988), “Technology, Factor Proportions and Competitiveness”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 90/2, 173-188.
  • McCombie, J. S. L. ve Thirlwall, A. P. (1994), Economic Growth and the Balance of Payments Constraint, St. Martin’s Press.
  • National Competitiveness Council, Annual Competitiveness Report 2001, http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_annual_01/approach.htm#2, (Erişim: 27.08.2005).
  • Nilsson, L. (2000), “Trade Integration and the EU Economic Membership Criteria”, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16, 807-827.
  • Porter, M. (1990), The Competitive Advantages of Nations, The Free Press, New York.
  • Radikal, “Otomotiv Tam Gaz”, 4 Ekim 2005, http://www.radikal.com.tr, (05.10.2005).
  • Rodas-Martini, P. (1998), Intra-Industry Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage in the Central American Common Market, World Development, Vol. 26, No. 2, 337-344.
  • Soğuk, H. ve Uyanusta, E. (2004), Gümrük Birliği’nin Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkileri, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Yayınları, No: 179, İstanbul, 11-14.
  • Turner, A. G. ve Golub, S. S. (1997), “Towards a System of Multilateral Unit Labor Cost-Based Competitiveness Indicators for Advanced, Developing, and Transition Countries.”, IMF Working Paper, WP/97/151. November.
  • United Nations Statistics Division-Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), SITC. Rev-3 Verileri, http://unstats.un.org, (06.08.2005).
  • WEF-World Economic Forum (2004), Growth Competitiveness Index Rankings and 2003 Comparison, http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Gcr/Growth_Competitiveness_Index_2003_Comparisons, ( 11.08.2005).
  • World Bank (2005), World Development Indicators, http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/, ( 05.10.2005).
  • World Trade Organization (2004), International Trade Statistics 2004, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2004_e/its2004_e.pdf, (Erişim: 13.08.2005).
  • Wu, H-L. ve Chen, C-H. (2004), “Changes in the Foreign Market Competitiveness of East Asian Exports”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 34, No. 4, 503-522.
  • Yeats, A. J. (1985), On The Appropriate Interpretation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: Implications of a Methodology Based Industry Sector Analysis, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 121, 61-73.
  • Yetkin, M. N. (1998), “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Değerlendirilmesi”, Dış Ticaret Dergisi, Özel Sayı, Ekim, 89-90.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2002), “Turkey’s Competitiveness in the European Union”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, Vol.38, No. 3, May-June, 54-72.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2003), Turkey’s Competitiveness in the European Union: A Comparison with Five Candidate Countries-Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania - And The EU15, Ezoneplus Working Paper, No. 12, February, www.ezoneplus.org, ( 15.08.2005).
  • Yılmaz, B. ve Ergun, S. (2003), “The Foreign Trade pattern and Foreign Trade Specialization of Candidates of the European Union”, Ezoneplus Working Paper, No. 19, September, www.ezoneplus.org, (Erişim: 15.08.2005).
  • Yue, C. ve Hua, P. (2002), “Does Comparative Advantage Explains Export Patterns in China”, China Economic Review, Vol. 13, 279-296.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Levent Kösekahyaoğlu This is me

Gökhan Özdamar

Publication Date December 1, 2005
Submission Date December 12, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kösekahyaoğlu, L., & Özdamar, G. (2005). Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Sosyoekonomi, 2(2), 73-102.
AMA Kösekahyaoğlu L, Özdamar G. Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Sosyoekonomi. December 2005;2(2):73-102.
Chicago Kösekahyaoğlu, Levent, and Gökhan Özdamar. “Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya Ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü Ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Sosyoekonomi 2, no. 2 (December 2005): 73-102.
EndNote Kösekahyaoğlu L, Özdamar G (December 1, 2005) Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Sosyoekonomi 2 2 73–102.
IEEE L. Kösekahyaoğlu and G. Özdamar, “Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 73–102, 2005.
ISNAD Kösekahyaoğlu, Levent - Özdamar, Gökhan. “Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya Ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü Ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Sosyoekonomi 2/2 (December 2005), 73-102.
JAMA Kösekahyaoğlu L, Özdamar G. Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Sosyoekonomi. 2005;2:73–102.
MLA Kösekahyaoğlu, Levent and Gökhan Özdamar. “Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya Ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü Ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2005, pp. 73-102.
Vancouver Kösekahyaoğlu L, Özdamar G. Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya’nın Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve Dış Ticaret Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Sosyoekonomi. 2005;2(2):73-102.