The Relationship between Real Per Capita Income, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions Under Structural Break in Turkey for the Period of 1974-2016

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 44, 69 - 90, 19.04.2020

Salih Öztürk Selin Saygın

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.04

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The study does examine relationships between real per capita income, foreign direct investment, trade openness and carbon emissions in Turkey for the period 1974-2016. ARDL bounds test and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests are utilized to analyze the relationships by using unit root test that takes into account the structural break. Findings, all variables proved to have positive effects on carbon emissions in the long run. Foreign direct investments positively affect carbon emissions, it shows that the Pollution Haven Hypothesis is valid in Turkey. The causality test results reveal that the presence of bidirectional causality relationships between all variables and carbon emissions.

Keywords

Carbon Emissions, ARDL Bounds Test, Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test

Türkiye’de 1974-2016 Döneminde Yapısal Kırılma Altında Kişi Başına Reel Gelir, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Ticari Açıklık ve Karbon Emisyonları Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Çalışma, Türkiye’de kişi başına reel gelir, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ticari açıklık ve karbon emisyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi 1974-2016 döneminde incelemektedir. Yapısal kırılmanın dikkate alındığı bir birim kök testi kullanılarak söz konusu ilişkinin çözümlenmesinde ARDL sınır testi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, uzun dönemde tüm değişkenlerin karbon emisyonları üzerinde pozitif etkileri olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların karbon emisyonlarını pozitif yönde etkilemesi, Türkiye’de Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi’nin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Nedensellik testi sonuçları, tüm değişkenler ve karbon emisyonları arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkilerinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Karbon Emisyonları, ARDL Sınır Testi, Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi

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