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Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 441 - 460, 28.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20

Abstract

Küreselleşen günümüz dünyasında sürekli değişen ekonomik araçlar ve ülkeleri derinden etkileyen ekonomik krizler, ekonomi okuryazarlığın önemini her geçen gün daha da artırmaktadır. Ekonomi okuryazarlığı, toplumun her kesiminin bilmesi gereken ekonomik olayları yorumlayabilme ve rasyonel karar verme becerisidir. Bu çalışmada, gelir düzeyi sabit ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek olan kamu personelinin ekonomi okuryazarlık düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, kamu personelinin neredeyse %85’inin ekonomik ve finansal gelişmeleri yakından takip ettiği ve tüm ekonomi okuryazarlığı alt grup düzeylerinde de iyi seviyede oldukları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kamu personelinin gelir düzeyi artıkça ekonomik ve finansal gelişmeleri yakından takip etme sıklıklarının artığı, ekonomik ve finansal gelişmeleri takip etme sıklıkları artıkça ekonomi okuryazarlık seviyelerinin daha da artığı, ekonomi okuryazarlık seviyeleri artıkça da yatırım miktarlarının daha da artığı gözlemlenmiştir.

References

  • Agnello, M.F. & T.A. Lucel (2008), “Toward a Critical Economic Literacy: Preparing K-12 Learners to Be Economically Literate Adults”, in: D.E. Lund & P.R. Carr (eds.), Doing Democracy: Striving for Political Literacy and Social Justice (247-265), NewYork: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Akhan, N.E. (2015), “Economic Literacy Levels of Social Studies Teacher Candidates”, World Journal of Education, 5(1), 25-39.
  • Alpar, R. (2013), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler, Detay Yayıncılık, 4. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Bandalos, D.L. & S.J. Finney (2010), “Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory”, in: G.R. Hancock & R.O. Mueller (eds.), The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences (93-114), New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Barış, S. & H. Şeker (2017), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı: Amasya Üniversitesi’nde Bir Araştırma”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(624), 79-93.
  • Bentler, P.M. (1990), “Comparative Fit Index in Structural Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 10(2), 238-246.
  • Bingöl, U. & U. Ayhan (2020), “Gençlerde Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelil Bir Araştırma”, Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(22), 5-26.
  • Buchholz, T.G. (1998), “Hope and Danger For Economic Literacy”, The Region, 12(4), 18.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002), “Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yöntemleri, 32, 470-483.
  • Chen, H. & R.P. Volpe (1998), “An Analysis of Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 7(2), 107-128.
  • Chen, H. & R.P. Volpe (2002), “Gender Differences in Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 11(3), 289-307.
  • Danes, S.M. & T.K Hira (1987), “Money Management Knowledge of College Students”, The Journal of Student Financial Aid, 17(1), 4-16.
  • Dilek, S. et al. (2016) “Kastamonu Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı”, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(7), 1865-1878.
  • Dvorak, T. & H. Henry (2010), “Financial Literacy and The Design of Retirement Plans”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(6), 645-652.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü. vd. (2013), “Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri”, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223.
  • Eşmekaya, E. (2019), “Faktör Analizi”, YBS Ansiklopedi, 7(1), 24-35.
  • Fabrigar, L.R. et al. (1999), “Evaluating The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research”, Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299.
  • Fan, X. et al. (1999), “Effects of Sample Size, Estimation Methods, and Model Specification on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indexes”, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56-83.
  • Field, A. (2005), Discovering statistics using SPSS, Sage Publications, London.
  • Gerek, S. & A.A. Kurt (2011), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 5973.
  • Gerrans, P. et al. (2016), “Financial Literacy and Superannuation Awareness of Indigenous Australians: Pilot Study Results”, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 44(4), 471-439.
  • Gleason, J. & L.J. Van Scyoc (1995), “A Report on The Economic Literacy of Adults”, Journal of Economic Education, 26(3), 203-210.
  • Grimes, P.W. et al. (2007), “Testing the Economic Literacy of K-12 Teachers: A State-Wide Baseline Analysis”, American Secondary Education, 3(28), 4-20.
  • Henson, R.K. & J.K. Roberts (2006), “Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393-416.
  • Hilgert, M. et al. (2003), “Household Financial Management: The Connection Between Knowledge and Behavior”, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 89, 309-322.
  • Hooper, D. et al. 2008), “Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Republic of Ireland”, The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Jappelli, T. (2010), “Economic Literacy: An International Comparison”, The Economic Journal, 120(548), F429-F451.
  • Karaman, H. et al. (2017), “Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizinde Kullanılan Faktör Çıkartma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması”, Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3), 1173-1193.
  • Kieschnick, D.A. (2006), Financial Knowledge Levels and Savings Behaviors of Bermudian High School Seniors at Cedar Bridge Academy, Iowa State University, <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38897138.pdf>, 19.05.2022.
  • Kline, P. (1994), An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis, Routledge, New York.
  • Kline, R.B. (2011), Principles And Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Guilford Press, 3rd edition, New York.
  • Koshal, R.K. et al. (2008), “Assessing Economic Literacy of Indian MBA Students”, American Journal of Business, 23(2), 43-52.
  • Lusardı, A. & S.M. Olivia (2014), “The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory And Evidence”, Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44.
  • Lusardi, A. & O.S. Mitchelli (2007), “Financial Literacy And Retirement Preparedness: Evidence And Implications For Financial Education”, Business Economics, 42(1), 35-44.
  • Mercan, N. et al. (2012), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığına İlişkin Ampirik Bir Araştırma”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 109-118.
  • Meyers, L.S. et al. (2006), Applied Multivariate Research, Design and Interpretation, Sage Publishing, Sacramento.
  • Moore, D. (2003), “Survey of Financial Literacy in Washington State: Knowledge, Behavior, Attitudes, and Experiences”, Technical Report n. 03-39, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University.
  • Mulaik, S. et al. (1989), “Evaluation of Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430-445.
  • Nelson, J.A. & M.S. Steven (1991), “Economic Literacy or Economic Ideology?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(3), 157-165.
  • Nizam, N.F. et al. (2020), “Economic Literacy among Students in Malaysia”, Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 3(16), 45-57.
  • North Central Regional Educational Laboratory and the Metiri Group-NCREL (2003), 21st Century Skills: Literacy in the Digital Age, <https://firstnationspedagogy.ca/engauge21st.pdf>, 08.06.2022.
  • Oanea, D.C. & A. Dornean (2012), “Defining and Measuring Financial Literacy, New Evidence From Romanian’ Students of the Master Finance. Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, University of Iasi Economic Sciences, 59(2), 113-129.
  • Orçan, F. (2018), “Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: İlk Hangisi Kullanılmalı?”, Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 9(4), 413-421.
  • Özdamar, K. (2004), Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi, Kaan Kitabevi. 2. Baskı, Eskişehir.
  • Prete, A.L. (2013), “Economic Literacy, Inequality, and Financial Development”, Economics Letters, 118(1), 74-76.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. et al. (2003), “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schreiber, J.B. et al. (2006), “Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review”, The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-338.
  • Sharma, S. (1996), Applied Multivariate Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Şantaş, F. & B. Demirgil (2015), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığının Tespitine İlişkin Bir Araştırma”, Uluslararası Hakemli E-Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 48, 46-60.
  • Tayfun, A. & C.E. Silik (2019), “Öğrencilerin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 7(4), 2920-2941.
  • Thomas, D. & H. Hanley (2010), “Financial Literacy and The Design of Retirement Plans”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(6), 645-652.
  • Türk-İş (2022), Türk-İş Araştırmalar, <https://www.turkis.org.tr/>, 11.07.2022.
  • Ünal, S. vd. (2015), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı ve Kredi Kartı Tutumun Rasyonel Kredi Kartı Kullanımına Etkisi: Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Tavşanlı MYO Örneği”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(1), 31-52.
  • Walstad, W.B. & J.C. Soper (1988), “A Report Card on The Economic Literacy of U.S. High School Students”, The American Economic Review, 78(2), 251-256.
  • Widdowson, D. & H. Kim (2007), “Financial Literacy and Its Role in Promoting a Sound Financial System”, Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, 70(2), 37-49.
  • Worthington, A.C. (2006), “Predicting Financial Literacy in Australia”, Financial Services Review, 15(1), 59-79.
  • Xu, L. & B. Zia (2012), “Financial Literacy Around The World, An Overview of The Evidence With Practical Suggestions For The Way Forward”, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper No. 6107.
  • Yücel, D. (2022), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Kriz Kaynaklı Yaşanan İşsizlik ve Yoksulluk Histerisi”, içinde: Krizlerin Sosyoekonomik Etkileri Ülke ve Sektör Çalışmaları (7-38), İstanbul: Efe Akademik Yayıncılık.

An Empirical Application on Determine the Economic Literacy Levels of Public Staff

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 441 - 460, 28.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20

Abstract

In today’s globalising world, constantly changing economic instruments and economic crises deeply affect countries and increase the importance of economic literacy daily. Economic literacy is the ability to interpret economic events and make rational decisions that every segment of society should know. This study is aimed to determine the economic literacy levels of public staff whose income level is stable and whose education level is high. The study showed that almost 85% of public staff closely follow economic and financial developments, and they are at a reasonable level at all economic literacy subgroup levels. As a result, it has been observed that as the income level of public staff increases, the frequency of following economic and financial developments closely increases, the level of economic literacy rises as the frequency of following economic and financial developments increases, and the number of investment increases as the level of economic literacy increases.

References

  • Agnello, M.F. & T.A. Lucel (2008), “Toward a Critical Economic Literacy: Preparing K-12 Learners to Be Economically Literate Adults”, in: D.E. Lund & P.R. Carr (eds.), Doing Democracy: Striving for Political Literacy and Social Justice (247-265), NewYork: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Akhan, N.E. (2015), “Economic Literacy Levels of Social Studies Teacher Candidates”, World Journal of Education, 5(1), 25-39.
  • Alpar, R. (2013), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler, Detay Yayıncılık, 4. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Bandalos, D.L. & S.J. Finney (2010), “Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory”, in: G.R. Hancock & R.O. Mueller (eds.), The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences (93-114), New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Barış, S. & H. Şeker (2017), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı: Amasya Üniversitesi’nde Bir Araştırma”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(624), 79-93.
  • Bentler, P.M. (1990), “Comparative Fit Index in Structural Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 10(2), 238-246.
  • Bingöl, U. & U. Ayhan (2020), “Gençlerde Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelil Bir Araştırma”, Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(22), 5-26.
  • Buchholz, T.G. (1998), “Hope and Danger For Economic Literacy”, The Region, 12(4), 18.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002), “Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yöntemleri, 32, 470-483.
  • Chen, H. & R.P. Volpe (1998), “An Analysis of Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 7(2), 107-128.
  • Chen, H. & R.P. Volpe (2002), “Gender Differences in Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 11(3), 289-307.
  • Danes, S.M. & T.K Hira (1987), “Money Management Knowledge of College Students”, The Journal of Student Financial Aid, 17(1), 4-16.
  • Dilek, S. et al. (2016) “Kastamonu Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı”, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(7), 1865-1878.
  • Dvorak, T. & H. Henry (2010), “Financial Literacy and The Design of Retirement Plans”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(6), 645-652.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü. vd. (2013), “Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri”, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223.
  • Eşmekaya, E. (2019), “Faktör Analizi”, YBS Ansiklopedi, 7(1), 24-35.
  • Fabrigar, L.R. et al. (1999), “Evaluating The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research”, Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299.
  • Fan, X. et al. (1999), “Effects of Sample Size, Estimation Methods, and Model Specification on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indexes”, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56-83.
  • Field, A. (2005), Discovering statistics using SPSS, Sage Publications, London.
  • Gerek, S. & A.A. Kurt (2011), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 5973.
  • Gerrans, P. et al. (2016), “Financial Literacy and Superannuation Awareness of Indigenous Australians: Pilot Study Results”, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 44(4), 471-439.
  • Gleason, J. & L.J. Van Scyoc (1995), “A Report on The Economic Literacy of Adults”, Journal of Economic Education, 26(3), 203-210.
  • Grimes, P.W. et al. (2007), “Testing the Economic Literacy of K-12 Teachers: A State-Wide Baseline Analysis”, American Secondary Education, 3(28), 4-20.
  • Henson, R.K. & J.K. Roberts (2006), “Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393-416.
  • Hilgert, M. et al. (2003), “Household Financial Management: The Connection Between Knowledge and Behavior”, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 89, 309-322.
  • Hooper, D. et al. 2008), “Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Republic of Ireland”, The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Jappelli, T. (2010), “Economic Literacy: An International Comparison”, The Economic Journal, 120(548), F429-F451.
  • Karaman, H. et al. (2017), “Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizinde Kullanılan Faktör Çıkartma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması”, Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3), 1173-1193.
  • Kieschnick, D.A. (2006), Financial Knowledge Levels and Savings Behaviors of Bermudian High School Seniors at Cedar Bridge Academy, Iowa State University, <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38897138.pdf>, 19.05.2022.
  • Kline, P. (1994), An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis, Routledge, New York.
  • Kline, R.B. (2011), Principles And Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Guilford Press, 3rd edition, New York.
  • Koshal, R.K. et al. (2008), “Assessing Economic Literacy of Indian MBA Students”, American Journal of Business, 23(2), 43-52.
  • Lusardı, A. & S.M. Olivia (2014), “The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory And Evidence”, Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44.
  • Lusardi, A. & O.S. Mitchelli (2007), “Financial Literacy And Retirement Preparedness: Evidence And Implications For Financial Education”, Business Economics, 42(1), 35-44.
  • Mercan, N. et al. (2012), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığına İlişkin Ampirik Bir Araştırma”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 109-118.
  • Meyers, L.S. et al. (2006), Applied Multivariate Research, Design and Interpretation, Sage Publishing, Sacramento.
  • Moore, D. (2003), “Survey of Financial Literacy in Washington State: Knowledge, Behavior, Attitudes, and Experiences”, Technical Report n. 03-39, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University.
  • Mulaik, S. et al. (1989), “Evaluation of Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430-445.
  • Nelson, J.A. & M.S. Steven (1991), “Economic Literacy or Economic Ideology?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(3), 157-165.
  • Nizam, N.F. et al. (2020), “Economic Literacy among Students in Malaysia”, Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 3(16), 45-57.
  • North Central Regional Educational Laboratory and the Metiri Group-NCREL (2003), 21st Century Skills: Literacy in the Digital Age, <https://firstnationspedagogy.ca/engauge21st.pdf>, 08.06.2022.
  • Oanea, D.C. & A. Dornean (2012), “Defining and Measuring Financial Literacy, New Evidence From Romanian’ Students of the Master Finance. Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, University of Iasi Economic Sciences, 59(2), 113-129.
  • Orçan, F. (2018), “Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: İlk Hangisi Kullanılmalı?”, Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 9(4), 413-421.
  • Özdamar, K. (2004), Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi, Kaan Kitabevi. 2. Baskı, Eskişehir.
  • Prete, A.L. (2013), “Economic Literacy, Inequality, and Financial Development”, Economics Letters, 118(1), 74-76.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. et al. (2003), “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schreiber, J.B. et al. (2006), “Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review”, The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-338.
  • Sharma, S. (1996), Applied Multivariate Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Şantaş, F. & B. Demirgil (2015), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığının Tespitine İlişkin Bir Araştırma”, Uluslararası Hakemli E-Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 48, 46-60.
  • Tayfun, A. & C.E. Silik (2019), “Öğrencilerin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 7(4), 2920-2941.
  • Thomas, D. & H. Hanley (2010), “Financial Literacy and The Design of Retirement Plans”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(6), 645-652.
  • Türk-İş (2022), Türk-İş Araştırmalar, <https://www.turkis.org.tr/>, 11.07.2022.
  • Ünal, S. vd. (2015), “Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı ve Kredi Kartı Tutumun Rasyonel Kredi Kartı Kullanımına Etkisi: Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Tavşanlı MYO Örneği”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(1), 31-52.
  • Walstad, W.B. & J.C. Soper (1988), “A Report Card on The Economic Literacy of U.S. High School Students”, The American Economic Review, 78(2), 251-256.
  • Widdowson, D. & H. Kim (2007), “Financial Literacy and Its Role in Promoting a Sound Financial System”, Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, 70(2), 37-49.
  • Worthington, A.C. (2006), “Predicting Financial Literacy in Australia”, Financial Services Review, 15(1), 59-79.
  • Xu, L. & B. Zia (2012), “Financial Literacy Around The World, An Overview of The Evidence With Practical Suggestions For The Way Forward”, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper No. 6107.
  • Yücel, D. (2022), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Kriz Kaynaklı Yaşanan İşsizlik ve Yoksulluk Histerisi”, içinde: Krizlerin Sosyoekonomik Etkileri Ülke ve Sektör Çalışmaları (7-38), İstanbul: Efe Akademik Yayıncılık.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Polat 0000-0002-6930-1499

Publication Date April 28, 2023
Submission Date August 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 31 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Polat, M. (2023). Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20
AMA Polat M. Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi. April 2023;31(56):441-460. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20
Chicago Polat, Mehmet. “Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama”. Sosyoekonomi 31, no. 56 (April 2023): 441-60. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20.
EndNote Polat M (April 1, 2023) Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi 31 56 441–460.
IEEE M. Polat, “Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, pp. 441–460, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20.
ISNAD Polat, Mehmet. “Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama”. Sosyoekonomi 31/56 (April 2023), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20.
JAMA Polat M. Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:441–460.
MLA Polat, Mehmet. “Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, 2023, pp. 441-60, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.20.
Vancouver Polat M. Kamu Personelinin Ekonomi Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(56):441-60.