Research Article

A Comparative Analysis on Women's Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi

Volume: 10 Number: 3 December 28, 2025
EN TR

A Comparative Analysis on Women's Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi

Abstract

“Sociolinguistics”, analysis of the relation between sociology and linguistics, scrutinizes the relationship between language with social variables such as geography, race, gender, or nationality. Initiated with the development of feminist linguistics in the 1960s and 1970s, studies on “gender and language” are categorized into two: “women’s speech” and depiction of women in “men’s speech”. The relation between gender and language has been one of the most controversial themes in women’s studies by notable sociolinguists such as Deborah Tannen, Janet Holmes, Otto Jesperson, and Robin Lakoff. Lakoff, in her article “Language and Woman’s Place” (1973), clarified “linguistic discrimination”, referring to the language distinctions between men and women. This study, therefore, aims to analyze women’s speech and how men portray women in the Crimean author İsmail Gaspıralı’s Kadınlar Ülkesi (1887) and the American author Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s utopia Herland (1979), regarding Lakoff’s theories. Within this scope, for the analysis part, two utopias were examined in terms of linguistic and lexical variants, used by and for the female characters. The analysis revealed that Gilman’s Herland bears strong similarities with İsmail Gaspıralı’s Kadınlar Ülkesi: both authors emphasized the potential strength of women in actual worlds, female characters were portrayed as both masculine and feminine and Lakoff's theories on women’s speech could be observed in both novels. In conclusion, although they were written in and for different cultures, the female characters, in both novels, are physically and linguistically prominent, while the male characters portray women in a derogatory manner.

Keywords

Sociolinguistics, Robin Lakoff, Kadınlar Ülkesi, Herland, women’s speech

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

No ethical consideration.

Thanks

Thanks for the support of publication teams

References

  1. Achard, Pierre (1986). “Analyse de Discours et Sociologie du Langage”. Langage et Société, 37, 5-60.
  2. Albinski, Nan Bowman (1988). Women’s Utopias in British and American Fiction. London: Routledge.
  3. Arnold, Bridgitte (2006). “It Began This Way: The Synonymy of Cartography and Writing as Utopian Cognitive Mapping in Herland”. Utopian Studies, 17(2), 299-316.
  4. Cameron, Deborah (2018). Women in Their Speech Communities. London: Routledge.
  5. Cartwright-Jones, Catherine (2013). “Harem”. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Chang, Li-Wen (2010). “Economics, Evolution, and Feminism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Utopian Fiction”. Women’s Studies, 39(4), 319-348.
  7. Connell, Jeanne M. (1995). “Revisiting the Concept of Community: An Examination of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Utopian Vision”. Peabody Journal of Education, 70(4), 19-33.
  8. Çetindaş, Dilek (2013). “The Woman in The Novels And Storıes of Heroes and Ismaıl Gasprınskı Ideal Woman Propasal”. Turkish Studies. 8 (9), 989-1008.
  9. Freibert, Lucy M. (1983). “World Views in Utopian Novels by Women”. In Marleen Barr and Nicholas D. Smith (Eds.), Women and Utopia (pp.67-84). USA: University Press of America.
  10. Gaspıralı, İsmail (2003). Roman ve Hikâyeleri. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat.
APA
Üstün Kaya, S., & Bilgin Topçu, Ü. (2025). A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 1626-1645. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596
AMA
1.Üstün Kaya S, Bilgin Topçu Ü. A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi. Söylem. 2025;10(3):1626-1645. doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596
Chicago
Üstün Kaya, Senem, and Ümmühan Bilgin Topçu. 2025. “A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 10 (3): 1626-45. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596.
EndNote
Üstün Kaya S, Bilgin Topçu Ü (December 1, 2025) A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 10 3 1626–1645.
IEEE
[1]S. Üstün Kaya and Ü. Bilgin Topçu, “A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi”, Söylem, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1626–1645, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596.
ISNAD
Üstün Kaya, Senem - Bilgin Topçu, Ümmühan. “A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 10/3 (December 1, 2025): 1626-1645. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596.
JAMA
1.Üstün Kaya S, Bilgin Topçu Ü. A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi. Söylem. 2025;10:1626–1645.
MLA
Üstün Kaya, Senem, and Ümmühan Bilgin Topçu. “A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 1626-45, doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596.
Vancouver
1.Senem Üstün Kaya, Ümmühan Bilgin Topçu. A Comparative Analysis on Women’s Speech in Herland and Kadınlar Ülkesi. Söylem. 2025 Dec. 1;10(3):1626-45. doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1775596