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Digital Arts – Digital Literatures

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 357 - 389, 30.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1134421

Abstract

Multimedia arts is the general name of art practices using digital technologies of the second half of the century. There are many derivatives such as computer art, software art, virtual art, interactive art, net art and video art. These were first called digital arts in the late 1980s; Then, in the early 2000s, the expression computer arts is preferred because of the role of the computer in the production of these arts. Later, with the thought that these arts are related to the use of different media environments, the naming of multimedia arts or new media arts has become widespread.
Electronic literature is any kind of literature produced in and for digital media. It consists of genres such as e-books, hypertext and hyperpoems, animated poems presented in graphic forms, interactive emails, SMS literature, blog novels, algorithmic poems.
In this study, the relationship between new artistic genres, literary expression forms and tools, which entered human life with the rise of computer technologies, but faced the resistance of traditional art and literature circles for a long time, will be tried to be discussed with theoretical and practical aspects. This kind of arts, since computers are the rulers of the postmodern world, and everyone's most private information is collected in databases; then, art must find a place for itself in this world. Outstanding social attitude; it has an ideology that favors the local and ethnic, hybridity and identity problems. However, this attitude has not yet become a sociopolitical consciousness; It could not go beyond a social activism using the interactive side of the media.

References

  • “Flarf”. (erişim tarihi 12.6.2022): https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=flarf
  • “Pizza Kitty”. (erişim tarihi 1.6.2022): https://meghansvarsityflarf.blogspot.com/2009/
  • Aarseth, Espen J. (1997). Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: JHU Press.
  • Avcı, Nazmi (2021). “Sosyal Medya, Dil ve Edebiyat”. Birey ve Toplum. 11 (1). 5-26.
  • Bolter, Jay David (1991). Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  • Buckles, Mary A. (1985). Interactive Fiction: The Computer Storygame Adventure. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego.
  • Condé, Susan (2001). “The Fractal Artist”. Leonardo. 34(1). 3-10.
  • Coover, Robert (1992). “The end of boks”. The New York Times Book Review. 21(1). 23–5.
  • Funkhouser, Christoper T. (2007). Prehistoric Digital Poetry: An Archaeology of Forms 1959–1995. Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
  • Gervás, Pablo (2001). “An expert system for the composition of formal Spanish poetry”. Journal of Knowledge-Based Systems 14(3-4). 181–188.
  • Gezer, Hale (2012). “Mekânı Kavrama Sürecinde Algılama Bileşenleri”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11 (21), 1-10.
  • Heckman, D. ve O'Sullivan, J. (2018) “Electronic Literature: Contexts and Poetics”. Literary Studies in a Digital Age. New York: Modern Language Association.
  • Landow, George P. (1991). Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Murray, Janet H. (1997). Hamlet on the Holodeck. New York: The Free Press.
  • Oliviera, Hugo G. (2015). “Tra-la-lyrics: an approach to generate text based on rhythm”. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence. 6(1). 87-110.
  • Özel Sağlamtimur, Zühal (2017). “Yeni Medya Sanatı ve Fotoğraf”. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi. 7(2). 82-100.
  • Öztürk, Pelin (2019). “Tekno-Kültür ve Sanat İlişkisinde Dijital Enstalasyon”. SETSCI Conference Proceedings. 4 (7). 127-133.
  • Packard, Edward (1976). Sugarcane Island. New York: An Archway Paperback.
  • Paul, Christiane (2003). Digital Art. New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Paul, Christiane (2016). "Introduction From Digital to Post‐Digital—Evolutions of an Art Form". Paul, Christiane (ed.). A Companion to Digital Art. Malden, MA: Wiley. 1–2.
  • Shanken, Edward A. (2016). Contemporary art and new media digital divide or hybrid discourse? A Companion to digital art. (ed.C. Paul). Wiley Blackwell: Malden. 463-482.
  • Şengül, Servet (2019). Dijitalleşen Edebiyat ve “Elestirihaber.Com” Örneği . Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. (63). 289-303.
  • Thomson-Jones, Katherine (2015). "The Philosophy of Digital Art." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ed.E. N. Zalta).
  • Tire, Soner (2022). “Resim sanatında dijital kolaj ve sanal gerçekli”k. Çukurova Araştırmaları. 8(1). 26-38.
  • Vickers, Richard (2006). “Photography As New Media: From the Camera Obscura to the Camera Phone”. 4th International Symposium of Interactive Media Design. İstanbul: Yeditepe University.
  • Wardrip-Fruin, Noah (2013). Reading Digital Literature: Surface, Data, Interaction, and Expressive Processing. A Companion to Digital Literary Studies. (ed. S. Schreibman, R. Siemens). Wiley-Blackwell Publication.

Dijital Sanatlar - Dijital Edebiyatlar

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 357 - 389, 30.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1134421

Abstract

Multimedya sanatları yüzyılın ikinci yarısına ait dijital teknolojileri kullanan sanat uygulamalarının genel adıdır. Bilgisayar sanatı, yazılım sanatı, sanal sanat, interaktif sanat, net sanatı ve video sanatı gibi pek çok türevi vardır. Bunlara 1980’lerin sonunda ilkin dijital sanatlar denilmiştir; ardından 2000’lerin başında bilgisayarın bu sanatların üretimindeki rolünden dolayı bilgisayar sanatları ifadesi tercih edilmiştir. Sonrasında bu sanatların farklı medya ortamlarının kullanımıyla alakalı olduğu düşüncesiyle multimedya sanatları ya da yeni medya sanatları ifadesi yaygınlık kazanır.
Elektronik edebiyat (electronic literature), dijital ortamlarda ve dijital ortamlar için üretilmiş her türlü edebiyattır. E-kitaplar, hiperkurgu ve hiperşiirler, algoritmalarla oluşturulan şiirler, grafik formlarda sunulan animasyonlu şiirler, etkileşimli metinler, e-posta edebiyatı, SMS edebiyatı, blog edebiyatı, sosyal medya edebiyatı gibi türlerden oluşur.
Bu çalışmada bilgisayar teknolojilerinin yükselişi ile insan hayatına giren ancak uzun süre geleneksel sanat ve edebiyat çevrelerinin direnişi ile karşılaşan yeni sanatsal türler, edebi ifade formları ve araçlarının ilişkisi kuramsal ve uygulamalı cephesi ile ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu türden sanatlar, mademki postmodern dünyanın hakimi bilgisayarlardır ve herkesin en mahrem bilgileri veri bankalarında toplanmaktadır; o halde sanat da bu dünyada kendine bir yer bulmalıdır, görüşünden hareket etmektedir. Tıpkı Postmodernizm gibi öne çıkan sosyal tavrı; yerel ve etnik olandan, melezlik ve kimlik sorunlarından yana bir ideoloji barındırmasıdır. Ancak bu tavır, henüz sosyopolitik bilinç halini alamamış; medyanın interaktif yanını kullanan bir sosyal aktivizmden öte geçememiştir.

References

  • “Flarf”. (erişim tarihi 12.6.2022): https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=flarf
  • “Pizza Kitty”. (erişim tarihi 1.6.2022): https://meghansvarsityflarf.blogspot.com/2009/
  • Aarseth, Espen J. (1997). Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: JHU Press.
  • Avcı, Nazmi (2021). “Sosyal Medya, Dil ve Edebiyat”. Birey ve Toplum. 11 (1). 5-26.
  • Bolter, Jay David (1991). Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  • Buckles, Mary A. (1985). Interactive Fiction: The Computer Storygame Adventure. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego.
  • Condé, Susan (2001). “The Fractal Artist”. Leonardo. 34(1). 3-10.
  • Coover, Robert (1992). “The end of boks”. The New York Times Book Review. 21(1). 23–5.
  • Funkhouser, Christoper T. (2007). Prehistoric Digital Poetry: An Archaeology of Forms 1959–1995. Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
  • Gervás, Pablo (2001). “An expert system for the composition of formal Spanish poetry”. Journal of Knowledge-Based Systems 14(3-4). 181–188.
  • Gezer, Hale (2012). “Mekânı Kavrama Sürecinde Algılama Bileşenleri”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11 (21), 1-10.
  • Heckman, D. ve O'Sullivan, J. (2018) “Electronic Literature: Contexts and Poetics”. Literary Studies in a Digital Age. New York: Modern Language Association.
  • Landow, George P. (1991). Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Murray, Janet H. (1997). Hamlet on the Holodeck. New York: The Free Press.
  • Oliviera, Hugo G. (2015). “Tra-la-lyrics: an approach to generate text based on rhythm”. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence. 6(1). 87-110.
  • Özel Sağlamtimur, Zühal (2017). “Yeni Medya Sanatı ve Fotoğraf”. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi. 7(2). 82-100.
  • Öztürk, Pelin (2019). “Tekno-Kültür ve Sanat İlişkisinde Dijital Enstalasyon”. SETSCI Conference Proceedings. 4 (7). 127-133.
  • Packard, Edward (1976). Sugarcane Island. New York: An Archway Paperback.
  • Paul, Christiane (2003). Digital Art. New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Paul, Christiane (2016). "Introduction From Digital to Post‐Digital—Evolutions of an Art Form". Paul, Christiane (ed.). A Companion to Digital Art. Malden, MA: Wiley. 1–2.
  • Shanken, Edward A. (2016). Contemporary art and new media digital divide or hybrid discourse? A Companion to digital art. (ed.C. Paul). Wiley Blackwell: Malden. 463-482.
  • Şengül, Servet (2019). Dijitalleşen Edebiyat ve “Elestirihaber.Com” Örneği . Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. (63). 289-303.
  • Thomson-Jones, Katherine (2015). "The Philosophy of Digital Art." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ed.E. N. Zalta).
  • Tire, Soner (2022). “Resim sanatında dijital kolaj ve sanal gerçekli”k. Çukurova Araştırmaları. 8(1). 26-38.
  • Vickers, Richard (2006). “Photography As New Media: From the Camera Obscura to the Camera Phone”. 4th International Symposium of Interactive Media Design. İstanbul: Yeditepe University.
  • Wardrip-Fruin, Noah (2013). Reading Digital Literature: Surface, Data, Interaction, and Expressive Processing. A Companion to Digital Literary Studies. (ed. S. Schreibman, R. Siemens). Wiley-Blackwell Publication.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section EDEBİYAT / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Authors

Ömer Solak 0000-0001-5816-4241

Publication Date August 30, 2022
Submission Date June 22, 2022
Acceptance Date August 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Solak, Ö. (2022). Dijital Sanatlar - Dijital Edebiyatlar. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 357-389. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1134421