ELİT TÜRK GÜREŞÇİLERİNİN ANJİOTENSİN I-DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ ENZİM GEN POLİMORFİZMİ VE VO2MAX DÜZEYLERİ İLE ATLETİK PERFORMANS ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Year 2019,
, 275 - 284, 30.12.2019
Melahat Kurtuluş
,
Mehmet Günay
,
Çağrı Çelenk
,
İbrahim Cicioğlu
,
Tahsin Kesici
Abstract
Anjiotensin I-dönüştürücü
enzim gen polimorfizmi fiziksel aktivite ile ilişkili önemli genlerden biridir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit Türk güreşçilerde ADE I/D gen polimorfizmi ile
atletik performans ve ADE geni genotip dağılımı ile maksimum oksijen tüketimi
(Vo2max) arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemektir. ADE I/D
gen polimorfizmi 46 elit Türk güreşçi ve 58 sağlıklı sedanter bireyde
araştırıldı. Elit güreşçilerin Vo2max değerleri mekik koşu testi ile
ölçüldü. Elit güreşçi ve sedanter bireylerin DNA’sı periferal kandan elde
edildi. ADE I/D gen polimorfizmi alel frekansları ve genotip dağılımı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile belirlendi. Elit
güreşçi ve sedanter bireylerin ACE I/D gen polimorfizmi alel frekansları ve
genotip dağılımı karşılaştırıldı ve elit güreşçi ve sedanter bireyler arasında önemli
bir fark bulunmadı (P>0.05). Elit güreşçilerin ADE I/D gen polimorfizmi
genotip dağılımı ile Vo2max düzeyleri arasında bir fark tespit
edilmedi (P>0.05). Vo2max düzeylerinin DD, ID ve II
genotipli elit güreşçilerde benzer dağılım gösterdiği belirlendi. Bu araştırma
elit Türk güreşçilerinde ADE I/D gen polimorfizmi ile spor performansı ve ACE I/D
gen polimorfizmi genotipleri ile Vo2max arasında anlamlı bir ilişki
olmadığını göstermiştir.
Supporting Institution
Gazi Üniversitesi
Project Number
02/2010-33
Thanks
Gazi Üniversitesine desteğinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.
References
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Bouchard C., Daw E.W., Rice T., Pérusse L., Gagnon J., Province M.A., Leon A.S., Rao D.C., Skinner J.S., Wilmore J.H. (1998). Familial resemblance for VO2max in the sedentary state: the HERITAGE family study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(2), 252-258.
- Bouchard C., Malina R.M. (1983). Genetics of physiological fitness and motor performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 11, 306-309.
- Bouchard C., Rankinen T. (2001). Individual differences in the response to regular exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 446-451.
- Cieszczyk P., Krupecki K., Maciejewska A., Sawczuk M. (2009). The angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in polish rowers. International Journal Sports Medicine, 30, 624-627.
- Costa A.M., Silva A.J., Garrido N.D., Louro H., de Oliveira R.J., Breitenfeld L. (2009). Association between ACE D allele and elite short distance swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106, 785-790.
- Costill D., Fink W.J., Pollock M.L. (1976). Muscle fiber composition and enzyme activities of elite distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8, 96–100.
- Danser A.H., Schalekamp M.A., Bax W.A., van den Brink A.M., Saxena P.R., Riegger G.A., Schunkert H. (1995). Angiotensin converting enzyme in the human heart: effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation, 92, 1387-1388.
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- Folland J., Leach B., Little T., Hawker K. (2000). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Experimental Physiology, 85, 575-579.
- Gayagay G., Yu B., Hambly B., Boston T., Hahn A., Celermajer D.S. (1998). Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele-the role of genes in athletic performance. Human Genetics, 103, 48-50.
- Grealy R., Herruer J., Smith C.L., Hiller D., Haseler L.J., Griffiths L.R. (2015). Evaluation of a 7- gene genetic profile for athletic endurance phenotype in Ironman championship triathletes. PloS One;10(12):e0145171.
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- Kasikcioglu, E., Kayserilioglu A., Ciloglu F., Akhan H., Oflaz H., Yildiz S., Peker I. (2004). Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism, left ventricular remodeling, and exercise capacity in strength-trained athletes. Heart and Vessels, 19, 287-293.
Kikuchi N., Min S., Ueda D., Igawa S., Nakazato K. (2012). Higher frequency of the ACTN3 R allele + ACE DD genotype in Japanese elite wrestlers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3275-3280.
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- Kothari S.T., Chheda P., Chatterjee L., Das B.R. (2012). Molecular analysis of genetic variation in angiotensin I-converting enzyme identifies no association with sporting ability: First report from Indian population. Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 18, 62-65.
- Kurtuluş M., Günay M., Çetin E., Çelenk Ç., Cicioğlu I., Alp E., Yirmibeş Karaoğuz M., Kesici T. (2018). Elit Türk sporcularında anjiotensin dönüştürücü enzim (I/D) polimorfizmi ile sportif performans arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. DergiPark, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 122-137.
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- Lindpaintner K., Pfeffer M.A., Kreut, R., Stampfer M.J., Grodstein F., LaMotte F., Buring J., Hennekens C.H. (1995). Prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 706-711.
- Lucia A., Moran M., Zihong H., Ruiz J. R. (2010). Elite athletes: are the genes the champions? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5, 98-102.
- Macarthur D.G., North K.N. (2005). Genes and human elite athletic performance. Human Genetics, 116, 331-339.
- Mattei M.G., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Roeckel N., Corvol P., Soubrier F. (1989). Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene is on chromosome 17. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 51, 1041-1045.
- Min S.K., Takahashi K., Ishigami H., Hiranuma K., Mizuno M., Ishii T., Kim CS, Nakazato K. (2009). Is there a gender difference between ACE gene and race distance? Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 34, 926-32.
- Myerson S., Hemingway H., Budget R., Martin J., Humphries S., Montgomery H. (1999). Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 1313-1316.
- Nagashima J., Musha H., Takada H., Awaya T., Oba H., Mori N., Ohmiya K., Nobuoka S., Murayama M. (2000). Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on development of athlete’s heart. Clinical Cardiology, 23, 621-624. 10.1002/clc.4960230814
- Nazarov I.B., Woods D.R., Montgomery H.E., Shneider O.V., Kazakov V.I., Tomilin N.V., Rogozkin V.A. (2001). The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes. European Journal of Human Genetics, 9, 797-801.
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- Polat M., Süer C., Can Y., Koca F. (2005). Alp kayağına yönelik alan testleri ile büyük slalom performans zamanı arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), X, 4, 41-48.
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- Roberts A.D., Billeter R., Howald H. (1982). Anaerobic muscle enzyme changes after interval training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(1), 18-21.
- Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., Maniatis T. (1989). Molecular Cloning–A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
- Simoneau J.A., Lortie G., Boulay M.R., Thibault M.C., Bouchard C. (1986). Repeatability of fibre type and enzyme activity measurements in human skeletal muscle. Clinical Physiology, 6(4), 347-356.
- Sonna L.A., Sharp M.A., Knapik J.J., Cullivan M., Angel K.C., Patton J.F., Lilly C.M. (2001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 91(3), 1355-1363.
- Tural E., Kara N., Agaoglu S.A., Elbistan M., Tasmektepligil M.Y,, Imamoglu O. (2014). PPAR-α and PPARGC1A gene variants have strong effects on aerobic performance of Turkish elite endurance athletes. Molecular Biology Reports, 41(9), 5799-5804.
- Zhao B., Moochhala S.M., Tham S., Lu J., Chia M., Byrne C., Hu Q., Lee L.K. (2003). Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and VO2max of Chinese males. Life Sciences, 73, 2625-2630.
- Znazen H., Mejri A., Touhami I., Chtara M., Siala H., Le Gallais D., Ahmetov I.I., Messaoud T., Chamari K., Soussi N. (2016). Genetic advantageous predisposition of angiotensin converting enzyme id polymorphism in Tunisian athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 56, 724-730.
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DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM AND VO2MAX LEVELS AND ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN ELITE TURKISH WRESTLERS
Year 2019,
, 275 - 284, 30.12.2019
Melahat Kurtuluş
,
Mehmet Günay
,
Çağrı Çelenk
,
İbrahim Cicioğlu
,
Tahsin Kesici
Abstract
The polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting
enzyme gene is one of the important genes associated with physical activity,
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between
ACE I/D gene polymorphism and athletic performance and genotype distribution of
the ACE gene and maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in the elite
Turkish wrestlers. ACE I/D gene polymorphism is investigated in 46 elite
Turkish wrestlers and 58 healthy sedentary individuals. Vo2max
values in elite wrestlers were measured by a progressive shuttle run test. DNA of elite wrestlers and
sedentary individuals was obtained from peripheral blood. The allele
frequencies and genotype distribution of ACE I/D gene polymorphism determined
by polymerase chain reaction. Allele frequencies and genotype distribution of
ACE I/D gene polymorphism in the elite wrestlers and sedentary individuals were
compared and no significant difference was found between elite wrestlers and
sedentary individuals (P>0.05). There was also no
difference between the genotype distribution of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism
and Vo2max levels in the elite wrestlers (P>0.05). It was determined
that Vo2max showed similar distribution in elite wrestlers with DD,
ID and II genotypes. The present study demonstrated that there was no
significant relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and sports
performance and genotypes of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and Vo2max in
elite Turkish wrestlers.
Project Number
02/2010-33
References
- Alvarez R., Terrados N., Ortolano R., Iglesias-Cubero G., Reguero J.R., Batalla A., Cortina A., Fernandez-Garcia B., Rodriguez C., Braga S., Alvarez V., Coto E. (2000). Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and athletic performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, 117-120.
- Bray M.S., Hagberg J.M., Pérusse L., Rankinen T., Roth S.M., Wolfarth B., Bouchard C. (2009). The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 35-73.
Bouchard C., Daw E.W., Rice T., Pérusse L., Gagnon J., Province M.A., Leon A.S., Rao D.C., Skinner J.S., Wilmore J.H. (1998). Familial resemblance for VO2max in the sedentary state: the HERITAGE family study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(2), 252-258.
- Bouchard C., Malina R.M. (1983). Genetics of physiological fitness and motor performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 11, 306-309.
- Bouchard C., Rankinen T. (2001). Individual differences in the response to regular exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 446-451.
- Cieszczyk P., Krupecki K., Maciejewska A., Sawczuk M. (2009). The angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in polish rowers. International Journal Sports Medicine, 30, 624-627.
- Costa A.M., Silva A.J., Garrido N.D., Louro H., de Oliveira R.J., Breitenfeld L. (2009). Association between ACE D allele and elite short distance swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106, 785-790.
- Costill D., Fink W.J., Pollock M.L. (1976). Muscle fiber composition and enzyme activities of elite distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8, 96–100.
- Danser A.H., Schalekamp M.A., Bax W.A., van den Brink A.M., Saxena P.R., Riegger G.A., Schunkert H. (1995). Angiotensin converting enzyme in the human heart: effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation, 92, 1387-1388.
- De Moor M.H., Spector T.D., Cherkas L.F., Falchi M., Hottenga J.J., Boomsma D.I., De Geus E.J. (2007). Genome-wide linkage scan for athlete status in 700 British female DZ twin pairs. Twin Research and Human Genetics,10(6), 812-820.
- di Prampero P.E. (2003). Factors limiting maximal performance in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, 420-429.
- Druzhevskaya A.M., Ahmetov I., Astratenkova I.V., Rogozkin V.A. (2008). Association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with power athlete status in Russians. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 631634.
- Eider J., Cieszczyk P., Ficek K., Leonska-Duniec A., Sawczuk M., Maciejewska-Karlowsk A., Zarebska, A. (2013). The association between D allele of the ACE gene and power performance in Polish elite athletes. Science & Sports, 28, 325-330.
- Fagard R., Bielen E., Amery A. (1991). Heritability of aerobic power and anaerobic energy generation during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 70, 357-362.
- Folland J., Leach B., Little T., Hawker K. (2000). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Experimental Physiology, 85, 575-579.
- Gayagay G., Yu B., Hambly B., Boston T., Hahn A., Celermajer D.S. (1998). Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele-the role of genes in athletic performance. Human Genetics, 103, 48-50.
- Grealy R., Herruer J., Smith C.L., Hiller D., Haseler L.J., Griffiths L.R. (2015). Evaluation of a 7- gene genetic profile for athletic endurance phenotype in Ironman championship triathletes. PloS One;10(12):e0145171.
- Guth L.M., Roth S.M. (2013). Genetic influence on athletic performance. Current Opinion Pediatrics, 25(6), 653-658.
- Hagberg J.M., Ferrell R.E., McCole S.D., Wilund K.R., Moore G.E. (1998). V02 max is associated with ACE genotype in postmenopausal women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 1842-1846.
- Jones A., Montgomery H.E., Woods D.R. (2002). Human performance: A role for the ACE genotype? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30, 184-190.
- Joyner M.J., Coyle, E. F. (2008). Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. The Journal of Physiology, 586, 35-44.
- Kasikcioglu, E., Kayserilioglu A., Ciloglu F., Akhan H., Oflaz H., Yildiz S., Peker I. (2004). Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism, left ventricular remodeling, and exercise capacity in strength-trained athletes. Heart and Vessels, 19, 287-293.
Kikuchi N., Min S., Ueda D., Igawa S., Nakazato K. (2012). Higher frequency of the ACTN3 R allele + ACE DD genotype in Japanese elite wrestlers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3275-3280.
- Kim C.H., Cho J.Y., Jeon J.Y., Koh Y.G., Kim Y.M., Kim H.J., Park M., Um H.S., Kim C. (2010). ACE DD genotype is unfavorable to Korean short-term muscle power athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(1), 65-71.
- Kothari S.T., Chheda P., Chatterjee L., Das B.R. (2012). Molecular analysis of genetic variation in angiotensin I-converting enzyme identifies no association with sporting ability: First report from Indian population. Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 18, 62-65.
- Kurtuluş M., Günay M., Çetin E., Çelenk Ç., Cicioğlu I., Alp E., Yirmibeş Karaoğuz M., Kesici T. (2018). Elit Türk sporcularında anjiotensin dönüştürücü enzim (I/D) polimorfizmi ile sportif performans arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. DergiPark, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 122-137.
- Levine B.D. (2008). VO2,max: what do we know, and what do we still need to know? The Journal of Physiology, 586.1, 25-34.
- Lindpaintner K., Pfeffer M.A., Kreut, R., Stampfer M.J., Grodstein F., LaMotte F., Buring J., Hennekens C.H. (1995). Prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 706-711.
- Lucia A., Moran M., Zihong H., Ruiz J. R. (2010). Elite athletes: are the genes the champions? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5, 98-102.
- Macarthur D.G., North K.N. (2005). Genes and human elite athletic performance. Human Genetics, 116, 331-339.
- Mattei M.G., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Roeckel N., Corvol P., Soubrier F. (1989). Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene is on chromosome 17. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 51, 1041-1045.
- Min S.K., Takahashi K., Ishigami H., Hiranuma K., Mizuno M., Ishii T., Kim CS, Nakazato K. (2009). Is there a gender difference between ACE gene and race distance? Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 34, 926-32.
- Myerson S., Hemingway H., Budget R., Martin J., Humphries S., Montgomery H. (1999). Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 1313-1316.
- Nagashima J., Musha H., Takada H., Awaya T., Oba H., Mori N., Ohmiya K., Nobuoka S., Murayama M. (2000). Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on development of athlete’s heart. Clinical Cardiology, 23, 621-624. 10.1002/clc.4960230814
- Nazarov I.B., Woods D.R., Montgomery H.E., Shneider O.V., Kazakov V.I., Tomilin N.V., Rogozkin V.A. (2001). The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes. European Journal of Human Genetics, 9, 797-801.
- Orysiak J., Zmijewski P., Klusiewicz A., Kaliszewski P., Malczewska-Lenczowska J., Gajewski J., Pokrywka A. (2013). The association between ace gene variation and aerobic capacity in winter endurance disciplines. Biology of Sport, 30, 249-253.
- Ostrander E.A, Huson H.J., Ostrander G.K. (2009). Genetics of athletic performance. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 10, 407-429.
- Polat M., Süer C., Can Y., Koca F. (2005). Alp kayağına yönelik alan testleri ile büyük slalom performans zamanı arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), X, 4, 41-48.
- Puthucheary Z., Skipworth J.R.A., Rawal J., Loosemore M., Someren K.V., Montgomery H.E. (2011). Genetic influences in sport and physical performance. Sports Medicine, 41(10), 845-59.
- Rankinen T., Perusse L., Gagnon J., Chagnon Y.C., Leon A.S., Skinner J.S., Wilmore J.H., Rao D.C., Bouchard C. (2000-a) Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism & fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 1029-1035.
- Rankinen T., Wolfarth B., Simoneau J.A., Maier-Lenz D., Rauramaa R., Rivera M.A., Boulay M.R., Chagnon Y.C., Pérusse L., Keul J., Bouchard C. (2000-b). No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 1571-1575.
- Ribas M.R., Netto Z.C.O., Salgueirosa F., Fernandes P., Matos O., Bassan J.C. (2017). Association of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in Brazilians wrestlers. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 23(6), 469-472.
- Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. (1990). An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 86, 1343-1346.
- Rigat B., Hubert C., Corvol P., Soubrier F. (1992). PCR detection of the ınsertion/deletion of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCP1) (Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase 1). Nucleic Acids Research, 20, 1433.
- Roberts A.D., Billeter R., Howald H. (1982). Anaerobic muscle enzyme changes after interval training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(1), 18-21.
- Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., Maniatis T. (1989). Molecular Cloning–A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
- Simoneau J.A., Lortie G., Boulay M.R., Thibault M.C., Bouchard C. (1986). Repeatability of fibre type and enzyme activity measurements in human skeletal muscle. Clinical Physiology, 6(4), 347-356.
- Sonna L.A., Sharp M.A., Knapik J.J., Cullivan M., Angel K.C., Patton J.F., Lilly C.M. (2001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 91(3), 1355-1363.
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