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Tam squat hareketinin itme evresindeki yük - güç ilişkisi

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 121 - 133, 01.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000289

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı; tam squat (SQ) hareketinin itme evresindeki yük - güç ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda aktif olarak spor yapan ve temel bir kuvvet düzeyine sahip 32 erkek amatör sporcu (yaş: 20.4± 1.98 yıl; boy: 179.3 ± 7.23 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 73.5 ± 9.85 kg) çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Deneklere tam squat (SQ) hareketinde bir tekrarlı maksimal (1TM) kuvvet testi yaptırıldı ve 1TM değerlerinin farklı yüzdelerine (% 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 ve 100) karşılık gelen ağırlıklar hesaplanarak kaydedildi.Son olarak, 1TM’nin farklı yüzdelerine karşılık gelen yüklerde deneklere tam SQ hareketi yaptırıldı ve itme evresindeki güç özellikleri ortalama güç (OG), ortalama itme gücü (OİG) ve zirve güç (ZG) olarak belirlendi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde;tanımlayıcı istatistik, korelasyon analizi ve bağımlı gruplar için tek yönlü varyans (ANOVA) analizi yapıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; farklı yüklerde yapılan tam SQ hareketinin itme evresindeki OG ve ZG değerlerinin 1TM’nin % 20-70’i arasında; OİG değerlerinin ise 1TM'nin % 20-60'ı arasında kademeli bir artış gösterdiği ve daha sonra azaldığı elde edildi. OG (236,3 W) ve ZG (1382,5 W) parametreleri için maksimal güç değerine 1TM’nin % 70’inde, OİG (337,2 W) parametresi için ise 1TM’nin % 60’ında kaldırılan yüklerde elde edildiği sonucuna ulaşıldı. Ayrıca 1TM yüzdelik yük değerleri ile tam SQ hareketinin itme evresindeki OG (r = ,218; p<0.05) ve ZG (r = ,264; p<0.05) parametreleri arasında düşük düzeyde, pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki görülürken; OİG (r = ,107; p>0.05) parametresi arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; farklı yüklerde uygulanan tam SQ hareketinin itme evresindeki maksimal güç değerine, orta yüklerde yapılan kaldırışlar esnasında ulaşılmış ve yük - güç arasında düşük olmasına rağmen en güçlü ilişki ZG parametresi ile elde edilmiştir

References

  • Alcaraz PE (2009): Kinematic, Kinetic, and Anthropometric Adaptation safter Short- Term Sled Towing Sprint Training on Experienced Athletes. Murcia: Universidad Catolica San Antonio.
  • Alcaraz PE, Romere-Arenas S, Vila H, et al. (2011): Power–Load Curve in Trained Sprinters. Conditioning Research, 25(11), 3045-3050. Strength and
  • Baker D (2001): Acute and Long-Term Power Response to Power Training: Observationson the Training of an Elite Power Athlete. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 23(1), 47-56.
  • Baker D, Nance S, Moore M (2011): The Load that Maximizes the Average Mechanical Power Output during Jump Squats in Power-Trained Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 92-97.
  • Beachle TR, Earle RW, Wathen D (2008): Resistance Training. In Beachle TR, Earle RW. (Ed). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rdedition) (pp. 381-412). United States: Human Kinetics.
  • Castillo F, Valverde B, Morales A, et al. (2011): Maximum Power, Optimal Load and Optimal Power Spectrum for Power Training in Upper-Body (BenchPress): A Review. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 5(1), 18-27.
  • Cormie P, McBride JM, McCaulley GO (2007a): The Influence of Body Mass on Calculation of Power during Lower-Body Resistance Training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1042-1049.
  • Cormie P, McCaulley GO, Triplett NT, et al. (2007b): Optimal Loadig for Maximal Power Output during Lower Body Resistance Exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2), 340-349.
  • Cronin JB, McNair PJ, Marshall RN (2000): The Role of Maximal Strength and Load on Initial Power Production. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(10), 1763-1769.
  • Cronin JB, McNair PJ, Marshall RN (2001): Developing Comparison of Technique and Training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4(1), 59-70. Power: A
  • Cronin JB.,Sleivert G (2005): Challenges in Understanding the Influence of Maximal Power Training on Improving Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 213- 234.
  • Dugan EL, Doyle TLA, Humphries B, et al. (2004): Determiningthe Optimal Load for Jump Squats: A Review of Methods and Calculations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 668-674.
  • Earle RW, Beachle TR (2008): Resistance Training and Spotting Techniques. In Beachle TR, Earle RW (Eds.). Essentials of strength (3rdedition) (pp. 325-376). United States: Human Kinetics. conditioning
  • Enoka RM (1994): Neuromechanical Basis of Kinesiology (2ndedition). United States: Human Kinetics.
  • Fernandes J, Coimbra H, Carvalho J, et al. (2011): Assessment of Different Power Parameters on Squat and Leg Press: Considerations for Power Development. Biomechanics in Sports, 11(2), 879-882.
  • Garhammer J (1993): A Review of PowerOutputStudies andPowerlifting: Performance Prediction, and Evalution Tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 7(2), 76-89. of Olympic Methodology,
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Lopez-Gullon JM, Muriel X, et al. (2011): Physical Fitness Factorsto Predict Performance. AppliedPhysiology, 111(8), 1747-1758. Journal of
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, et al. (2014): Imposing a Pause Between the Eccentric and Concentric Phases Increases the Reliability of Isoinertial Strength Assessments. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(1), 1165-1175.
  • Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Gorostiaga EM, et al. (1999): Maximal Strength and Power Characteristics Dynamicactions of the Upper and Lower Extremities in Middle-Agedand Older Man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 167(1), 57- 68. Isometric and
  • Izquierdo M, Hakkinen K, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, et al. (2002): Effects of Long-Term Training MaximalStrengthandPower of theUpper and on Lower Extremities in Athletes from Different Sports. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3), 264-271.
  • Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Hakkinen K, et al. (2004): MuscleMass, Hormones Cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(5), 465-478. Serum Road in
  • Jidovtseff B, Croisier J, Scimar N, et al. (2008): Assessmentto Monitor Spesific Training Effects. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 48(1), 55-64. Isoinertial
  • Knuttgen HG, Komi PV (2003): Basic ConsiderationsforExercise. In P. V. Komi (Eds.), Strength and Power in Sport (2ndedition) (pp. 3-8). Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • Marques MC, Tillaar RVD, Vescovi JD, et al. (2007): Relationship between Throwing Velocity, Muscle Power, and Bar Velocity during Bench Press in Elite Handball Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2(4), 414-422.
  • Marques M.C, Gonzales-Badillo JJ (2011): Relationship Between Strength Parameters and Squat Jump Performance in Trained Athletes. Journal Motricidade, 7(4), 43-48.
  • Mastropaolo JA (1992): A Test of the Maximum-PowerStimulusTheory Strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(5), 415-420. of
  • Mayhew JL, Wave JS, Johns RA, et al. (1997): Changes in Upper Body Power Following Heavy Resistance Strength in College Men. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18(7), 516-520.
  • Newton RU, Kraemer JW (1994): Developing Explosive Muscular Power: Implications for a Mixed Methods Training Strategy. Association Journal, 16(5), 20-31. Conditioning al. (1997): Influence of Load and Stretch Shortening Cycle on the Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Activation that Occurs during Explosive Upper Body Movements. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 75(4), 333-342.
  • Newton RU, Dugan E (2002): Application of Strength Diagnosis. Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 24(5), 50-59.
  • Ratamess N (2012): ACSM'sFoundations of Strength Training andConditioning. Chine: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
  • Requena B, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Villareal ESS, et al. (2009): Functional Performance, Maximal Characteristics in Isometric and Dynamic Actions of Lower Extremities in Soccer Players. Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1391-1401. Strength and
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzales- Badillo JJ (2010): Importance of the Propulsive Phase in Strength Assessment. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(2), 123-129.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ (2011): Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(9), 1725-1734.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Perez CE, et al (2014): Velocity and Power- Load Relationship of the Bench Pull vs. Bench Press Exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 209-216.
  • Siegel JA, Gilders RM, Staton RS, et al. (2002): Human Muscle Power Output during Upper and Lower-Body Exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(2), 173-178.
  • Stone MH, Sanborn K, O'Bryant HS (2003): Maximum Relationships in College Throwers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(4), 739-745.
  • Thomas M, Fiatarone MA, Fielding RA (1996): Leg Power in YoungWomen: Relationship Strength, and Function. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(10), 1321-1326. Composition,
  • Young WB, Newton RU, Doyle TL, et al. (2005): Physiological and Anthropometric Characteristics of Starters and Non-Starters and Playing Positions in Elite Australian Rules Football: A Case Study.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 8(3),333- 345.
  • Zink AJ, Perry AC, Robertson BL (2006): Peak Power, Ground Reaction Forces, and Velocity during the Squat Exercise Performed at Different Loads. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 658-664.

LOAD - POWER RELATIONSHIP IN THE PROPULSIVE PHASE OF FULL BACK SQUAT MOVEMENT

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 121 - 133, 01.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000289

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the load - power relationship during propulsive phase of full back squat (SQ) movement. For this purpose, thirty-two amateur male athletes (age: 20.4± 1.98 years; height: 179.3 ± 7.23 cm; weight: 73.5 ± 9.85 kg) who were actively involved in sports and had strenght at the basic level participated in the study voluntarily.Subjects were asked to perform the one repetition maximal (1RM) strength test and the loads (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 %) corresponding to different percentages of the 1RM values of were calculated. Finally, subjects performed full back SQ movement for the loads corresponding to different percentages of 1RM and the power properties during propulsive phase was determined as mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP). The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for dependent groups were used to evaluate the data. According to results; it was concluded that MP and PP values during propulsive phase of full back SQ movement performed for different loads demonstrate a gradual increase between 20 - 70 % of 1RM and then decreases. On the contrary, it was obtained that MPP values demonstratea gradual increasebetween 20-60 % of 1RM and then decreases. It was concluded that maximal power values for MPP parameter was reached at loads lifted in 60 % of 1RM, while maximal power values for MP (236,3 W) and PP (1382,5 W) parameters were reached at loads lifted in 70 % of 1RM. Also, it was seen that there are low level, positive and statistically a significant relationship between MP (r = ,218; p < 0.05) and PP (r = ,264; p < 0.05) parameters during propulsive phase of full back SQ movement with percentage load values of 1RM, while there is no statistically significant relationship between MPP and percentage load values of 1RM (r = ,107; p > 0.05). As a result; it was concluded that maximal power values during propulsive phase of full back SQ movement applied for different loads were reached during lifting performed in the middle loads and concluded that the most powerful relationship between load - power was obtained with PP parameter although it was low

References

  • Alcaraz PE (2009): Kinematic, Kinetic, and Anthropometric Adaptation safter Short- Term Sled Towing Sprint Training on Experienced Athletes. Murcia: Universidad Catolica San Antonio.
  • Alcaraz PE, Romere-Arenas S, Vila H, et al. (2011): Power–Load Curve in Trained Sprinters. Conditioning Research, 25(11), 3045-3050. Strength and
  • Baker D (2001): Acute and Long-Term Power Response to Power Training: Observationson the Training of an Elite Power Athlete. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 23(1), 47-56.
  • Baker D, Nance S, Moore M (2011): The Load that Maximizes the Average Mechanical Power Output during Jump Squats in Power-Trained Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 92-97.
  • Beachle TR, Earle RW, Wathen D (2008): Resistance Training. In Beachle TR, Earle RW. (Ed). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rdedition) (pp. 381-412). United States: Human Kinetics.
  • Castillo F, Valverde B, Morales A, et al. (2011): Maximum Power, Optimal Load and Optimal Power Spectrum for Power Training in Upper-Body (BenchPress): A Review. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 5(1), 18-27.
  • Cormie P, McBride JM, McCaulley GO (2007a): The Influence of Body Mass on Calculation of Power during Lower-Body Resistance Training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1042-1049.
  • Cormie P, McCaulley GO, Triplett NT, et al. (2007b): Optimal Loadig for Maximal Power Output during Lower Body Resistance Exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2), 340-349.
  • Cronin JB, McNair PJ, Marshall RN (2000): The Role of Maximal Strength and Load on Initial Power Production. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(10), 1763-1769.
  • Cronin JB, McNair PJ, Marshall RN (2001): Developing Comparison of Technique and Training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4(1), 59-70. Power: A
  • Cronin JB.,Sleivert G (2005): Challenges in Understanding the Influence of Maximal Power Training on Improving Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 213- 234.
  • Dugan EL, Doyle TLA, Humphries B, et al. (2004): Determiningthe Optimal Load for Jump Squats: A Review of Methods and Calculations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 668-674.
  • Earle RW, Beachle TR (2008): Resistance Training and Spotting Techniques. In Beachle TR, Earle RW (Eds.). Essentials of strength (3rdedition) (pp. 325-376). United States: Human Kinetics. conditioning
  • Enoka RM (1994): Neuromechanical Basis of Kinesiology (2ndedition). United States: Human Kinetics.
  • Fernandes J, Coimbra H, Carvalho J, et al. (2011): Assessment of Different Power Parameters on Squat and Leg Press: Considerations for Power Development. Biomechanics in Sports, 11(2), 879-882.
  • Garhammer J (1993): A Review of PowerOutputStudies andPowerlifting: Performance Prediction, and Evalution Tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 7(2), 76-89. of Olympic Methodology,
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Lopez-Gullon JM, Muriel X, et al. (2011): Physical Fitness Factorsto Predict Performance. AppliedPhysiology, 111(8), 1747-1758. Journal of
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, et al. (2014): Imposing a Pause Between the Eccentric and Concentric Phases Increases the Reliability of Isoinertial Strength Assessments. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(1), 1165-1175.
  • Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Gorostiaga EM, et al. (1999): Maximal Strength and Power Characteristics Dynamicactions of the Upper and Lower Extremities in Middle-Agedand Older Man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 167(1), 57- 68. Isometric and
  • Izquierdo M, Hakkinen K, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, et al. (2002): Effects of Long-Term Training MaximalStrengthandPower of theUpper and on Lower Extremities in Athletes from Different Sports. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3), 264-271.
  • Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Hakkinen K, et al. (2004): MuscleMass, Hormones Cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(5), 465-478. Serum Road in
  • Jidovtseff B, Croisier J, Scimar N, et al. (2008): Assessmentto Monitor Spesific Training Effects. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 48(1), 55-64. Isoinertial
  • Knuttgen HG, Komi PV (2003): Basic ConsiderationsforExercise. In P. V. Komi (Eds.), Strength and Power in Sport (2ndedition) (pp. 3-8). Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • Marques MC, Tillaar RVD, Vescovi JD, et al. (2007): Relationship between Throwing Velocity, Muscle Power, and Bar Velocity during Bench Press in Elite Handball Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2(4), 414-422.
  • Marques M.C, Gonzales-Badillo JJ (2011): Relationship Between Strength Parameters and Squat Jump Performance in Trained Athletes. Journal Motricidade, 7(4), 43-48.
  • Mastropaolo JA (1992): A Test of the Maximum-PowerStimulusTheory Strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(5), 415-420. of
  • Mayhew JL, Wave JS, Johns RA, et al. (1997): Changes in Upper Body Power Following Heavy Resistance Strength in College Men. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18(7), 516-520.
  • Newton RU, Kraemer JW (1994): Developing Explosive Muscular Power: Implications for a Mixed Methods Training Strategy. Association Journal, 16(5), 20-31. Conditioning al. (1997): Influence of Load and Stretch Shortening Cycle on the Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Activation that Occurs during Explosive Upper Body Movements. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 75(4), 333-342.
  • Newton RU, Dugan E (2002): Application of Strength Diagnosis. Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 24(5), 50-59.
  • Ratamess N (2012): ACSM'sFoundations of Strength Training andConditioning. Chine: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
  • Requena B, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Villareal ESS, et al. (2009): Functional Performance, Maximal Characteristics in Isometric and Dynamic Actions of Lower Extremities in Soccer Players. Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1391-1401. Strength and
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzales- Badillo JJ (2010): Importance of the Propulsive Phase in Strength Assessment. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(2), 123-129.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ (2011): Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(9), 1725-1734.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Perez CE, et al (2014): Velocity and Power- Load Relationship of the Bench Pull vs. Bench Press Exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 209-216.
  • Siegel JA, Gilders RM, Staton RS, et al. (2002): Human Muscle Power Output during Upper and Lower-Body Exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(2), 173-178.
  • Stone MH, Sanborn K, O'Bryant HS (2003): Maximum Relationships in College Throwers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(4), 739-745.
  • Thomas M, Fiatarone MA, Fielding RA (1996): Leg Power in YoungWomen: Relationship Strength, and Function. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(10), 1321-1326. Composition,
  • Young WB, Newton RU, Doyle TL, et al. (2005): Physiological and Anthropometric Characteristics of Starters and Non-Starters and Playing Positions in Elite Australian Rules Football: A Case Study.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 8(3),333- 345.
  • Zink AJ, Perry AC, Robertson BL (2006): Peak Power, Ground Reaction Forces, and Velocity during the Squat Exercise Performed at Different Loads. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 658-664.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA65ZP76DG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Can This is me

Hamit Cihan This is me

Erdal Arı This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Can, İ., Cihan, H., & Arı, E. (2016). Tam squat hareketinin itme evresindeki yük - güç ilişkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000289

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