Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

THE ACUTE EFFECT OF COMBINED PRECONDITIONING STRATEGIES ON REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCE

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 31 - 40, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.532007

Abstract

The use of preconditioning strategies (Pre-CC) alone has a positive effect
on performance. However, it is thought that there will be more impact on the
performance of combined preconditioning strategies and this is one of the first
studies to prove this. This research was conducted to examine the acute impact
of the combined preconditioning strategies on repeated sprint performance. The
following pre-conditioning strategies (PConSt) were combined: morning
resistance exercise (MRE), active warm-up (AwU), hormonal preconditioning (HPC),
post-activation potential (PAP), and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Sixteen
males (age: 21,23 ± 1,69 years, height: 173,91 ± 9,05 cm, body weight: 69,95 ±
13,05 kg)who studied at the Department of Sport Sciences of a university in
Ankara  were participated in this study
voluntarily. Participants entered the PConSt and Sham applications on different
days after the pre-test. Before the test, MRE, IPC, HPC and PAP were applied to
the PConSt group and then 12x20m repeated sprint test (TST) was performed for
determination of repeated sprint performances. Applications that will not
affect Sham have been made. According to the results of statistical analysis, a
statistically significant difference was found between the pre-test and
precondition for best sprint time values ​​at 10-20m and 0-20m distances (p
<0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference between
10-20m and 0-20m distances and 0-20m distances between the pre-test and sham in
total sprint times. This study showed that the combined preconditioning
strategies may have an impact on repeated sprint performance.

References

  • Bailey TG, Jones H, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Cable NT, and Thıjssen, DH.(2012) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on lactate accumulation and running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: 2084–2089.
  • Bishop D. Warm up I.(2003) Sports Med 33(6): 439–454.
  • Bishop D. Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up.(2003) Sports Med 33: 483–498.
  • Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C.(2003) The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 31(1), 3-7.
  • Clevidence MW, Mowery RE, and Kushnick MR. (2012)The effects of ischemic preconditioning on aerobic and anaerobic variables associated with submaximal cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 112(10): 3649–3654.
  • Cook CJ and Crewther BT.(2012) The effects of different pre-game motivational interventions on athlete free hormonal state and subsequent performance in professional rugby union matches. Physiol Behav 106: 683–688.
  • Cook CJ, Kilduff LP, and West DJ. (2013) Morning based strength training improves afternoon physical performance in rugby union players. J Sci Med Sport 17(3): 317–321.
  • Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, and Tocco T. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the muscles improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol 111(2): 530–536.
  • De Groot PCE, Thijssen DHJ, Sanchez M, Ellenkamp R, and Hopman MTE.(2010) Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 141–146.
  • Docherty D, Robbins D, and Hodgson M. (2004) Complex training revisited: a review of its current status as a viable training approach. Strength Cond J 26(6): 52–57.
  • Duruturk N, Ozunlu Pekyavas N, Yılmaz A and Karatas M. (2016) Is quadriceps Kinesio taping effective on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities of healthy subjects? – a randomized controlled study. Int J Athl Ther Train 21: 32–38.
  • Eisen, A, Fisman, EZ, and Rubenfire, M. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: nearly two decades of research. a comprehensive review. Atherosclerosis 172(2): 201–10.
  • Ekstrand, LG, Battaglini, CL, McMurray, RG, and Shields, EW. (2013) Assessing explosive power production using the backward overhead shot throw and the effects of morning resistance exercise on afternoon performance. J Strength Cond Res27(1): 101–106.
  • Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Schwerdtman JA, Ratamess NA, Kang J and Hoffman JR. (2006) Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weight vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. J Athl Train 41: 357–363.
  • Foster GP, Westerdahl DE, Foster LA, Hsu JV and Anholm JD. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the lower extremity attenuates the normal hypoxic increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 179(2): 248–253.
  • Gibson N, White J, Neish M and Murry A. (2013) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on land-based sprinting in team-sport athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 8: 671–676.
  • Griffin PJ, Ferguson RA, Gissane C, Bailey SJ & Patterson SD.(2018) Ischemic preconditioning enhances critical power during a 3-minute all-out cycling test. Journal of sports sciences, 36(9), 1038-1043.
  • Guggenheimer, JD, Dickin, DC, Reyes, GF, and Dolny, DG. (2009) The effects of specific preconditioning activities on acute sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1135–1139.
  • Gürke L, Mattei A, Chaloupka K, Marx A, Sutter PM, Stierli P & Heberer M. (2009) Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle. Journal of Surgical Research, 94.1: 18-27.
  • Hodgson, M, Docherty, D, and Robbins, D. (2005) Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Med 25(7): 385–395.
  • Jean-St-Michel E, Manlhiot C, Li J, Tropak M, Michelsen M, Schmidt MR, McCrindle BW, Walls GD and Redington AN. (2011) Remote preconditioning improves maximal performance in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(7): 1280–1286.
  • Kilduff LP, Finn CV, Baker JS, Cook CJ, West DJ. (2013) Preconditioning strategies to enhance physical performance on the day of the competition. International Journal Sports Physiology Performance, 8(6):677–81.
  • Kilduff, LP, Owen, N, Bevan, H, Bennett, M, Kingsley, MI, and Cunningham, D. (2008) Influence of recovery time on post-activation potentiation in professional rugby players. J Sports Sci 26: 795–802.
  • Lalonde F and Curnier D. (2014) Can anaerobic performance be improved by remote ischemic preconditioning? J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 80–85.
  • Latash, ML. (1992) Neurophysiological basis of movement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Liu, GS, Thornton, J, Van Winkle, DM, Stanley, AW, Olsson, RA, and Downey, JM. (1991) Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 84: 350.
  • Loenneke, JP, Fahs, CA, Rossow, LM, Sherk, VD, Thiebaud, RS, Abe, T, Bemben, DA, and Bemben, MG. (2012) Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise.Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 2903–2912.
  • Murry CE, Jennings RB and Reimer KA. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74: 1124.
  • Murry, C. E., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation, 74(5), 1124-1136.
  • O’Rourke B. (2000) Myocardial KATP channels in preconditioning. Circ Res 87: 845.
  • Oragui, E., Parsons, A., White, T., Longo, U. G., & Khan, W. S. (2011) Tourniquet use in upper limb surgery. Hand, 6(2), 165-173.
  • Özdemir FM., Yılmaz A. & Kin-İşler A. (2014). Genç Futbolcularda Tekrarlı Sprint Performansının Yaşa Göre İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Pearson, SJ, and Hussain, SR. (2014) Lack of association between post-activation potentiation and subsequent jump performance. Eur J Sports Sci 14(5): 418–425.
  • Pedowitz, R. A., Gershuni, D. H., Schmidt, A. H., Fridén, J., Rydevik, B. L., & Hargens, A. R. (1991) Muscle injury induced beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet: a quantitative animal study of effects of tourniquet pressure and duration. Journal of Hand Surgery, 16(4), 610-621.
  • Riksen NP, Smits P and Rongen GA. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: from molecular characterization to clinical application - part 1. Neth J Med 62(10): 353– 63.
  • Rixon, K, Lamont, H, and Bemden, HG. (2007) Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. J Strength Cond Res 21(2): 500–505.
  • Robbins DW. (2005) Postactivation potentiation and its practical applicability: a brief review. J. Strength Cond. Res 19(2): 453–458. Rønnestad, B. R., & Ellefsen, S. (2011) The effects of adding different whole-body vibration frequencies to preconditioning exercise on subsequent sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3306-3310.
  • Thompson KM, Whinton AK, Ferth S, Spriet LL & Burr JF (2018) Ischemic pre-conditioning does not influence maximal sprint acceleration performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 1-16. Tillin NA and Bishop D, (2009) Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on the performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Med 39(2): 147–166.
  • Tocco F, Marongiu E, Ghiani G, Sanna I, Palazzolo G, Olla S, and Crisafulli A. (2015) Muscle ischemic preconditioning does not improve performance during self-paced exercise. Int J Sports Med. 36(1): 9–15.
  • Wadley G, Le Rossignol P. (1998) The relationship between repeated sprint ability and the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1: 100-110.
  • Williams N, Russell M, Cook CJ & Kilduff LP. (2018) The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research.
  • Yellon, D. M., A. M. Alkhulaifi, and W. B. Pugsley. (1993) Preconditioning the human myocardium. The Lancet 342.8866; 276-277.
  • Yilmaz A, Gurses VV & Gulsen M. (2018) The effect of combined preconditioning strategies on isokinetic strength in well-trained kickboxers. Physical education of students, 22(5), 278-284.
  • Yılmaz A, Müniroğlu S, İşler AK & Akalan C. (2012) Aerobik ve anaerobik performans özelliklerinin tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ile ilişkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 95-100.
  • Yılmaz A, Soydan TA, Özkan A. & İşler AK. (2016) Farklı toparlanma sürelerinin tekrarlı sprint performansına etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 59-68.

BİRLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ÖNKOŞULLAMA STRATEJİSİ UYGULAMALARININ TEKRARLI SPRİNT PERFORMANSINA AKUT ETKİSİ

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 31 - 40, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.532007

Abstract

Önkoşullama stratejilerinin (ÖnKSt) tek başına
kullanılması performans üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Bununla birlikte,
birleşik önkoşullama stratejilerinin performansı üzerinde daha fazla etkisinin
olacağı düşünülmektedir ve bunu ispatlayan ilk araştırmalardan biride bu
çalışmadır.  Bu araştırma birleştirilmiş
önkoşullama stratejilerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerine akut etkisinin
incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır Aşağıdaki ön koşullanma stratejileri
birleştirilmiştir: sabah direnç egzersizi (SDE), aktif ısınma (AkI), hormonal
ön koşullama (HÖ), aktivasyon sonrası potansiyeli (ASP) ve iskemik ön koşullama
(İsÖ). Bu çalışmaya Ankara’daki bir üniversitenin Spor Bilimleri Bölümünde
okuyan 16 erkek  (yaş: 21,23 ± 1,69yıl,
boy: 173,91 ± 9,05 cm, vücut
ağırlığı: 69,95±13,05 kg) öğrenci katılmıştır Tüm katılımcılar ön testi
yapmalarının ardından farklı günlerde ÖnKSt ve Sham uygulamalarına girmişlerdir.
ÖnKSt grubu için testten önce sırayla SDE, İsÖ, HÖ ve ASP uygulanmış ardından
Tekrarlı sprint performanslarının belirlenmesi için 12x20m tekrarlı sprint
testine (TST) girmeleri istenmiştir. Sham için etki yaratmayacak uygulamalar
yapılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiki analiz sonuçlarına göre 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafelerinde
En iyi sprint zamanı değerlerinde Ön_test ve ÖnKSt arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Benzer şekilde Toplam sprint
zamanlarında Ön_test ve Sham arasında 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafelerinde ve
Performans Düşüş Yüzdesi açısından 0-20m mesafelerinde istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Bu çalışma, sonuç olarak
birleştirilmiş önkoşullama stratejilerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerinde
etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Bailey TG, Jones H, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Cable NT, and Thıjssen, DH.(2012) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on lactate accumulation and running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: 2084–2089.
  • Bishop D. Warm up I.(2003) Sports Med 33(6): 439–454.
  • Bishop D. Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up.(2003) Sports Med 33: 483–498.
  • Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C.(2003) The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 31(1), 3-7.
  • Clevidence MW, Mowery RE, and Kushnick MR. (2012)The effects of ischemic preconditioning on aerobic and anaerobic variables associated with submaximal cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 112(10): 3649–3654.
  • Cook CJ and Crewther BT.(2012) The effects of different pre-game motivational interventions on athlete free hormonal state and subsequent performance in professional rugby union matches. Physiol Behav 106: 683–688.
  • Cook CJ, Kilduff LP, and West DJ. (2013) Morning based strength training improves afternoon physical performance in rugby union players. J Sci Med Sport 17(3): 317–321.
  • Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, and Tocco T. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the muscles improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol 111(2): 530–536.
  • De Groot PCE, Thijssen DHJ, Sanchez M, Ellenkamp R, and Hopman MTE.(2010) Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 141–146.
  • Docherty D, Robbins D, and Hodgson M. (2004) Complex training revisited: a review of its current status as a viable training approach. Strength Cond J 26(6): 52–57.
  • Duruturk N, Ozunlu Pekyavas N, Yılmaz A and Karatas M. (2016) Is quadriceps Kinesio taping effective on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities of healthy subjects? – a randomized controlled study. Int J Athl Ther Train 21: 32–38.
  • Eisen, A, Fisman, EZ, and Rubenfire, M. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: nearly two decades of research. a comprehensive review. Atherosclerosis 172(2): 201–10.
  • Ekstrand, LG, Battaglini, CL, McMurray, RG, and Shields, EW. (2013) Assessing explosive power production using the backward overhead shot throw and the effects of morning resistance exercise on afternoon performance. J Strength Cond Res27(1): 101–106.
  • Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Schwerdtman JA, Ratamess NA, Kang J and Hoffman JR. (2006) Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weight vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. J Athl Train 41: 357–363.
  • Foster GP, Westerdahl DE, Foster LA, Hsu JV and Anholm JD. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the lower extremity attenuates the normal hypoxic increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 179(2): 248–253.
  • Gibson N, White J, Neish M and Murry A. (2013) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on land-based sprinting in team-sport athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 8: 671–676.
  • Griffin PJ, Ferguson RA, Gissane C, Bailey SJ & Patterson SD.(2018) Ischemic preconditioning enhances critical power during a 3-minute all-out cycling test. Journal of sports sciences, 36(9), 1038-1043.
  • Guggenheimer, JD, Dickin, DC, Reyes, GF, and Dolny, DG. (2009) The effects of specific preconditioning activities on acute sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1135–1139.
  • Gürke L, Mattei A, Chaloupka K, Marx A, Sutter PM, Stierli P & Heberer M. (2009) Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle. Journal of Surgical Research, 94.1: 18-27.
  • Hodgson, M, Docherty, D, and Robbins, D. (2005) Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Med 25(7): 385–395.
  • Jean-St-Michel E, Manlhiot C, Li J, Tropak M, Michelsen M, Schmidt MR, McCrindle BW, Walls GD and Redington AN. (2011) Remote preconditioning improves maximal performance in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(7): 1280–1286.
  • Kilduff LP, Finn CV, Baker JS, Cook CJ, West DJ. (2013) Preconditioning strategies to enhance physical performance on the day of the competition. International Journal Sports Physiology Performance, 8(6):677–81.
  • Kilduff, LP, Owen, N, Bevan, H, Bennett, M, Kingsley, MI, and Cunningham, D. (2008) Influence of recovery time on post-activation potentiation in professional rugby players. J Sports Sci 26: 795–802.
  • Lalonde F and Curnier D. (2014) Can anaerobic performance be improved by remote ischemic preconditioning? J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 80–85.
  • Latash, ML. (1992) Neurophysiological basis of movement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Liu, GS, Thornton, J, Van Winkle, DM, Stanley, AW, Olsson, RA, and Downey, JM. (1991) Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 84: 350.
  • Loenneke, JP, Fahs, CA, Rossow, LM, Sherk, VD, Thiebaud, RS, Abe, T, Bemben, DA, and Bemben, MG. (2012) Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise.Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 2903–2912.
  • Murry CE, Jennings RB and Reimer KA. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74: 1124.
  • Murry, C. E., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation, 74(5), 1124-1136.
  • O’Rourke B. (2000) Myocardial KATP channels in preconditioning. Circ Res 87: 845.
  • Oragui, E., Parsons, A., White, T., Longo, U. G., & Khan, W. S. (2011) Tourniquet use in upper limb surgery. Hand, 6(2), 165-173.
  • Özdemir FM., Yılmaz A. & Kin-İşler A. (2014). Genç Futbolcularda Tekrarlı Sprint Performansının Yaşa Göre İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Pearson, SJ, and Hussain, SR. (2014) Lack of association between post-activation potentiation and subsequent jump performance. Eur J Sports Sci 14(5): 418–425.
  • Pedowitz, R. A., Gershuni, D. H., Schmidt, A. H., Fridén, J., Rydevik, B. L., & Hargens, A. R. (1991) Muscle injury induced beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet: a quantitative animal study of effects of tourniquet pressure and duration. Journal of Hand Surgery, 16(4), 610-621.
  • Riksen NP, Smits P and Rongen GA. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: from molecular characterization to clinical application - part 1. Neth J Med 62(10): 353– 63.
  • Rixon, K, Lamont, H, and Bemden, HG. (2007) Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. J Strength Cond Res 21(2): 500–505.
  • Robbins DW. (2005) Postactivation potentiation and its practical applicability: a brief review. J. Strength Cond. Res 19(2): 453–458. Rønnestad, B. R., & Ellefsen, S. (2011) The effects of adding different whole-body vibration frequencies to preconditioning exercise on subsequent sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3306-3310.
  • Thompson KM, Whinton AK, Ferth S, Spriet LL & Burr JF (2018) Ischemic pre-conditioning does not influence maximal sprint acceleration performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 1-16. Tillin NA and Bishop D, (2009) Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on the performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Med 39(2): 147–166.
  • Tocco F, Marongiu E, Ghiani G, Sanna I, Palazzolo G, Olla S, and Crisafulli A. (2015) Muscle ischemic preconditioning does not improve performance during self-paced exercise. Int J Sports Med. 36(1): 9–15.
  • Wadley G, Le Rossignol P. (1998) The relationship between repeated sprint ability and the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1: 100-110.
  • Williams N, Russell M, Cook CJ & Kilduff LP. (2018) The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research.
  • Yellon, D. M., A. M. Alkhulaifi, and W. B. Pugsley. (1993) Preconditioning the human myocardium. The Lancet 342.8866; 276-277.
  • Yilmaz A, Gurses VV & Gulsen M. (2018) The effect of combined preconditioning strategies on isokinetic strength in well-trained kickboxers. Physical education of students, 22(5), 278-284.
  • Yılmaz A, Müniroğlu S, İşler AK & Akalan C. (2012) Aerobik ve anaerobik performans özelliklerinin tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ile ilişkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 95-100.
  • Yılmaz A, Soydan TA, Özkan A. & İşler AK. (2016) Farklı toparlanma sürelerinin tekrarlı sprint performansına etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 59-68.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atakan Yılmaz 0000-0002-4520-0220

Publication Date March 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A. (2019). BİRLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ÖNKOŞULLAMA STRATEJİSİ UYGULAMALARININ TEKRARLI SPRİNT PERFORMANSINA AKUT ETKİSİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.532007

Flag Counter