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THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC EXERCISES ON SOME MOTORIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 24 - 32, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.475382

Abstract

There are various training programs to improve sportive performance so that soccer-specific technical skills can be realized more easily. The aim of the EG is to examine the effect of the training program that including eccentric and concentric contractions on strength, balance and agility in young soccer players. 26 male soccer players (age:12±1.6years) who played in an amateur sport club participated voluntarily to the EG. Pre-tests were taken before the training program. There were two groups of athletes; the experimental group (EG; n=13) were applied eccentric and concentric contractions while CG players (CG; n=13) continued their traditional soccer trainings. The post tests were taken at the end of the 8-week training program. Pre and post tests were included flamingo balance test (FB), y balance test (YB), standing long jump test (SLJ), vertical jump test (VJ) and Illinois test (IT). When the obtained data were examined, EG athletes were statistically improved in all parameters in the pre and post-test (p<0.05) and no statistically significant difference was seen in the CG athletes (p>0.05). When the differences between the groups were examined, it was statistically significant in the y balance test (p<0.05; p=0.032) and Illinois test (p<0.05; p=0.022) parameters for respectively determining the dynamic balance and agility of EG athletes compared to CG athletes (p<0.05). As a conclusion, eccentric and concentric contraction exercises performed before sport specific training programs on soccer seem to be effective on dynamic balance and agility. It is also thought that such training programs can improve the performance of the athletes and prevent them from lower extremity injuries.

References

  • Ağaoğlu S.A., Taşmektepligil Y., Aksoy Y., Hazar F. (2008) Yaz spor okullarına katılan gençlerin yaş gruplarına göre fiziksel ve teknik gelişimlerinin analizi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, VI (3), 159-166.
  • Akgün N., (1982). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, s.221, İzmir.
  • Blimkie C.J.R., Sale D.G. (1998). Strength development and trainability during childhood. In: Pediatric Anaerobic Performance. E Van Praagh (ed.). Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, p, 193-224
  • Cowell J.F., Cronin J., Brughelli M. (2012). Eccentric muscle actions and how the strength and conditioning specialist might use them for a variety of purposes. Strength Cond J, 34, 33–48
  • Deforche B., Oyeyemi A.L., Adegoke B.O., Oyeyemi A.Y., Bourdeaudhuij I., Sallis J.F. (2012). Environmental factors associated with overweight among adults in nigeria. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 9, 32
  • Dickinson M.H., Farley C, T. Full R.J., Koehl M.A., Kram R., Lehman S. (2000). How animals move: an integrative view. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. Science, 288, 100 –106.
  • Eriksson B.0., (1972). Physical Training Oxygen Supply and Muscle Metabolizmin 11-13 Years Old Boys, Acta Physiologica, Scandanavica. Suppl. 384.
  • Erkmen N., Suveren S., Göktepe A.S., Yazıcıoğlu K. (2007) The comparison of balance performance of the athletes who are in different branches. Spormetre Beden Egitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, V (3), 115-122.
  • Hammami R., Granacher U., Makhlouf I., Behm D.G., Chaouachi A. (2016) Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3278- 3289.
  • Harman E., Garhammer J. (2008). Administration, scoring, and interpretation of selected tests, In: Beachle TR, Earle RW, Eds. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 3rd Edition. Champaign, IL. Human Kinetics, s. 249-292.
  • Hazır T., Mahir Ö.F., Açıkada C. (2010). Genç futbolcularda çeviklik ile vücut kompozisyonu ve anaerobik güç arasındaki ilişki [The relationship among agility, body composition and anaerobic strength in young soccer players]. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe, 146–153.
  • Hindistan İ.E., Muratlı S., Özer M.K., Erman E.K. (1999). Egzantrik, konsantrik ve uzama kısalma döngülü kas çalışmaları ile yapılan kuvvet antrenmanlarının dikey sıçrama performansına etkisi [The Effect of Strength Trainings Applied with Eccentric, Concentric and Expanding-Shortening Cycle-based Muscle Practices on The Performance of Vertical Jump]. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (BESBD), 3 (2), 20
  • Işık A., Ünlü G. (2017). Spor yaralanmalarından korunmada teknoloji turkiye klinikleri [Technology in protecting from sports-based injuries: clinics in Turkey] Journal of Sports Medicine-Special Topics, 3(3).
  • Johnston W., O’Reillya M.F., Coughlanc G., Caulfielda B. (2017). Inertial sensor technology can capture changes in dynamic balance control during the y balance test, Digit Biomark, 1,106–117
  • Karacabey K. (2013). Sport performance and agility tests. International Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1), 1693-1704.
  • Kayıtken B., Yücel S.B., Dinç N. (2012). Benzer Şiddet Düzeyindeki Egzersizlerde Farklı Kas Katılım Modellerinin Fizyolojik Parametrelere Olan Etkileri [The Effect of Different Muscle Participation Models in Similar Level Exercises on Physiological Parameters]. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 77–88.
  • LaStayo P.C., Woolf J.M., Lewek M.D., Snyder-Mackler L., Reich T., Lindstedt S.L. (2003). Eccentric muscle contractions: their contribution to injury, prevention, rehabilitation, and sport. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 33, 557–571
  • Lindstedt SL, LaStayo PC, Reich TE. (2001). When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. News Physiol Sci, 16, 256 –261
  • Malisoux L., Francaux M. Nielens H. (2006). Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol, 100, 771-780.
  • Meylan C., Malatesta D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613.
  • Muratlı S. (2003). ‘Çocuk ve Spor - Antrenman Bilimi Yaklaşımıyla’, Nobel Basımevi, 1. Baskı, 201-219, Ankara, Temmuz.
  • Özer DS, Özer K. Çocuklarda Motor Gelişim. Ankara. Nobel Dağıtım. 2007; 198; 7-225
  • Plisky P. J., Rauh M. J., Kaminski T. W., Underwood F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911-919.
  • Proske, U., Morgan, D.L. (2001) Muscle damage from eccentric exercise: mechanism, mechanical signs, adaptation and clinical applications. J Physiol, 537(2), 333–345.
  • Rosch D., Hodgson R., Peterson T.L., Graf-Baumannn T., Junge A., Chomiak J., Dvorak J. (2000). Assessment and evaluation of soccer performance. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29-39.
  • Schmidtbleicher D. (1992) Training for power events. in: the encyclopedia of sports medicine: strength and power in sport, edited by komi p. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, p. 169–179
  • Sevim Y. (2007). Antrenman Bilgisi [Training Studies]. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Soğat A. (2007). Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan 11–12 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerin Araştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya
  • Şendil A. (2008). Dehidrate olmuş bireylerde step machine aletinde yapılan egzersize bağlı olarak oluşan gecikmiş kas ağrısı (DOMS) üzerine izotonik spor içeceklerinin etkisi [The effect of isotonic sports drinks in dehydrated individuals on delayed onset muscle soreness caused by the exercise done on step machine]. Ankara: Hacetttepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri.
  • Thomas K., French D., Hayes P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332-335.
  • Turner A. (2011). Defining, developing and measuring agility. UK Strength and Conditioning Association, 22, 26-28.
  • Vogt M., Hoppeler H.H. (2013). Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct, The American Physiological Society, First published February 6, 2014; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.
  • Wilson G.J., Newton R.U., Murphy A.J., Humphries B.J. (1993). The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25, 1279-1286.

THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC EXERCISES ON SOME MOTORIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 24 - 32, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.475382

Abstract

There are various training programs to improve sportive performance so
that soccer-specific technical skills can be realized more easily. The aim of
the study is to examine the effect of the training program that including
eccentric and concentric contractions on strength, balance and agility in young
soccer players. 26 male soccer players (age:12±1.6years) who played in an
amateur sport club participated voluntarily to the study. Pre-tests were taken
before the training program. There were two groups of athletes; the
experimental group (EG; n=13) were applied exercises that including eccentric
and concentric contractions while Control Group players (CG; n=13) continued
their traditional soccer trainings. The post-tests were taken at the end of the
8-week training program. Pre- and post-test included flamingo balance test
(FB), y balance test (YB), standing long jump test (SLJ), vertical jump test
(VJ) and Illinois test (IT). When the obtained data were examined, EG athletes
were statistically improved in all the parameters in the pre-, and post-test
(p<0.05) and no statistically significant difference was seen in the CG
athletes (p>0.05). When the differences between the groups were examined, it
was statistically significant in the y balance test (p<0.05; p=0.032) and
Illinois test (p<0.05; p=0.022) parameters for respectively determining the
dynamic balance and agility of EG athletes compared to CG athletes (p<0.05).
As a conclusion, eccentric and concentric contraction exercises performed
before soccer specific training programs seem to be effective on dynamic
balance and agility. It is also thought that such training programs could improve
the performance of the athletes, and prevent them from lower extremity
injuries.

References

  • Ağaoğlu S.A., Taşmektepligil Y., Aksoy Y., Hazar F. (2008) Yaz spor okullarına katılan gençlerin yaş gruplarına göre fiziksel ve teknik gelişimlerinin analizi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, VI (3), 159-166.
  • Akgün N., (1982). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, s.221, İzmir.
  • Blimkie C.J.R., Sale D.G. (1998). Strength development and trainability during childhood. In: Pediatric Anaerobic Performance. E Van Praagh (ed.). Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, p, 193-224
  • Cowell J.F., Cronin J., Brughelli M. (2012). Eccentric muscle actions and how the strength and conditioning specialist might use them for a variety of purposes. Strength Cond J, 34, 33–48
  • Deforche B., Oyeyemi A.L., Adegoke B.O., Oyeyemi A.Y., Bourdeaudhuij I., Sallis J.F. (2012). Environmental factors associated with overweight among adults in nigeria. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 9, 32
  • Dickinson M.H., Farley C, T. Full R.J., Koehl M.A., Kram R., Lehman S. (2000). How animals move: an integrative view. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. Science, 288, 100 –106.
  • Eriksson B.0., (1972). Physical Training Oxygen Supply and Muscle Metabolizmin 11-13 Years Old Boys, Acta Physiologica, Scandanavica. Suppl. 384.
  • Erkmen N., Suveren S., Göktepe A.S., Yazıcıoğlu K. (2007) The comparison of balance performance of the athletes who are in different branches. Spormetre Beden Egitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, V (3), 115-122.
  • Hammami R., Granacher U., Makhlouf I., Behm D.G., Chaouachi A. (2016) Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3278- 3289.
  • Harman E., Garhammer J. (2008). Administration, scoring, and interpretation of selected tests, In: Beachle TR, Earle RW, Eds. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 3rd Edition. Champaign, IL. Human Kinetics, s. 249-292.
  • Hazır T., Mahir Ö.F., Açıkada C. (2010). Genç futbolcularda çeviklik ile vücut kompozisyonu ve anaerobik güç arasındaki ilişki [The relationship among agility, body composition and anaerobic strength in young soccer players]. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe, 146–153.
  • Hindistan İ.E., Muratlı S., Özer M.K., Erman E.K. (1999). Egzantrik, konsantrik ve uzama kısalma döngülü kas çalışmaları ile yapılan kuvvet antrenmanlarının dikey sıçrama performansına etkisi [The Effect of Strength Trainings Applied with Eccentric, Concentric and Expanding-Shortening Cycle-based Muscle Practices on The Performance of Vertical Jump]. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (BESBD), 3 (2), 20
  • Işık A., Ünlü G. (2017). Spor yaralanmalarından korunmada teknoloji turkiye klinikleri [Technology in protecting from sports-based injuries: clinics in Turkey] Journal of Sports Medicine-Special Topics, 3(3).
  • Johnston W., O’Reillya M.F., Coughlanc G., Caulfielda B. (2017). Inertial sensor technology can capture changes in dynamic balance control during the y balance test, Digit Biomark, 1,106–117
  • Karacabey K. (2013). Sport performance and agility tests. International Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1), 1693-1704.
  • Kayıtken B., Yücel S.B., Dinç N. (2012). Benzer Şiddet Düzeyindeki Egzersizlerde Farklı Kas Katılım Modellerinin Fizyolojik Parametrelere Olan Etkileri [The Effect of Different Muscle Participation Models in Similar Level Exercises on Physiological Parameters]. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 77–88.
  • LaStayo P.C., Woolf J.M., Lewek M.D., Snyder-Mackler L., Reich T., Lindstedt S.L. (2003). Eccentric muscle contractions: their contribution to injury, prevention, rehabilitation, and sport. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 33, 557–571
  • Lindstedt SL, LaStayo PC, Reich TE. (2001). When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. News Physiol Sci, 16, 256 –261
  • Malisoux L., Francaux M. Nielens H. (2006). Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol, 100, 771-780.
  • Meylan C., Malatesta D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613.
  • Muratlı S. (2003). ‘Çocuk ve Spor - Antrenman Bilimi Yaklaşımıyla’, Nobel Basımevi, 1. Baskı, 201-219, Ankara, Temmuz.
  • Özer DS, Özer K. Çocuklarda Motor Gelişim. Ankara. Nobel Dağıtım. 2007; 198; 7-225
  • Plisky P. J., Rauh M. J., Kaminski T. W., Underwood F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911-919.
  • Proske, U., Morgan, D.L. (2001) Muscle damage from eccentric exercise: mechanism, mechanical signs, adaptation and clinical applications. J Physiol, 537(2), 333–345.
  • Rosch D., Hodgson R., Peterson T.L., Graf-Baumannn T., Junge A., Chomiak J., Dvorak J. (2000). Assessment and evaluation of soccer performance. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29-39.
  • Schmidtbleicher D. (1992) Training for power events. in: the encyclopedia of sports medicine: strength and power in sport, edited by komi p. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, p. 169–179
  • Sevim Y. (2007). Antrenman Bilgisi [Training Studies]. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Soğat A. (2007). Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan 11–12 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerin Araştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya
  • Şendil A. (2008). Dehidrate olmuş bireylerde step machine aletinde yapılan egzersize bağlı olarak oluşan gecikmiş kas ağrısı (DOMS) üzerine izotonik spor içeceklerinin etkisi [The effect of isotonic sports drinks in dehydrated individuals on delayed onset muscle soreness caused by the exercise done on step machine]. Ankara: Hacetttepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri.
  • Thomas K., French D., Hayes P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332-335.
  • Turner A. (2011). Defining, developing and measuring agility. UK Strength and Conditioning Association, 22, 26-28.
  • Vogt M., Hoppeler H.H. (2013). Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct, The American Physiological Society, First published February 6, 2014; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.
  • Wilson G.J., Newton R.U., Murphy A.J., Humphries B.J. (1993). The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25, 1279-1286.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atakan Çağlayan 0000-0002-5279-6907

İbrahim Erdemir 0000-0002-5279-6907

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çağlayan, A., & Erdemir, İ. (2019). THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC EXERCISES ON SOME MOTORIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.475382

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