Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Sporcularının Relatif Kol Kuvvetlerinin İvmelenme Hızı Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 353 - 365, 05.10.2024

İrfan Marangoz

https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1464214

Abstract

Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu (WB), en popüler Paralimpik sporlardan biridir ve engelli bireyler tarafından uygulanan başlıca sporlardan biridir. Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol sporu özellikle tekerleği çevirme, ribaund alma, pas atma, baş üstü seviyede şut atma gibi manevralar ve yüksek yoğunluktaki aktivitelerle karakterize, kural ve sınıflandırmalar çerçevesinde oynanan bir spordur. Tekerlekli sandalye ile mobilize olan bireylerde üst ekstremite kas kuvveti oldukça önemlidir. Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol sporunda sporcuların üst ekstremite kas kuvveti, dayanıklılık, sürat ve el becerisi gibi parametreler; hem basket atma, pas atma, fırlatma ve tekerlekli sandalyenin itilmesi gibi spora özgü aktiviteleri yerine getirmede, hem de tekerlekli sandalyeyi kontrol etmede kritik önem arz eder. Tekerlekli sandalye oyuncularının fiziksel durum değerlendirmesinde, tekerlekli sandalye kullanımını ve itişini doğrudan etkilemesinden dolayı üst ekstremite kuvveti ve gücü önemlidir. Kas dengesi bir kas veya kas grubuyla bunu karşılayan, ters yönde hareket sağlayan kas veya kas grubuyla ilişkilidir. Sporcunun maksimal kuvvetini kullanabilmesi ve en uygun düzeyde performansa dönüştürebilmesi için belirli bir kas dengesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bugün pek çok spor branşında, kuvvet çalınmalarının daha fazla uygulanması suretiyle kuvvetin daha fazla geliştirilmesi istenmektedir. Kas kuvvetinin artışı, iyi planlanmış ve organize edilmiş antrenmanların içeriğine bağlıdır. Newton’ un ikinci aksiyonuna göre ivmelenme kuvvetin büyüklüğüyle pozitif ilişkiye sahiptir. Bu ilişki kuvvet antrenmanları ile sürat özelliğinin geliştirilebileceği konusuna ışık tutmaktadır. Bunun nedeni olarak, tekerlekli sandalye basketbolunda sporcuların hızlı bir şekilde hareket etmesine engel olan dış faktörlerden en önemlisi tekerlekli sandalyenin zemin ile arasındaki friksiyonudur. Güç ortaya çıkarma becerisi açısından tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu, koşan basketbolculardan (engelli olmayan) ayıran en belirgin özellik, sporcunun kendi ağırlığına ilave olarak tekerlekli sandalyenin ağırlığı ile yerçekimine ve zemindeki friksiyona karşı verdiği mücadeledir.

Keywords

Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcuları, relatif kol kuvveti, ivmelenme

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