Önce kendini, sonra sahip olduğu değerleri dışarıdan gelebilecek tehditlere-tehlikelere karşı korumak isteyen insanoğlu, tarih boyunca farklı savunma yöntemleri araştırmış ve geliştirmiştir. Tarihsel süreç içinde bir gerekliliğe dönüşen bu arayış, farklı savunma pratiklerinin ve savunma yapılarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Geçmiş medeniyetlerin mimarlık miraslarından olan savunma yapıları toplumların savunma tarihleri ve teknolojileri hakkındaki bilgilere ulaşılmasına olanak sağlar; sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapıları hakkında yorum yapılmasına da katkı sunar. İlkel dönemlerden başlayarak doğanın çeşitli etkilerinden, yırtıcı hayvanlardan ya da saldırgan gruplardan korunmak amacıyla inşa edilen savunma yapıları, toplumların gelişmişlik düzeyine ve bulunduğu bölgenin coğrafi özelliklerine bağlı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınan ve Çatalca Bölgesi’nde bulunan savunma yapıları üç farklı dönemin ürünü olduğu gibi, savunma yapılarının tarihsel süreç içinde geçirdiği evrimi yansıtan ender örneklerdendir. Çatalca Bölgesi’nin jeopolitik açıdan önemini ortaya çıkaran bu yapılar Karadeniz’den Marmara Denizi’ne, kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan savunma hatlarını oluşturmaktadır. İnşa edildikleri dönemde, İstanbul’un savunulması için aktif rol üstlenen bu savunma yapıları günümüzde çeşitli koruma sorunlarına bağlı olarak yok olma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır. Bölgedeki tarihi savunma yapılarının sayısı ve çeşidi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Çatalca Bölgesi’nin savunma tarihimiz açısından önemi anlaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu savunma yapılarının tarihi ve mimari değerlerinin gün yüzüne çıkarılmasına ve koruma sorunlarına dikkat çekilerek konuyla ilgili farkındalığın arttırılmasına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.
Human beings, who want to protect themselves against threats and dangers that may come from outside, have researched and developed different defense methods throughout history. This search, which has become a necessity in the historical process, has led to the emergence of different defense practices and defense structures. Defense structures, which are one of the important sources that shed light on the experiences of past civilizations and one of the building blocks of the architectural heritage, allow access to information about the defense history and technologies of societies, as well as contribute to comment on their social, cultural and economic structures. These defensive structure, which were built to protect from various effects of nature, predators or aggressive groups starting from the primitive periods, differ depending on the development level of the societies and the geographical features of the region. Changing combat techniques and technologies have accelerated the transformation, renewal and development of defense structures in the process.
Çatalca Region has an important area among the military architectural heritage sites in terms of the originality and diversity of its historical defense structures. The defense structures in the region are cultural properties that represent the military architecture and defense strategy of the period they were built. This study, which investigates the historical defense structures in the Çatalca Region, consists of three sections. In the first part, changes in defense structures through historical process were discussed. Also, the elements that trigger the development of defense structures were briefly handled. In the second part, in parallel with the development of defense structures in the historical course, defense structures in the Çatalca Region were addressed. The history and architectural features of the defense structures in the region were tried to be emphasized. In the last part, a general evaluation was made on these defensive structures and their current situation and the conservation problems identified following the fieldworks were pointed out.
The defense structures discussed in this study and located in the Çatalca Region are the products of three different periods and are rare examples that reflect the evolution of defense structures in the historical process. These structures, which reveal the geopolitical importance of the Çatalca Region, form the defense lines extending from the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea in the north-south direction. These defense structures, which took an active role to defend Istanbul during the period they were built, face the danger of extinction today due to various protection problems. Considering the number and type of historical defense structures in the region, the importance of the Çatalca Region in terms of our defense history is understood. However, the fact that most of the historical defense structures in the region have not been legally protected and comprehensive conservation works have not been carried out for these structures, shows that the awareness about the military architectural heritage is not at the desired level. In this context, it is aimed to bring the historical and architectural values of these defense structures to light and to raise awareness on the issue by drawing attention to conservation problems.
Military Architecture Defense Structure Line of Defense Architectural Heritage Conservation Çatalca
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Cultural Studies |
Journal Section | RESEARCH |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 15, 2021 |
Published in Issue | Year 2021 |