Kemeraltı Çarşısı, tarihi liman kenti İzmir’in yüzyıllardır çeşitli dini ve etnik kimliklere ev sahipliği yaparak yaşayagelen canlı bir ticaret merkezidir. Çok sayıda ticari, dini ve sosyal yapıdan oluşan zengin bir dokuya sahiptir. Günümüzde Hisarönü Meydanı’nda bulunan ve adını Latinler ile Türkler arasında birçok kez el değiştiren Eski İç Liman’ın girişindeki Aşağı/Liman Kale’den alan Hisar (Yakub Bey) Camii de bu dokunun en önemli yapılarındandır. Anıtsallığı, plan şeması ve zengin süslemeleri ile İzmir’in simgesel eserlerinden biri olan Hisar Camii, inşa tarihi, banisi ve inşa evreleri hakkında birçok soru işareti barındırmaktadır. Resim, gravür ve arşiv belgelerinin yetersizliği ya da henüz ulaşılamamış olması yapının özellikle 19. yüzyıl başlarına kadar geçirdiği inşa ve onarım evrelerinin saptanmasında ciddi güçlükler yaratmaktadır. Bununla birlikte çeşitli belgeler ve yapıdan gelen izlerden hareketle 19. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar yapılan çeşitli müdahalelere ilişkin bazı saptamalar yapmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu makalede, özellikle 1813, 1881 ve 1927 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen müdahalelerin kapsamı ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiş, yapının taşıyıcı sistemindeki değişiklikler ve süslemelerinin tarihlendirilmesine ilişkin yeni öneriler getirilmiştir. 2018 yılında basit onarım kapsamında başlatılan çalışmalarda elde edilen veriler de yapının geçirdiği bazı onarımların kaynaklarda belirtilenlerden daha kapsamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmalarımız sırasında yeni mimari bulguların yanı sıra yapının tarihsel sürecinde aktif rol oynadığı saptanan ancak bugüne kadar herhangi bir yayında sözü edilmeyen bazı hattat isimlerine de rastlanmış ve bu bilgilere de ilk kez makalemizde yer verilmiştir.
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Kemeraltı Bazaar is a vivid commercial center of the historical port city of İzmir, which has been hosting various religious and ethnic identities for centuries. It has a very rich texture consisting of commercial, religious and social structures. Hisar (Yakub Bey) Mosque, which is located in Hisarönü Square today and takes its name from the Lower/Liman Castle at the entrance of the Old Inner Port, which changed hands many times between the Latins and the Turks, is one of the most important structures of this texture. There are many question marks about the construction date, founder and construction phases of Hisar Mosque, which is one of the iconic works of İzmir with its monumentality, plan scheme and rich ornaments. The inadequacy of painting, engraving and archival documents or the fact that they have not been reached yet create serious difficulties in determining the construction and repair phases of the building, especially until the beginning of the 19th century. However, it is possible to make some determinations regarding the various interventions made from the 19th century to the present, based on various documents and traces from the building.
In this article, the scope of the interventions that the building was exposed to in 1813, 1881 and 1927 and the question whether it was possible to reconstruct the structure by introducing new suggestions to the dating of the carrier system and have been examined in detail. The data obtained from the studies initiated in 2018 within the scope of simple restorations showed that some restorations of the structure were more extensive than those stated in the sources. Although there is limited information in the sources about the scope of the activities of 1813, some of the data we discovered during our studies are remarkable. The signature of “Ali Vehbi” on the richly crafted marble pulpit is important in that it has not been mentioned in any source related to the Hisar Mosque until now. Calligrapher Ali Vehbi’s signature can be found on the northern façade of the İlyaszade/Maraş Fountain in the Çeşme district of İzmir and on the western façade of the Dönertaş Fountain dated 1814. Another section that can be dated to this period is the carrier system, which is understood to have a polygonal section, and their Baroque stone capitals. The polygonal cross-section carriers and stone capitals were thickened due to the cylindrical shape of the body during the restoration in 1927, and the capitals were covered in plaster decorations in Baroque style.
Although the sources giving information about the building give limited information on the restoration in 1881, it is understood that the plaster decorations are also the product of this period, based on the phrases “Year 1299” (1881-1882) in the prayer hall.
In the restoration works that started in 2018, reinforced concrete annexes applied between 1982 and 1985 were determined. The data we obtained during our study is important in that it has not been mentioned in any source related to the building so far.
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Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | RESEARCH |
Authors | |
Project Number | - |
Publication Date | July 9, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 |