Konya İli, Bozkır ilçesi Dereiçi (Gederet) mahallesinde yer alan toplam sekiz adet sarnıçtan yalnızca dört sarnıç günümüze gelebilmiştir. Düzen Sarnıcı, Göktaş Sarnıcı, Gömme Sarnıcı ve Güney Sarnıcı adlarıyla anılan yapılar, Konya Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kurulu tarafından 23 Mayıs 2008 tarihli ve 2375 sayılı kurul kararıyla korunması gerekli taşınmaz kültür varlığı olarak tescillenmiştir. Konya, kurak ve bozkır iklimine sahip bir kent olmasından ötürü gerek yerleşimin merkezinde gerek ise kırsalında tarihsel olarak su temininde karşılaşılan zorluklarla başa çıkmak amacıyla oldukça çok sayıda sarnıç inşa edilmiştir. Dereiçi (Gederet) sarnıçları “kısmi (yarı) gömme tipi” olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz tipolojide yer alan yapılar olup, dikdörtgen planlı ve tonozla örtülüdür. Plan şemaları ve üst örtüleriyle özellikle Teke yöresi ve yakın çevresinde görülen dairesel gövdeli ve üzeri kubbe veya külahla örtülü sarnıç tipi Konya’nın merkezinde veya ilçe ve kasabalarında görülmemektedir. Dereiçi (Gederet) sarnıçlarında kapının yeri ve yönü tepelerden ve çevresindeki yükseltilerden vadi tabanına inen kar ve yağmur suyunun geliş yönüne göre belirlenmiş ve kimi zaman bu tip sarnıçların inşasında araziye buna bağlı olarak eğim verilmiş veya ayrıca arklar yapılmıştır. Yerel ustalar tarafından inşa edildiğini tahmin ettiğimiz sarnıçların hiçbirinde inşa tarihini veren bir kitabe yer almamaktadır. Taş işçiliği, bölgede rahat ulaşılan malzemenin kullanımı bu sarnıçlarda yerel mimarinin bir yansımasıdır. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren hız kazanan sarnıç inşaatları, dönemin kuraklık ve su kıtlığı sorunlarına karşı üretilen çözümlerdir. 1844 ve 1928 yıllarında yaşanan büyük kuraklıklar, özellikle İç Anadolu bölgesindeki halkın suya erişimini zorlaştırmış ve bu durum sarnıç inşaatlarının artmasına sebep olmuştur. Dereiçi mahallesindeki şimdiye kadar hiçbir yayında incelenmemiş ve araştırmaya konu edilmemiş bu sarnıçlar da su sorununa çözüm maksadıyla 19. yüzyıl sonu 20. yüzyıl başında inşa edilmiş, halk mimarisini ve işçilik geleneğini temsil eden örnekler olarak korunması gerekli kültür varlıklarıdır.
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Konya Closed Basin is characterized by higher temperatures compared to other regions of Central Anatolia and is notably deficient in surface water resources. This situation has necessitated the construction of cisterns in areas lacking underground water sources, with the primary purpose of collecting snowmelt and rainwater. Particularly in villages such as Çumra, Bozkır, Karapınar, Seydişehir, and certain villages in Aksaray, these cisterns have played a pivotal role in addressing the region’s water requirements. In antiquity, various types of cisterns have been identified in Konya and its surrounding areas. During the Anatolian Seljuk period, cisterns were constructed in urban centers, towns, and along caravan routes. These structures not only addressed the water needs of caravans but also contained troughs for watering animals. Around Anatolia, stone-built cisterns were widespread, both in the ancient period and during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. During the 1522 Rhodes Campaign, cisterns were strategically placed along the Tavas, Muğla, and Bodrum routes to supply water to the Ottoman army. The structural designs of cisterns are diverse. Some cisterns take the form of open pools, while others are covered with domes, vaults, or conical roofs. Some cisterns feature one or two openings (cistern mouths) for water extraction. Certain examples also include stairs leading into the cistern reservoir and distinctive entry doors. The interior walls of these cisterns are typically plastered with mortar to prevent water leakage, with some cases where this plaster is also applied to the outer surfaces. Typologically, cisterns are classified into carved rock cisterns, ground-embedded cisterns (fully and partially embedded), and single or double-storey fully embedded cisterns. Carved rock cisterns are typically found in natural areas, while fully embedded cisterns are more efficient in utilizing surface water collection. In Bozkır District of Konya Province, in Dereiçi (Gederet) village, only four out of a total of eight cisterns have survived. These structures, named Düzen Cistern, Göktaş Cistern, Gömme Cistern, and Güney Cistern, were designated as immovable cultural assets requiring protection by the Konya Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation Board under decision no. 2375 on May 23, 2008. The design of these cisterns has been adapted to their surrounding surface conditions. The cisterns in Dereiçi (Gederet) can be classified as “partially (semi) embedded” types, featuring rectangular plans and vaulted roofs. Their structural forms and roof types differ significantly from the circular-bodied cisterns covered with domes or conical roofs, which are commonly seen in the Teke region and surrounding areas, and are not found in central or rural Konya. The location and orientation of the cistern doors in Dereiçi (Gederet) are strategically determined based on the flow direction of rainwater and snowmelt descending from the surrounding hills to the valley floor. In certain cases, the terrain near the cisterns has been graded to facilitate water flow, or arches have been constructed for this purpose. None of the cisterns, which we assume were built by local craftsmen, bear an inscription indicating their date of construction. The stone masonry and the use of materials that are easily accessible in the region are a reflection of local architecture in these cisterns. The rapid expansion of cistern construction since the 19th century was primarily a response to the drought and water scarcity challenges of the time. Major droughts in 1844 and 1928 exacerbated the difficulties in accessing water, particularly in the Central Anatolian region, leading to an increase in cistern construction. The cisterns examined in Dereiçi Village were constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as part of the local response to water scarcity, serving as representations of folk architecture and craftsmanship traditions.
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Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Islamic Arts, History of Architecture, Art History |
Journal Section | RESEARCH |
Authors | |
Project Number | - |
Early Pub Date | July 14, 2025 |
Publication Date | July 14, 2025 |
Submission Date | January 2, 2025 |
Acceptance Date | May 5, 2025 |
Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 34 Issue: 1 |