Şap Hastalığında Klinik Bulgular, Tanı Yaklaşımları ve Tedavi Stratejileri: Türkiye Örneği Güncel Bir Derleme

Year 2025, Issue: 9, 98 - 119, 23.12.2025

Ayşe Özge Demir , Sinan Hakan

Abstract

Şap hastalığı (FMD), sığır, koyun, keçi ve domuz gibi çift tırnaklı hayvanları etkileyen, dünya genelinde en yıkıcı ekonomik sonuçlara yol açan sınır aşan hayvan hastalıklarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Avrupa ve Asya arasında stratejik bir köprü konumunda bulunan Türkiye, dönemsel olarak şap salgınlarıyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması, Türkiye’de şap hastalığına karşı kullanılan klinik bulgular, tanı yöntemleri, tedavi protokolleri ve korunma stratejilerine kapsamlı bir bakış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada özellikle türlere özgü klinik tablolar, ayırıcı tanının önemi ve RT-PCR ile ELISA gibi moleküler tanı yöntemlerinin hızlı hastalık doğrulamasındaki yeri vurgulanmıştır. Destekleyici tedavi seçenekleri arasında anti-enflamatuvar uygulamalar, beslenme desteği ve sekonder enfeksiyon kontrolü saha koşulları ışığında tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin aşılama stratejileri ve bölgesel kontrol programlarının güncel etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, veteriner hekimlerin sürekli eğitimi, sürveyans sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi ve yetiştiricilerin farkındalığının artırılmasının, hızlı müdahale ve şap hastalığının sosyoekonomik yükünün azaltılması açısından hayati önem taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Şap hastalığı (FMD) , Türkiye , ELISA , RT-PCR

Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Approaches and Preventive Strategies for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Türkiye: A Contemporary Review*

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most economically devastating transboundary animal diseases worldwide, affecting cloven hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. Türkiye, due to its strategic geographical position bridging Europe and Asia, continues to face periodic challenges from FMD outbreaks. This review based study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment protocols and prevention strategies currently employed against FMD in Türkiye. Emphasis is placed on the species specific clinical presentations, the importance of differential diagnosis and the integration of molecular diagnostics such as RT-PCR and ELISA in rapid disease confirmation. Supportive treatment options, including anti-inflammatory therapy, nutritional support and secondary infection control are discussed in light of field realities. Furthermore, Türkiye’s vaccination strategies and regional control programs are evaluated for their current effectiveness. The findings underscore the need for continuous veterinary training, improved surveillance systems and enhanced awareness among livestock owners to ensure timely response and reduce the socioeconomic burden of FMD.

Keywords

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) , Türkiye , ELISA , RT-PCR

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