1. SPELLING RULES ACCORDING TO WRITING TYPES
Spelling rules are defined below according to the types of manuscripts to be submitted to journals for publication. The articles to be submitted to the journal should be prepared in accordance with the principles specified in the writing rules, sufbd_draft and sufbd_template.

1.1. ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
• Articles can be written in Turkish or English and/or Turkish-English.
• Publications should be prepared in Microsoft Office Word compatible programs, in Times New Roman font, with 2.5 cm margins on all sides, justified, 1.5 line spacing, and the page number should be placed in the center of the page.
• Research articles should not be longer than 15 pages including text, references, figures and tables. Figures and tables should be given at the end of the text.
• If the article is in Turkish: Turkish Title, Author names and addresses, Abstract and Keywords, English Title (titel), abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Acknowledgments (if necessary) and References.
• If the article is in English: English Title, Author names and addresses, Abstract, Keywords, Turkish Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Material and Methods, Result and Discussion, Acknowledgments (if necessary) and References.
Title: The title should be appropriate to the content of the manuscript, as short and clear as possible. The first letters of the words should be capitalized, written in lower case, 13 pt, bold and centered on the page.
Author Names: The name(s) and surname of the author(s) (first names in lower case, last names in upper case) should be written in 12 pt. and in normal font. Author addresses should be written below the author names and numbered in 10 pt. The addresses of the authors (if different) should be indicated with a superscript number at the end of the name of the corresponding author. The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk (*) and the e-mail address should be given at the end of the first page as a footnote.
Abstract: It should include the purpose of the study, how it was conducted, the results and the author(s)' evaluation of the results, should not exceed 300 words and should be written in 10 pt.
Keywords: There should be a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6. “Keywords” should be given under the Abstract and ‘Keywords’ should be given under the Abstract. “Keywords” and ‘Keywords’ subheadings should be left justified, in 10 pt. font size, bold, and the words should be separated from each other with semicolons (;) (e.g. Word 1; word 2; word 3). There should be no abbreviations in this section.
English Title: The English title should be centered, 13 pt, bold, and written in lower case with the first letters of the words capitalized.
Abstract: Abstract should be written in English in 10 font size, not exceeding 300 words.
Main section headings: Uppercase bold (12 p), First subsection headings: Lowercase bold (12 p), Second subsection headings: Lower case bold and italicized (12 p).
1. Introduction: It should cover the importance and purpose of the study and previous basic research on the subject. The summary of the literature and the purpose and importance of the study should be given in this section and should be written in 12 font size.
2. Material and Method: The research material and method should be described in detail in this section and written in 12-point font. If necessary, a subheading related to the method can be used.
If statistical evaluations were made in the study, the last subheading of the Materials and Methods section should be written as follows.
Statistical analysis: Statistical methods, package program, etc. used in the evaluation of the data should be written.
3. Findings and Discussion: Research findings and discussion should be given in this section and the importance of the results obtained in the research should be emphasized and compared with previous studies and should be written in 12 pt.
4. Conclusion: The results and recommendations obtained from the research should be given in this section in 12-point font.
Tables and Figures: Numerical values should be named as “Table x.”; Graphics, maps, photographs, pictures, etc. should be named as “Figure x.”. Tables and figures should not be placed in the text as (Table 1) or (Figure 1) and should be indicated at the end of the relevant sentence. Table titles should be written above the relevant table and figure descriptions should be written below the relevant figure without using tabs, the first letter of the first word should be capitalized, all letters of the other words should be lowercase and in 11 pt. Text within tables can be in 9-11 pt. according to preference. Explanations related to the table should be given under the table with an asterisk (*). Tables and figures should be centered on the page and given at the end of the page.
Numerical expressions: In terms of general appearance, a period should be used as a decimal separator (Example: 25.17 oC; 4.25 kg; 12.5%, etc.), a nonbroken/forced space should be left as a thousand separator to facilitate reading (Example: 15 000; 45 564 123; 45 123.25, etc.). ), the numbers should be placed in the center in charts with numbers, the number of digits after decimal brackets should be equal (example: 25.12; 45.36; 12.10%; 45.80%, etc.), and when two consecutive numbers should be given, a hyphen ( - ) should be placed between the two numbers (example: 14.2-17.3; 12-47%, etc.).
Citing references within the work: It should be done as follows on the basis of “Author and Year”;
Single named references; (Özbek, 1982),....Two named references; (Couch and Metz, 1977),....More than two named references; (Couch et al., 1999),....Institutional publications and information taken from the internet without author in Turkish and foreign language; (Anonymous, 2006),... - (Web1, 2003),...should be given as. In addition, when a topic is opened or information is given in the text, when the source(s) from which the information is taken is to be given between sentences or at the end of the sentence, according to the number of names in the source (Öztürk & Selli, 2013; Göncü, 2014; Çetin et al, 2015).In the text, quotations from a subject in an uncovered work or from another publication can be shown as follows; “According to Akın and his friends (1950), Taner (1945) determined it as ........” or “.......identified (Özkütük, 1945: from Akın et al. 1950)”. Works cited in the text but not found and quoted from another source (Özkütük et al., 1950) should not be included in the “References” section.
Acknowledgments: Acknowledgements to the relevant institutions or individuals, if any, should be written in this section.
Contribution Rate and Conflict of Interest: In studies with more than one author, the contribution rate and conflict of interest declaration of the authors should be stated at the manuscript submission stage.
Ethics Committee Permission: In our journal, all studies that require ethics committee approval must be approved by the relevant committee. Surveys, experiments, observations, clinical and animal studies, and research involving personal data are subject to ethics committee approval. This permission must be clearly stated in the text of the article. Studies without ethical approval are not evaluated. Scientific research on humans and animals must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ARRIVE guidelines and approval must be obtained from the relevant ethics committee. Studies without ethics committee approval are not evaluated in our journal.
References: References should appear at the end of the article and should be listed alphabetically according to the surname of the author and chronologically for the same author and should be written in 12-point font. References should be listed in accordance with APA format. Bottom lines should be 1 cm inside and without tabs and there should be no spaces between references. Book titles and periodicals should be italicized.

References should be written according to the examples below.

a) Journal Article
Yücel, D. Ö., Anlarsal, A. E., & Yücel, C. (2006). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30(3), 183-188.

b) Book
Tükel, T., & Hatipoğlu, R. (1997). Meadow Pasture Management. Çukurova University. Agriculture. Fak. Offset Workshop, (p 152).

c) Book chapter
Fıratlı, Ç. (1993) Bee breeding: Animal Breeding. M. Ertuğrul (Ed.), 239-270, Bilgi Publishing House, Ankara.

d) Congress/symposium/conference book
Yücel, C., Yucel, D., Ortas, I., Islam K.R. (2013). Possible Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Agricultural Measures to be Taken. Turkey Xth Field Crops Congress, September 10-13, Konya, S: 418-424

e) Online Document
Cartwright, J. (2007) Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing Physics Web: http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1 Accessed 26 June 2007.

f) Theses
Trent, J. W. (1975) Experimental Acuterenal Failure. Doctoral Thesis (Master's Thesis), University of California.

g) A source of unknown authorship and/or date
Anonymous, (2004) T.C. Prime Ministry General Directorate of State Meteorological Affairs, Elazığ Provincial Directorate Records.

• The “International System of Units” (SI) must be followed in article writing.

1.2. REVIEW TYPE ARTICLES
Review-type manuscripts are evaluated within the scope of review-type manuscripts if a sufficient number of scientific articles are scanned and summarized at the level of current knowledge and technology, evaluated and interpreted by comparing the findings. The writing rules defined above for original research papers also apply to review-type manuscripts and should not be longer than 10 pages.

1.3. TECHNICAL NOTE
Studies that bring an innovation of practical value and provide an advance or convenience that is superior to existing methods are considered as Technical Notes, and the writing rules defined above for original research papers also apply to Technical Notes and should not be longer than 3 pages.

1.4. LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Additional scientific contributions, comments and criticisms written to the editor for the research article written in the journal are considered as Letters to the Editor. The writing rules defined above for original research articles also apply to letters to the editor and should not be longer than 3 pages.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
In the publication process of our journal, it is very important that authors, publishers, referees and editors comply with the standards for ethical principles. Ethical duties and responsibilities in all transactions carried out within the scope of our journal are guided by the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of the Council of Higher Education and the publication ethics and policies specified by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
a) Plagiarism: Representing the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citation in accordance with scientific rules,
b) Forgery: Using non-existent or falsified data in scientific research,
c) Distortion: Falsifying research records or data obtained, falsifying devices or materials not used in the research, falsifying or shaping the results of the research in line with the interests of the persons and organizations receiving support,
ç) Republishing: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
d) Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into parts in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and inappropriately and publishing them in more than one number and presenting these publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
e) Unfair authorship: Including or excluding people who have not made active contributions, changing the order of authors in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made active contributions from the work in subsequent editions, using one's influence to have one's name included among the authors even though one has not made active contributions,

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Our journal requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to mrustemoglul@sirnak.edu.tr if they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in our journal or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome submissions and respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. In the case of major errors/violations that invalidate findings and conclusions, editors should consider retracting the article. COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern are taken into account.

Plagiarism Check
All articles submitted to SUFBD are scanned with the iThenticate plagiarism software program. Articles with plagiarism problems are returned immediately.
In case of suspected plagiarism in a published article:
• The person reporting the plagiarism is informed about the process to be followed.
• The similarities of the articles are compared.
• The editors of SUFBD are informed and asked for their comments.
• The corresponding author(s) will be contacted with the documents that will be shown as evidence for the plagiarism case and asked for his/her response on the issue.
• If the author(s) is found guilty of plagiarism, the editor of the journal in which the original plagiarized article was published and the author(s) of the plagiarized article will be informed.
• The online version of the article is withdrawn.
• SUFBD rejects article proposals from authors involved in plagiarism cases for three years.

Financial Support
Authors should clearly declare the financial support provided by any organization within the scope of their work in the text of the article.

ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL
Our journal requires that the relevant ethics committee decision must be obtained for all studies in all disciplines that require ethics committee permission. In this context, information about the ethics committee approval (name of the committee, date and decision number) should be clearly stated in the text of the article. In case reports, the information that the informed consent form has been obtained should be included in the article.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies that do not have ethics committee permission are not evaluated in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
In our journal, researches that require ethics committee permission include the following studies:
• All research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that involve collecting data from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, experiments and interview techniques,
• Studies in which humans and animals (including materials or data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical trials conducted on humans,
• Scientific research on animals,
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
In order for such studies to be included in the evaluation, the relevant ethics committee permissions must be obtained and these permissions must be clearly stated in the text of the article.

NOTE: Scientific research on humans and animals must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ARRIVE guidelines and approval must be obtained from the relevant ethics committee.

PUBLICATION ETHICS
Within the scope of Sirnak University Journal of Science, editors, referees, authors and publisher comply with the following rules in terms of publication ethics.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Editors;
• The editors are obliged to increase the scientific quality of Sirnak University Journal of Science and to endeavor to have it scanned and indexed in various scientific platforms.
• Articles submitted to Sirnak University Journal of Science are evaluated based on publication quality (importance, originality, validity and clarity of the study), journal objectives and ethical rules.
• They make decisions independent of the individual characteristics of the authors (gender, sexual orientation, political opinions, ethnicity, religion and race).
• They keep privileged information or ideas confidential and do not use them for personal gain.
• Editors are responsible for protecting human and animal rights in the case of human and animal studies. They are responsible for rejecting the article if the ethics committee approval is not sent in studies that require an ethics committee report.
• Referees should take the necessary warnings and measures to evaluate the article in a timely, impartial and scientific manner.
• Editors should work on continuous updating and expansion of the referee pool.
• Editors should check the submission files and appoint referees after making sure that the files other than the article file are complete. It should be checked whether the author has uploaded all the additional declarations required by the journal in a signed form.
• They check the suitability of the manuscripts submitted to Sirnak University Journal of Science in terms of plagiarism and ethical principles.
• Editors take the manuscripts prepared in accordance with the article outline in the writing rules to the preliminary control stage, and the manuscripts deemed appropriate in the preliminary control are sent to the referees for evaluation.
• The manuscripts are sent to the referees for evaluation in accordance with the double-blind peer review process without specifying the author's name. The evaluations and suggestions from the referees are sent to the authors without sharing the referee information.
• They lead the review of articles by at least two referees who are experts in their field.
• Unless there is an important reason, the editor and the field editor should take into account the positive opinions of the referees.
• They do not consider manuscripts related to authors or institutions with which they are affiliated because of any conflict of interest or conflict of interest, and therefore ask the editor-in-chief to ask another appropriate editor to handle the manuscript.
• Take responsive measures when ethical concerns arise regarding a proposed or published article. They reinvestigate unethical publication behavior, even if it comes to light years later.
• They may seek clarification from authors with perceived vested interests.
• They should respond to requests and comments from authors with feedback.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Reviewers;
• With their reviews, they help both the editors to make decisions and the authors to improve their manuscripts.
• They refuse to review articles on topics they are not competent in, and inform the editors to contact the referee they know to be more competent on the relevant topic.
• They keep confidential the articles they review and are invited to review or decline an invitation to review.
• They identify relevant important citations that should be included in the article to the author and draw attention to the relevant citation for an important statement in the literature.
• They report to the editor any significant similarities they discover between the article they review and any other article.
• Reviewers are responsible for not evaluating the article if there is a conflict of interest and/or relationship.
• Reviewers may not use the submitted manuscript for any purpose until the evaluation process is completed and the manuscript is submitted for publication.
• They keep privileged information or ideas confidential and do not use them for personal gain. They do not lose sight of this confidentiality rule for the articles they are invited to review or for the articles they decline the invitation to review.
• The referee(s) who accept to review the manuscript are responsible for reviewing the manuscript within the time allotted to them, observing the ethical rules.
• Referees should use kind and constructive language when evaluating the article. They should avoid comments and expressions that contain insults, slander and hostility.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Authors;
• Present the findings of their original research in detail and accurately, discuss and conclude objectively with accurate references. Ensure that review article proposals are objective and comprehensive. Avoid fraudulent or intentional misrepresentation and plagiarism.
• If they use the works or words of others in their articles, they cite them strictly and refer to the publications that are effective in determining the quality of the study.
• By submitting their articles to Sirnak University Journal of Science, they are deemed to have declared that they have not submitted their articles to more than one journal for publication at the same time.
• Follow the spelling rules of Sirnak University Journal of Science when citing.
• If they discover an error in their submitted manuscript, they immediately inform the editors and cooperate with them to correct or withdraw the manuscript.
• Inform the editors of any conflicts of interest related to their articles.
• In manuscript proposals, all sources of support for the work should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section of the manuscript.
• All authors are responsible for all parts of the manuscript.
• All authors must see and approve the final version of the submitted manuscript before submission.
• The text, figures, tables and documents in the article should not violate the copyrights of other individuals.
• Authors may be asked for raw data about their manuscripts during the evaluation process. In such a case, authors should be ready to provide the expected information and documents.
• If there is a need to add authors, change the order of authors, or remove authors from an article that has started the review process, an application can be made to the journal management with the approval of all authors. The journal management reviews the application and notifies the responsible author of the decision.
• Authors should not arbitrarily withdraw the submitted manuscript while the refereeing process is ongoing. If they wish to withdraw the manuscript, they may do so with approval by sending a letter to the editor-in-chief of SUFBD with the necessary explanation.
• Accepted manuscripts should be reviewed by the authors for proofreading (pre-approval) before they are printed in our journal, and the necessary corrections should be made within the specified period and approval for printing should be given. After the article is published, authors who request any changes should contact the Editors within the first 3 days after the publication date.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of the Publisher;
• Review unethical publishing behavior.
• In cases of alleged and proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism, take all appropriate measures in close cooperation with the editor to clarify the situation and modify the relevant article. Measures include the publication of corrections to typographical errors and, in serious cases, the withdrawal of the article.
• Together with the editors, take appropriate steps to prevent research misconduct from occurring, and under no circumstances encourage or knowingly allow such misconduct to occur.

PUBLICATION POLICY

1- Article Evaluation Process
• Sirnak University Journal of Science is a peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (June and December). It has accepted the blind peer review process. The journal publishes scientific articles prepared in accordance with publication ethics; research, review, technical report types prepared in disciplines such as agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, food, as well as disciplines such as machinery, construction, materials, energy, mining, electronics and computer engineering. The publication language of the journal is Turkish or English and/or Turkish-English. No fee is charged to the authors during the acceptance, evaluation and publication of the articles.
• Each manuscript uploaded to the system of Sirnak University Journal of Science is first pre-evaluated by the editor-in-chief or section editors in terms of the journal's spelling and publication principles. Then, if there are corrections to be made by the author, the manuscript is returned to the author by the editors requesting corrections. After the approval of the Editor, the manuscript is sent to at least two independent referees who are experts in their fields. These referees are selected from among those who have at least a PhD degree in the field and department to which the study is related. The manuscripts are evaluated in accordance with the double blind peer review process. All processes from the submission of the application to the publication of the study are carried out electronically. It is decided to publish the article with the positive evaluation of at least two referees and the opinion of the editors. If one referee gives a positive opinion and one referee gives a negative opinion, the article is sent to a third referee.
• The names of the referees and authors are confidential during the article evaluation process. The review process is expected to be completed within 60 days. If this period is exceeded, the editors may appoint new referees. The review process is completed with the positive (publishable) or negative (unpublishable) opinions of at least two referees. After positive referee evaluations, revision (major or minor) decisions of the articles are made in line with the referee recommendations.
• It is accepted that the submitted articles have not been published or proposed for publication in any medium. Otherwise, the article will be rejected. All responsibility for the articles belongs to the author(s).
• The Copyright Form, in which the relevant information is filled in and signed by all authors, must be uploaded to the system.
• Authors should state that they have received an Ethics Committee Report in their articles when necessary, and a copy of this report should be attached when required.

2- Open Access and Copyright
The copyright of articles published in the journal belongs to the authors, while the commercial use rights belong to our journal. All articles published in our journal are published as open access under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

License Scope
Share: you may copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format.
As long as you fulfill the terms of the license, the licensee may not revoke these freedoms (specified rights).
Under the following conditions:
Attribution: you must give proper credit, provide a link to the license, and provide information if changes have been made. You may do these things appropriately, but this does not imply that the licensor approves of you and your use.
Non-commercial: You may not use this material for commercial purposes.
Not derivative: You may not distribute updated material if you have mixed, transferred, or worked on the material.
There are no additional restrictions: You may not limit the rights permitted by the license to others, either by law or through the use of technology.

3- Archive Policy
Articles published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Articles published in our journal can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sufbd/archive.

Version Published in the Journal
Publication Type: Open Access
RSS: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sufbd/rss-feeds 
LOCKSS: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sufbd/lockss-manifest 
Embargo Period: No embargo period.
Open Access License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Copyright Holder: The author(s) assign their copyright to our journal.
Archive Location: Institutional Repository, Crossref, Journal Website, Corporate Site, Public and/or Commercial Subject-Based Repositories.

Version Accepted at the End of the Referee Process
Embargo Period: None
Archive Place: Magazine Website, Corporate Website.

First Text Submitted to the Journal
Embargo Period: None
Archive Place: Magazine Website, Corporate Website.

4- Fee Policy
Article submission, evaluation and publication processes in our journal are completely free of charge. No fee is charged for articles submitted or accepted for publication. In accordance with our editorial policy, sponsorship and advertisements are not accepted and all expenses of our journal are covered by the Publisher.

5- Special Issue Publication Policy
With the decision of the Editorial Board, a special issue may be published once a year. The publication and evaluation principles for the articles to be published in the special issue are applied in the same way as in the planned issues.