Almanya’da Suçun Coğrafi Açıklaması: Suçluluk, Göçmenlik ve Mekânsallık

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 43, 16 - 45, 26.04.2018

Kadir Temurçin , Dilek Gürlevik

Öz

Suçun
coğrafi incelemesi nispeten uzun sayılabilecek bir geçmişe sahiptir ve oldukça
da fazla disiplinin ortak inceleme alanıdır. Ancak zamanla ele alınan
sorunsallarda ve ulaşılan sonuçlarda önemli farklılıklar da gözlemlenmiştir.
Özellikle son yarım yüzyılda göçmen nüfusun hem ulusal hem de küresel manada etkinlik
kazanması, yerel halkta söz konusu gruplara karşı direnişlerin artması ve
ortaya çıkan endişe verici suçlu rakamları bir dönüm noktasına işaret
etmektedir. Bu açıdan özellikle fazlaca göçmen kabul eden ülkelerde suçun göçle
ilişkilendirilerek incelenmesi bir gelenek halini almış ve onun yorumlanmasında
zamansal ve mekânsal dinamikler büyük ölçüde ihmal edilmiştir. Yapılan
çalışmayla da 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren yasal veya yasal olmayan yollarla
fazlaca göçmenin yöneldiği Almanya’da suçun zamansal ve mekânsal açıklaması
yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada Polis Suç İstatistiklerinden yararlanılmış ve söz
konusu veriler Almanlar, Yabancılar ve yabancılar içerisinde en büyük grubu
oluşturan Türkler için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Akabinde suçun mekânsal
bağımlılığı suç türleri ve göçmenlik çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın
bulguları, Almanya’da göçmen kitlerinin yerel halktan daha fazla oranda suç
işleme eğiliminde olduğunu, uzun süredir Almanya’da bulunmasına rağmen
Türklerin dahi suç oranlarında Almanlarla aynı değere ulaşamadığını, suçlu
sayılarının şekillenmesinde bir takım eksikliklerin bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
Ayrıca, belirli suç türlerinin diğerlerine göre daha fazla mekânsal bağımlılık
sergilediği, aynı suç türünde dahi söz konusu bağıntının farklı ulusal
kimliklere göre değiştiği ve yerel olarak suçun mekânsal dağılımında suç
türleri ve incelenen gruplar açısından birtakım farklılıklar yansıttığı sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suç, Suç Coğrafyası, Göçmenlik, Mekân, Almanya

Geographical Explanation of Crime in Germany: Delinquency, Immigration and Spatiality

Öz

The geographical study of crime has a relatively long history and is a common area of study by many disciplines. However, significant differences have been observed in the problems addressed over time and in the achieved results. The influence gained by migrant populations in particular during the past half-century in a national as well as global context manifests a turning point in terms of increase in resistance displayed by the local population against these groups and the alarming numbers of crime. In this respect, particularly in countries that accept immigrants, the study of crime by associating it with migration has become a tradition while temporal and spatial dynamics are largely neglected in its interpretation. The current study provides a temporal and spatial explanation regarding crime in Germany which has been the target of numerous migrants through legal or illegal means since the 1960s. Police crime statistics have been used in the study and these figures have been evaluated separately for Germans, Foreigners and Turks who comprise the largest group among foreigners. Subsequently, the spatial dependence of crime has been examined in the context of crime types and immigration. The findings of the study indicate that immigrant groups in Germany are more likely to commit crimes than local people and despite the fact that Turks have been in Germany for a long time they have not reached the same figures as Germans in terms of crime rates and that there are some shortcomings in the configuration of the numbers of criminals. Furthermore, it has also been concluded that certain types of crime display more spatial dependence than others, that even with the same type of crime, the correlation changes according to different national identities and that various differences are reflected locally in the spatial distribution of crime in terms of crime types and the studied groups 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crime, Crime Geography, Immigration, Space, Germany

Kaynakça

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• Diğer Referanslar
• Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) “https://www.bka.de/DE/Home/home_node.html”
• https://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/almanyada-siyasi-amacli-islenen-suclar-zirveye-ulasti/80424 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2018)
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