MADURO'NUN ABD TARAFINDAN YAKALANMASI: ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Venezuela Devlet Başkanı Nicolás Maduro’nun Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tarafından alıkonulmasını uluslararası hukuk ışığında incelemektedir. Makale, söz konusu operasyonun; kuvvet kullanma yasağı, devlet egemenliği ve dokunulmazlık gibi sistemin kurucu normlarını ağır biçimde ihlal ettiğini savunmaktadır. Olayı jus ad bellum, teamül hukuku ve devletin sorumluluğu çerçevesinde analiz eden çalışma; operasyonun "kolluk faaliyeti" kılıfı altında meşrulaştırılamayacağını ve kuvvet kullanma yasağının hiçbir hukuki istisnasına uymadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, görevdeki bir liderin yabancı topraklara kaçırılmasını, toprak bütünlüğüne ve siyasi bağımsızlığa yönelik doğrudan bir saldırı teşkil ettiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, teamül hukuku uyarınca devlet başkanlarının sahip olduğu mutlak kişisel dokunulmazlığın, suçun ağırlığına bakılmaksızın yabancı yargı yetkisini engellediğini hatırlatmaktadır. Bu bağlamda operasyonun, ABD’nin kendi geçmiş hukuki pozisyonları ve uluslararası emsallerle çeliştiğinin altı çizilmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, güçlü devletlerin hukuk normlarını seçici bir şekilde araçsallaştırmasının, uluslararası hukuk düzeninin evrenselliğini ve uzun vadeli meşruiyetini tehdit eden tehlikeli bir emsal oluşturduğunu savunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Devlet Başkanı Dokunulmazlığı
• Maduro Vakası
• Egemen Eşitlik
• Kuvvet Kullanımı
• Venezuela.

THE US CAPTURE OF MADURO IN VENEZUELA: AN ASSESSMENT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

Abstract

This study examines the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro by the United States in light of international law. The article argues that this operation severely violated the founding norms of the system, such as the prohibition of the use of force, state sovereignty, and immunity. Analyzing the event within the framework of jus ad bellum, customary law, and state responsibility, the study demonstrates that the operation cannot be justified under the guise of "law enforcement activity" and does not comply with any legal exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force. The study emphasizes that the forceful seizure of a sitting leader on foreign soil constitutes a direct attack on territorial integrity and political independence. Furthermore, it recalls that, according to customary law, the absolute personal immunity enjoyed by heads of state prevents foreign jurisdiction regardless of the severity of the crime. In this context, it underlines that the operation contradicts the US's own past legal positions and international precedents. In conclusion, the study argues that the selective instrumentalization of legal norms by powerful states sets a dangerous precedent that threatens the universality and long-term legitimacy of the international legal order.

Keywords

• Head of State Immunity
• Maduro Case
• Sovereign Equality
• Use of Force
• Venezuela.

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