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Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics

Number: 59 April 30, 2026
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Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics

Abstract

This article offers a comparative reading of laughter in Spinoza and Hobbes by situating it within their broader accounts of human nature, rationality, and power. It argues that laughter is not merely an everyday emotional reaction but a political–ethical diagnostic through which forms of subjectivity and social order become legible. In Hobbes’s Leviathan, laughter is grounded in “sudden glory”: an affect produced by comparison that signals superiority and, in doing so, sustains competition, humiliation, and hierarchical positioning. From this perspective, laughter functions as a micro-technology of power that resonates with Hobbes’s state-of-nature anthropology and his defense of undivided sovereignty. Spinoza, by contrast, treats laughter in the Ethics as an affect that can be understood through reason and aligned with joy (laetitia)—an increase in one’s power to act. Rather than serving domination, laughter here indexes a transition toward a more adequate, empowered mode of existence. By mapping these divergent logics, the article clarifies how early modern political philosophy theorizes affects as mechanisms that either reproduce domination or enable rational freedom, thereby contributing to contemporary discussions on the politics of emotion.

Keywords

Spinoza, Hobbes, Laughter, Affects, Rationality, Power

Supporting Institution

This study was carried out within the academic working environment and institutional facilities provided by Selcuk University. No external project funding or financial support was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve any research conducted on human participants or animals. It is a theoretical study based solely on the analysis of published sources and philosophical texts. Therefore, ethical committee approval is not required. The authors declare that all stages of the study were conducted in accordance with academic ethical principles.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Selcuk University for providing the academic working environment and institutional facilities during the preparation of this study.

References

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APA
Akyüz, S. S., & Aker, H. (2026). Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 59, 333-340. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1858697
AMA
1.Akyüz SS, Aker H. Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics. SUSBED. 2026;(59):333-340. doi:10.52642/susbed.1858697
Chicago
Akyüz, Selman Selim, and Hacer Aker. 2026. “Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, nos. 59: 333-40. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1858697.
EndNote
Akyüz SS, Aker H (April 1, 2026) Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 59 333–340.
IEEE
[1]S. S. Akyüz and H. Aker, “Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics”, SUSBED, no. 59, pp. 333–340, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.52642/susbed.1858697.
ISNAD
Akyüz, Selman Selim - Aker, Hacer. “Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 59 (April 1, 2026): 333-340. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1858697.
JAMA
1.Akyüz SS, Aker H. Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics. SUSBED. 2026;:333–340.
MLA
Akyüz, Selman Selim, and Hacer Aker. “Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 59, Apr. 2026, pp. 333-40, doi:10.52642/susbed.1858697.
Vancouver
1.Selman Selim Akyüz, Hacer Aker. Laughter in the Philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes: Human Nature, Rationality, and Power Dynamics. SUSBED. 2026 Apr. 1;(59):333-40. doi:10.52642/susbed.1858697