İşgörenlerin Kendilik Algılarının Bireysel Özellikler Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2009, Issue: 21, 489 - 496, 01.02.2009

Hasan Tutar Mehmet Altınöz Demet Çakıroğlu

Abstract

Kendilik algısıbireyin özel ve işyaşamıyla ilgili olduğu kadar, sosyal yaşamıyla da ilgilidir. Kendilik algısıyüksek şahısların öz saygıları, öz güvenleri ve ben idrakleri güçlüdür. Kişiler arasıilişki ve etkileşim kurmada başarılıdırlar. Kendilerini üretme ve gerçekleştirme yetenekleri gelişmiştir. Sosyal süreçleri daha iyi kullanır, yeni durumlara ve süreçlere uyum yetenekleri yüksektir. Sosyal ilişki ve çevre edinme konusunda daha başarılıdırlar. Kendilik algısıyüksek olan insanlar göreli olarak daha uyumlu, olay ve olgularıdaha temkinli karşılama yetenekleri vardır. Baskın kişilik özellikleri onların sosyal süreçleri daha iyi kullanmasına ve kişisel olarak öne çıkmalarına katkısağlar. Sinik veya ezik olmamaları, yüksek benlik saygılarıyeteneklerini güçlendirir. Kişilerin özellikle erken yaşlarında veya ileri yaşlardaki kendilerine uygulanan baskıya bağlıolarak kendilik algılarıolumsuz yönde etkilenir. Kişiliği örselenmişbirinin kendilik değeri düştüğü, kendine olan saygısının ve özgüveninin azaldığıbir çok araştırmalarla ortaya konmuştur. Kendilik algısının yüksek olmasıkişinin içsel veya dışsal olmasıyla, kontrol odağının içte veya dışta olmasıyla da ilgili bir durumdur. Bilindiği gibi, kontrol odağıiçte olan insanlar, kendilerini gerçekleştirme konusunda daha cesur ve öz güven sahibidir. Hareketlerinin arkasındaki temel güdü, kendilerine aittir; aksine kontrol odağıdışta olan şahısların, davranışlarının arkasındaki temel motivasyon dışsal baskılar veya dışçevrenin beklentileridir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye Elektrik İletimA.Ş. TEİAŞ ve Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. TEDAŞ çalışanlarının “kendilik algıları”nıbireysel özellikler bakımından ele almak amacıylayapılmıştır. Araştırmanın kapsamınısöz konusu kurumların büro çalışanlarıoluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Kendilik AlgısıSosyal Karşılaştırma Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, çalışanların kendilik algılarının düzeyini belirlemek, yabancılaşma ve kendinden uzaklaşma, kendinin farkına varamama gibi olumsuzluklara dikkat çekmek bakımından önemtaşımaktadır. Bu amaçla araştırmaya katılanların kişisel özellikleri ile kendilik algılarıarasındaki ilişki ve farklılıklarıbelirlemek için tanımlayıcıistatistikler, bağımsız örneklemler için t testi ve varyans analizi gibi istatistiksel teknikler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulayıcılara ve bu yönde araştırma yapan araştırmacılara katkısağlayacağıumulmaktadır.

Keywords

Kendilik algısı, yabancılaşma, inisiyatif, öz yeterlilik

Evaluation Of The Employees' Self-Perception As Of The Individual Characteristics

Abstract

The self-perception is not only related with the private and labour life of the individuals, but also with their social life. The people of high self-perception have also a high self-esteem, self-confidence and self-appreciation. They are successful in establishing the interpersonal relations and interaction. They have developed a number of self-reproduction and realization skills. They make a better use of the social processes, and become easily adapted to the new outcomes and processes. They are also more successful in establishing social relations and friendship. The people of high self-perception are relatively more consistent, and have the talent to face new cases and events in more unflappable manner. Their dominant personality allows them to use the social processes in a better manner, and personally become prominent. As they are not diffident or hesitant, they develop a high self-esteem and confidence. Depending on the pressure they experienced particularly in their early or later years of age, their self-perception is adversely affected. There are many studies where it has been proven that the individuals have a lower self-perception, self-esteem and selfconfidence when their personality is damaged. A high self-perception is closely related to the intrinsic and extrinsic personality with the control focus being on the interior or exterior. It is known that the people with intrinsic control focus are more valiant and more self-confident in self-realization. The fundamental motive behind their movement belongs to themselves, while the fundamental motive behind the behaviours of the people with extrinsic control focus are the extrinsic pressure or the expectations of the outer world. There are a number of factors to streghten the motives that form the impetus behind the behaviours. The stimulants strengthening or weakening a behaviour are called the reinforcers. They are divided into two parts: intrinsic and acqugained reinforcers. The intrinsic and acquised are classified as primary and secondary reinforcers respestively. The self-perception is the opinion that is assumed by an individual on the intrinsic situation and environmental feedbacks. The said opinion forms the self-consciousness, self-respect and self-confidence. As the self-perception is also the basis of the selfrespect and self-reliance, it is closely related with the self-reproduction and self-realization of the individuals from their business and personal lives to their career works and studies, well-being and health. The control focus is one of the concepts in regard to the self-perception. The control focus is related to what should be used to explain and elaborate the consequences obtained by the individuals, and what they whould be attributed. The individuals of intrinsic control focus attibutes the reinforcers to the intrinsic factors, skills and capabilities, or shortly speaking to their individual characteristics, while those of extrinsic control focus attribute the same to the environmental factors. The individuals thinking of some interaction between their behaviours and the reinforcers are categorized as having intrinsic control focii, while the ones who do not link their behaviours to the reinforcers are characterized with their extrinsic control focii. When the self-perception is low, the self-reliance and self-respect are also low. It is difficult for such individuals to control their environment, and they believe that the life would be directed by a number of uncontrollable forces. As they think that they would not be able to control the factors that extrinsically affect the individual, they have become the desperate people of low self-confidence and self-respect. They have lost their belief in overcoming the complex and difficult conditions of life through their own private efforts. As they are not confident to direct the life through their own personal skills, they are passive and sceptical people who need an excessive extrinsic support. However, the individuals of intrinsic control focus do not attibute their experiences to their own decisions, shortly speaking to the extrinsic factors or environmental reinforcers, but just to themselves. They attribute a negative experience to their own wrong decisions, and a successful experience to their own appropriate decisions, and their right action for the same. They believe in the fact that the life events depend on their own control. Another concept on the self-perception is the concept of ego. The concept of ego is the fundamental element determinant on the self-perception. It comprises of the entirety of the personal identity, self-perception value, physical and mental skills, limits, beliefs, values, goals, objectives, wishes and any other perceptions on the personality of an individual. The concept of ego has many different dimensions. Though the literature includes many examples of elements in regard to the ego concept, the self-perception is a most important one. The self-respect is another concept related to the self-perception, and naturally to the ego concept. The self-perception forms the mental dimension of the ego, while the self-respect is the emotional dimension of the ego. Like in the self-perception of an individual, it is closely related to the role pattern, or whom the individual likes to be. The self-respect is the level of satisfaction an individual has reached at the end of emotional self-evaluation rather than the mental approach. The self-perception is also related with the self-consciousness or the level of consciousness. The self-consciousness is that an individual is focused on itself, and reaches the consciousness of having an existence different from the other people. When an individual perceives in a different manner its psychological, physical and economic situation, motives, stimulus and feelings as well as the own personal standards, it reaches the self-awareness. Another factor forming the self-perception of an individual is the self-sufficiency. The individuals feel sufficient or weak in their living struggle. And it affects their self-perception. The self-sufficiency affects the human conduct and behaviour in many aspects. While the individuals of high self-sufficiency more easily overcome the life troubles, those who have a lower self-suffiency and self-perception easily loss the life struggle. The people of high self-sufficiency and self-perception are more consistent, patient and stable in realizing their goals and objectives. This study was carried out to elaborate the "self-perception" of the employees of Türkiye Elektrik İletim A.Ş. TEİAŞ and Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. TEDAŞ in terms of the individual characteristics. The study covers the office employees of the said corporations. The "Self-Perception Social Comparison Scale" was used in data collection for this study. This study is of importance to determine the self-perception level of the employees, and draw attention to such inconveniences as alienation, self-divergence, and lack of self-perception. Such statistical methods as t test and variance analysis were used for the independent sampling, while the descriptive statistics were the instruments used to determine the relation and differences between the personal characteristics and the self-perception of the participants. It is expected that this study would make contributions to the performers and researchers

Keywords

Self-perception, alienation, initiative, self-sufficiency

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