Narsisistik Kişilik Özellikleri İle Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Arasında Bir Bağlantı Var Mı?

Year 2020, Issue: 44, 125 - 140, 01.08.2020

Şükrü Balcı Esra Gargalık

Abstract

ÖZYaşamın modernleşmesi ve bilgi teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte, sosyal medya bireylerin günlük hayatlarının ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Sosyal medyanın bireylerin kamusal alanını kapsaması ve doğrudan bireyle ilişkilendirilmesinden dolayı, farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu noktada narsisizm gibi kişilik özellikleri sosyal medya kullanımı açısından dikkat çekici değişken konumundadır. Sosyal medya kendini beğenme, ön plana çıkarma ve daha görünür kılma arzusundaki bireylere önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. İşte bu çalışma; narsisistik kişilik özellikleri ile sosyal medya kullanım örüntüleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak üzere dizayn edilmiştir. Yöntem olarak saha araştırmasının kullanıldığı bu çalışmada veriler, 400 üniversite öğrencisinden yüz yüze anket tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, katılımcıların günlük dört saate yakın bir zamanı sosyal medya karşısında geçirdikleri göstermektedir. Akıllı cep telefonu gibi mobil teknolojilerin gelişmesi ve gündelik hayatın içinde daha fazla yer almaya başlaması; her zaman ve her yerden sosyal medyaya erişimi kolaylaştırmış; söz konusu imkânlar beraberinde insanların daha uzun süre sosyal medya kullanması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Kadın ve erkeklerin günlük sosyal medya kullanım süresi birbirine yakındır. WhatsApp, Instagram, ve YouTube üniversite öğrencilerinin daha sık kullandığı sosyal medya araçları olurken; Swarm, LinkedIn ve Snapchat daha az tercih edilmektedir. Örneklemdeki öğrenciler; eğlenmek, vakit geçirmek, mesajlaşma ve olaylar/ kişiler hakkında bilgi sahibi olma amacıyla daha sık sosyal medya karşısına geçmektedirler. Üniversite öğrencileri narsisizm ölçeğindeki maddeler arasında; “çevremde saygı duyulan bir insan olduğumu düşünüyorum, herkes bana sürekli iyi birisi olduğumu anlatıyor ve ben her zaman ne yaptığımı bilirim” gibi ifadelere daha yüksek puan vermişlerdir. Erkeklerin narsisizm düzeyi kadınlara göre daha yüksektir. Çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin narsisizm düzeyleri ve sosyal medya kullanım biçimleri arasında anlamlı, zayıf düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; örneklemdeki kişilerin narsisizm düzeyinin günlük sosyal medya kullanım süresini pozitif yönde anlamlı biçimde yordadığı bulgulanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin narsisizm düzeyi arttıkça, günlük sosyal medya kullanım süresi de artmaktadır. Katılımcıların narsisizm düzeyindeki artış, kişisel sunum nedenli sosyal medya kullanımını pozitif yönde etkilenmektedir. Yine örneklemdeki kişilerin narsisizm düzeyi ile Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, LinkledIn ve Swarm ve Snapchat gibi sosyal medya araçları kullanım sıklığı arasında düşük düzey, pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Sosyal medya, kullanım örüntüleri, narsisizm, ilişki, üniversite öğrencisi

Is There a Link between Narcissistic Personality Traits and Social Media Usage?

Abstract

With the modernization of life and developments in the field of information technology, social media has become an integral part of individuals' daily lives. Since social media covers the public sphere of individuals and is directly related to the individual, it is important to examine it in terms of different variables. At this point, personality traits such as narcissism are remarkable variables in terms of social media use. Social media offers important opportunities to individuals who desire to like themselves, stand out and make them more visible. Here is this study; It was designed to reveal the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and social media usage patterns. In this study where field research was used as a method, the data were collected from 400 university students with face-to-face survey technique. The results of the research show that the participants spend almost four hours a day on social media. The development of mobile technologies such as smart phones and starting to take more place in daily life; facilitated access to social media anytime and anywhere; these possibilities have resulted in people using social media for a longer period of time. Daily social media usage period of women and men is close to each other. While WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube are social media tools that university students use more frequently; Swarm, LinkedIn and Snapchat are less preferred. Students in the sample; they come across social media more often to have fun, spend time, messaging and get information about events/ people. University students include narcissism scale items; They gave higher scores to statements such as “I think I am a respected person in my environment, everyone tells me that I am always a good person and I always know what I am doing”. The level of narcissism of men is higher than that of women. In the study, a meaningful, weak positive relationship was found between the narcissism levels of university students and social media usage styles. As a result of the research; it was found that the narcissism level of the people in the sample positively predicted the daily social media usage time. As the level of narcissism of university student’s increases, daily social media usage time also increases. The increase in the level of narcissism of the participants is positively affected by the use of social media due to personal presentation. Again, there is a low level, positive significant relationship between the narcissism level of the sample and the frequency of using social media tools such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Swarm and Snapchat

Keywords

Social media, patterns of use, narcissism, relationship, university student

References

• Ak, S., Aslan, Y. M., and Aslan, S. (2019). “Personality Characteristics, Motivations and Usage Patterns of Social Networking Sites among University Students”, ACJES Academy Journal of Educational Sciences, 3 (1): 1-13.
• Aktaş, A., ve Şahin, M. (2018). “Narsisistik Özellik, Öz-Şefkat Ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (6): 368-374.
• Alanka, Ö., ve Cezik, A. (2016). Dijital Kibir: Sosyal Medyadaki Narsistik Ritüellere İlişkin Bir İnceleme. TRT Akademi, 1(2), 548-569.
• Al-Menayes, J. J. (2015). “Motivations for Using Social Media: An Exploratory Factor Analysis”, International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7 (1): 43-50.
• Ames, D. R., Rose, P., and Anderson, C. P. (2006). “The NPI-16 As a Short Measure of Narcissism”, Journal of Research in Personality, 40 (4): 440-450.
• Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Gjertsen, S. R., Krossbakken, E., Kvam, S., and Pallesen, S. (2013). “The Relationship Between Behavioral Addictions and the Five-Factor Model of Personality”, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2 (2): 90-99.
• Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., and Pallesen, S. (2012). “Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale”, Psychological Reports, 110 (2): 501-517.
• Andreassen, S.C., Pallesen S., and Griffiths, D.M. (2017). “The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem: Findings from a Large National Survey”, Addictive Behaviors, 64: 287-293.
• Atay, S. (2009). “Narsistik Kişilik Envanteri’nin Türkçe’ye Standardizasyonu”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (1): 181-196.
• Balcı, Ş., and Gölcü, A. (2013). “Facebook Addiction among University Students in Turkey: “Selcuk University Example”, Journal of Studies in Turkology, 34: 255-278.
• Balcı, Ş., ve Sarıtaş, H. (2015). “Facebook ve Siyasal Katılım: 2014 Yerel Seçimleri Araştırması”, Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 37: 511-535.
• Balcı, Ş., ve Sarıtaş, H. (2019). “Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak Narsisizm: Konya’da Yaşayan Kullanıcılar Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31: 689-709.
• Balcı, Ş., Gölcü, A., ve Gölcü A. A. (2019). “Sosyal Medya Kullanımı ile Kendini Gizleme ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasında Bir Bağlantı Var Mı?”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21 (1): 173-190.
• Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., and Bergman, J. Z. (2011). “Millennials, Narcissism, and Social Networking: What narcissists Do On Social Networking Sites and Why”, Personality and Individual Differences, 50 (5): 706-711.
• Brailovskaia, J., and Bierhoff, H. W. (2016). “Cross-Cultural Narcissism On Facebook: Relationship Between Self-Presentation, Social Interaction and the Open and Covert Narcissism On a Social Networking Site in Germany and Russia”, Computers in Human Behavior, 55: 251-257.
• Brock, T. B. (2012). “Social Media Narcissism: An Examination of Blogs by B‐Lıst Celebrities”, Unpublished Master Dissertation, Southern Utah University.
• Buffardi, L. E., and Campbell, W. (2008). “Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34 (10): 1303-1314.
• Campbell, W. K., and Foster, C.A. (2002). “Narcissism and Commitment in Romantic Relationships: An Investment Model Analysis”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28 (4): 484-495.
• Campbell, W. K., & Foster, J. D. (2007). “The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model, and Ongoing Controversies.” In C. Sedikides & S. J. Spencer (Eds.), Frontiers of Social Psychology. The self (p. 115-138), Psychology Press.
• Carlson, E. N. (2013) “Honestly Arrogant or Simply Misunderstood? Narcissists' Awareness of their Narcissism”, Self and Identity, 12 (3): 259-277.
• Carpenter, C. J. (2012). “Narcissism on Facebook: Self-Promotional and Anti-Social Behavior”, Personality and Individual Differences, 52 (4), 482-486.
• Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Fourth Edition). Boston: Pearson Press, 2012.
• Davenport, S. W., Bergman, S. M., Bergman, J. Z., and Fearrington, M. E. (2014). “Twitter Versus Facebook: Exploring the Role of Narcissism in the Motives and Usage of Different Social Media Platforms”, Computers in Human Behavior, 32: 212-220.
• Deters, F. G., Mehl, M. R., and Eid, M. (2014). “Narcissistic Power Poster? On the Relationship Between Narcissism and Status Updating Activity on Facebook”, Journal of Research in Personality, 53: 165-174.
• DeWall, C. N., Buffardi, L. E., Bonser, I., and Campbell, W. K. (2011). “Narcissism and Implicit Attention Seeking: Evidence from Linguistic Analyses of Social Networking and Online Presentation”, Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (1): 57-62.
• Fox, J., and Rooney, M. C. (2015). “The Dark Triad and Trait Self-Objectification as Predictors of Men’s Use and Self-Presentation Behaviors on Social Networking Sites”, Personality and Individual Differences, 76: 161-165.
• Frederick, C. and Zhang, T. (2019). “Narcissism and Social Media Usage: Is There No Longer a Relationship?”, Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 16 (1): 23-32.
• Freud, S. (2004). “Psychoanalysis and Psychology”, In J. Rivkin & M. Ryan (Eds.), Literary Theory: An Anthology (p. 389-487), Blackwell Publishing.
• Gentile, B., Twenge, J. M., Freeman, E. C., and Campbell, W. (2012). “The Effect of Social Networking Websites on Positive Self-views: An Experimental Investigation”, Computers in Human Behavior, 28 (5): 1929-1933.
• Gnambs, T., and Appel, M. (2018). “Narcissism and Social Networking Behavior: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Personality, 86 (2): 200-212.
• Golbeck, J., Robles, C., and Turner, K. (2011). “Predicting Personality with Social Media”, CHI 2011, alt.chi: Playing Well with Others, May 7–12, 2011, Vancouver, BC, Canada, s. 253-262.
• Halpern, D., Valenzuela, S., and Katz, J. E. (2016). “Selfie-ists” or “Narci-selfiers”? A Crosslagged Panel Analysis of Selfie Taking and Narcissism”, Personality and Individual Differences, 97: 98-101.
• Hamid, N. A., Ishak, Mohd, S. I., and Yazam, S. S. N. M. (2015). “Facebook, YouTube and Instagram: Exploring Their Effects on Undergraduate Students’ Personality Traits”, The Journal of Social Media in Society, 4 (2): 138-165.
• Hong, F., Huang, D., Lin, H., and Chiu, S. (2014). “Analysis of the Psychological Traits, Facebook Usage, and Facebook Addiction Model of Taiwanese University Students”, Telematics and Informatics, 31: 597-606.
• Kapidzic, S. (2013). “Narcissism as a Predictor of Motivations behind Facebook Profile Picture Selection”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16 (1): 14-19.
• Lee, E., Ahn, J., and Kim, Y. J. (2014). “Personality Traits and Self-Presentation at Facebook”, Personality and Individual Differences, 69: 162-167.
• Lee, J. A., and Sung, Y. (2016). “Hide-and-seek: Narcissism and “Selfie”-Related Behavior”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 19 (5): 347-351.
• Leung, L. (2013). “Generational Differences in Content Generation in Social Media: The Roles of the Gratifications Sought and of Narcissism”, Computers in Human Behavior, 29: 997-1006.
• Leung, L., and Zhang, R. (2017). “Narcissism and Social Media Use by Children and Adolescents”, In Kimberly S. Young and Cristiano de Abreu (Eds.), Internet Addiction in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors, Assessment, and Treatment (p. 47-64), New York: Springer Publishing.
• Malik, S., and Khan, M. (2015). “Impact of Facebook Addiction on Narcissistic Behavior and Self-Esteem among Students”, Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 65 (3): 260-263.
• McCain, J. L., and Campbell, W. K. (2018). “Narcissism and Social Media Use: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 7 (3): 308-327.
• Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). “Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook”, Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking, 13 (4): 357-364.
• Morf, C.C., and Rhodewalt, F. (2001). “Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model”, Psychological Inquiry, 12 (4): 177-196.
• Ong, E. Y. L., et al. (2011). “Narcissism, Extraversion and Adolescents’ Self-Presentation On Facebook”, Personality and Individual Differences, 50 (2): 180-185.
• Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y., and Konrath, S. (2013). “Mirror or Megaphone? How Relationships Between Narcissism and Social Networking Site Use Differ on Facebook and Twitter”, Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (5): 2004-2012.
• Raskin, R., and Terry, H. (1988). “A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of its Construct Validity”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (5): 890-902.
• Ross, C., Orr, E., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J.M., and Simmering, M.G. (2009). “Personality and Motivations Associated with Facebook Use”, Computers in Human Behavior, 25 (2): 578-586.
• Ryan, T., and Xenos, S. (2011). “Who Uses Facebook? An Investigation into The Relationship Between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, And Facebook Usage”, Computers in Human Behavior, 27: 1658-1664.
• Sheldon, P. (2008). “Student Favorite: Facebook and Motives for its Use”, Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 23 (2): 39-53.
• Sheldon, P. (2016). “Self-Monitoring, Covert Narcissism, and Sex as Predictors of Self-Presentational Activities on Facebook”, The Journal of Social Media in Society, 5 (3): 70-91.
• Sheldon, P., and Bryant, K. (2016). “Instagram: Motives for Its Use Relationship to Narcissism and Contextual Age”, Computers and Human Behavior, 58: 89-97.
• Singh, S., Farley, S. D., and Donahue, J. J. (2018). “Grandiosity on Display: Social Media Behaviors and Dimensions of Narcissism”, Personality and Individual Differences, 134: 308-313.
• Skues, Jason L., Williams, B., and Wise, L. (2012). “The Effects of Personality Traits, Self-Esteem, Loneliness, and Narcissism on Facebook Use among University Students”, Computers in Human Behavior, 28: 2414–2419.
• Smock, A., Ellison, N., Lampe, C., and Wohn, D. Y. (2011). “Facebook as a Toolkit: A Uses and Gratification Approach to Unbundling Feature Use”, Computers in Human Behavior, 27 (6): 2322-2329.
• Sponcil, M., and Gitimu, P. (2013). “Use of Social Media by College Students: Relationship to Communication and Self-Concept”, Journal of Technology Research, 4: 1-13.
• Sung, Y., Lee, J.-A., Kim, E., and Choi, S. M. (2016). “Why We Post Selfies: Understanding Motivations for Posting Pictures of Oneself”, Personality and Individual Differences, 97: 260-265.
• Tabachnick, Barbara G., and Fidell, Linda S. Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Publications, 2013.
• Türk Dil Kurumu (2019). Ruhbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü. (Online) https://sozluk.gov.tr/ [Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2019].
• Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., and Bushman, B. J. (2008). “Egos Inflating Over Time: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory”, Journal of Personality, 76: 875-901.
• Walters, N. T., and Horton, R. (2015). “A Diary Study of the Influence of Facebook Use on Narcissism among Male College Students”, Computers in Human Behavior, 52: 326-330.
• Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., and Su, Z. Q. (2012). “The relationships among the Big Five Personality Factors, Self-esteem, narcissism, and Sensation-seeking to Chinese University Students’ Uses of Social Networking Sites (SNSs)”, Computers in Human Behavior, 28 (6): 2313-2319.
• Weiser, E. B. (2015). “# Me: Narcissism and its Facets as Predictors of Selfie-posting Frequency”, Personality and Individual Differences, 86: 477-481.
• Wickel, T. M. (2015). “Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: The Act of Taking Selfies”, The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6 (1): 5-12.
• Winter, S., et al. (2014). “Another Brick in the Facebook Wall- How Personality Traits Relate to the Content of Status Updates”, Computers in Human Behavior, 34: 194-202.
• Yeniçıktı, Nagihan. T. Sosyal Medya: Facebook ve Twitter Motivasyonları, Konya, LiteraTürk Yayınları, 2017.