Rus İmparatorluk Jeopolitiğinin ve İdeolojisisin Tahayyülü Olarak Yeni Avrasyacılık

Year 2024, Issue: 54, 371 - 391, 30.08.2024

İbrahim Kurnaz

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1475395

Abstract

Yeni Avrasyacı jeopolitik düşünce uluslararası politikada temel aktör olarak her daim genişleme arzusunda olan imparatorlukları görmektedir. Çünkü Yeni Avrasyacılık Rusya gibi imparatorluk geçmişine sahip güçlerin hayatta kalabilmelerinin yolunun imparatorluklarının genişlemesinden geçtiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu düşüncenin en başta gelen iki temsilcisi Alexandr Dugin ve Alexandr Panarin dünya tarihine yön veren sürecin hâlihazırda iki zıt güç arasında jeopolitik hâkimiyet mücadelesinden neşet ettiğini dile getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda Rusya’nın Avrupa’dan ve Batı’dan ayrı olarak kendine özgü toplumsal ve jeopolitik yolunu izlemesi gerektiği fikrine dayanan Yeni Avrasyacı yeni jeopolitik, kendini Avrasya’nın önde gelen devleti olarak gören Rusya’ya SSCB sonrası alanda özel bir rol vermektedir. Geleneksel jeopolitik kimliğini yeniden inşa etmeye yönelik doktrinel temellendirmelere sahip olan Yeni Avrasyacılık Rusya’nın jeopolitik ve coğrafi düzlemde temel ideolojilerinden biri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu ideoloji ekseninde Yeni Avrasyacılar Rusya’nın en önemli amacının, Rusya’nın emperyal yönetimini kültürel ve coğrafi argümanlar yoluyla meşrulaştırmak olduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Dolayısıyla esas olarak büyük bir güç olarak kalmak istediği sürece Rusya’nın jeopolitik ve stratejik ekseni olarak kalması gerektiği görüşünü benimsemektedirler.
Çalışmada Avrasyacı küresel düzen vizyonu ve çok kutuplu bir dünya arayışı çerçevesinde Yeni Avrasyacıların bir Rusya-Avrasya imparatorluğu kurma fikrini hangi temeller üzerinden jeopolitiğe dayandırarak geliştirdikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı klasik jeopolitik ile Yeni Avrasyacılık arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koyup Dugin ve Panarin nezdinde Yeni Avrasyacı jeopolitik ve ideolojinin küresel hegemonya ve Rusya’nın imparatorluk tahayyülünü hangi açılardan bir araç olarak sunduğunu ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

Yeni Avrasyacılık, Rusya, Jeopolitik, Alexandr Dugin, Alexandr Panarin

Neo Eurasianism: As the Imagination of a Russian Imperial Geopolitics and Ideology

Abstract

Neoeurasian geopolitical thought sees empires that always desire expansion as the main actors in international politics. Because Neoeurasianism claims that the way for powers with an imperial past, such as Russia, to survive is through the expansion of their empires. The two leading representatives of this idea, Alexandr Dugin and Alexandr Panarin, state that the process that shapes world history currently arises from the struggle for geopolitical dominance between two opposing powers. In this context, Neoeurasian geopolitics, based on the idea that Russia should follow its own social and geopolitical path, separate from Europe and the West, has given Russia a special role in the post-Soviet space. Neoeurasianism, which has doctrinal foundations aimed at reconstructing its traditional geopolitical identity, is defined as one of Russia's fundamental ideologies on a geopolitical and geographical level. On the axis of this ideology, neoEurasianists claimed that Russia's most important aim was to legitimize Russia's imperial rule through cultural and geographical arguments. Essentially, they take the view that Russia should remain the strategic axis of Eurasia as long as it wants to remain a great power.
The study will focus on the basis on which Neo-Eurasianists developed the idea of establishing a Russian-Eurasian empire based on geopolitics, within the framework of the Eurasianist vision of global order and the search for a multipolar world. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the connection between classical geopolitics and Neo-Eurasianism and to reveal in what ways Neo-Eurasianist geopolitics and ideology serve as a tool for global hegemony and Russia's imperial imagination in the eyes of Dugin and Panarin.

Keywords

Neo Eurasianism, Russia, Geopolitics, Alexandr Dugin, Aleksandr Panarin

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