The Journal of Social Economic Research

Content of Publishing
The Journal of Social Economic Researchs includes original scientific papers. Excluding editorial works, all articles that will publish are subject to double-blind peer review process.

Aim and Scope
The aim of this Journal is to make a contribution to science by publishing high-qualified papers which have scientific importance. It is an independent, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access and online journal that aims to publish articles in all areas related to Economics, Business, Political Science and Public Administration, International Relations and International Trade. Articles must describe original data that have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere for publication. Papers that comply with the submission rules and scope of the journal are sent for scientific evaluation by at least two expert reviewers in the field. The Editorial Board members of the Journal of Social Economic Research who discuss its suitability then take into account the comments of the reviewers for each submission. For the whole papers submitted, the editor-in-chief has the right of final decision. The publication board of the Journal makes commitment to be in conformity with the Committe on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Categorization of Subject: Social Sciences
Fields of Science: Business, Economy, Political Science and Public Administration, International Relations, International Trade, Finance, Operational Research and Management Science

Keywords: Marketing Strategies, Consumer Behaviour, Decision Making Behaviour, International Marketing, Economic Policy, Monetary Policy, Behavioural Economics, A Circular Economy, Economic History, Accounting and Finance, International Trade Transactions, Logistics, Political History, Law of States, International Relations Theories, International Politics, International Political Economy, Management Science, Political Theory, Comparative Political Systems

Publication Language:
Full Text Publication Language:
    • First Language: Turkish
    • Second Language: English
Content written in English and Latin Alphabet
    • Article Title: Turkish & English
    • Author’s Name: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
    • Author’s Address: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
    • Keywords: Turkish & English
    • References: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
    • Full text: English & Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)

Article Submission
The submitted article must be in conformity with the aim and scope of the Journal. They must be original, unpublished and
manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation. Only one article is approved by each author for (in) the same volume. There is no time limit for approving article submissions.

Audience
Target Audience: professionals, experts, researchers, experts, and PhD students from all sub-fields of Economics and Administrative Science, as well as students and sector circles related to the field.

1. GENERAL GUIDELINES
• It is of great importance that you adhere to the rules of writing, punctuation, and citation/referencing in your work to make it ready for publication more quickly.
• The work should be prepared in A4 size in the "Office Word" program.
• Garamond font should be used throughout the work
• The font size throughout the work should be 11 points, except for sections that require 9 and 14 point font size (article title, abstract, keywords, references, footnotes, and captions). Further explanations about these sections will be provided in subsequent headings.
• Paragraph indentation should be 0 (zero) throughout the work, no paragraph should be indented anywhere.
• The entire work (except for the author's name and surname section) should be aligned to both margins.
• The entire work should be single-spaced.
• The margin for the top, bottom, right, and left of the work should be 2.5 cm, with no spine margin.
• There should be no additional blank lines anywhere in the work. Explanations regarding the spacing before or after a paragraph (in terms of nk value) will be given in subsequent headings.
• If your work is in English, the article title section in the template and the English Title section should be written in English, and the Turkish title should be written in the Turkish Title section. The places of Abstract and Öz should be changed.
• Each time you upload the file for your work, it should be named with the first three words of the article title and the upload date, with no Turkish characters and with an underscore ("_") between each word (e.g., Social_Economic_Research_01.05.2020).
• Writing your work on the template provided in the system will be of great help.
• In the last part of the study – to come before the bibliography – Ethics Statement, Author Contribution Statement and Statement of Interest information should be included (as of April 2021 Issue). You should review the topic 3.4 and the template.

2. TITLES
• The titles to be used in the study were recorded as style in the template with their outlines (size, space, capital/lower case, thickness, italic, color).
• If the title and the text below the page are less than 3 lines in total, the title should start from the new page. Headings are saved as styles in the template to provide this
• Details and differences of the headings to be used in the study are listed in the table below.
• Title Font Size Pt Space (Before-After) Numbering Additional Features
• Article Title (Turkish) 14 12-12 No Sentence order / Color (Blue)
• Article Title (English) 11 12-12 No Sentence order / Italic
• Öz-Abstract 11 12-12 No Capital Letter
• Introduction-Conclusion 11 12-12 Numbered (1.) Capital Latter
• Main Title (Level 1) 11 12-12 Numbered (1.) Capital Letter
• Main Title (Level 2) 11 12-12 Numbered(1.1) Capitalize Every Word
• Subtitle (Level 3 and later) 11 12-12 Numbered(1.1.1.) Capitalize Every Word / İtalic
• References 11 12-12 No Capital Latter

3. GENERAL TEXT FEATURES
• The main text (starting from the introduction) should be written in Garamond font, 11 points, with no paragraph indentation, justified alignment, and single line spacing.
• There should be a 0 nk space before the paragraph and a 6 nk space after the paragraph.
• If there is enough space, the introduction should start from the continuation of the abstract section and be on the first page.
• Footnotes can be added to any part of the work if necessary, and should be written in 9-point italics.
• The author's name and surname should be written in the format: Name SURNAME. Only for this section, the text should be aligned to the right, and there should be a 12 nk space before and after the paragraph. Before the author information, manually created superscript lowercase letters should be used after each author's surname, starting from 'a', and without using footnotes (starting from the 41st issue).
• On the left side of the summary section, the author information (Title, University, Department, ORCID, and e-mail) should be written in superscript numbers that start sequentially and should be ordered. The city and country information can also be added if preferred. Following this, the name and surname of the corresponding author, the article type, and the submission and acceptance dates (to be filled by the editors) should be included. This section, referred to as the "credit line" by our journal, should be written in 9-point font, justified alignment, with no space before or after the paragraph.
• The summary and abstract sections should be written in 9-point font, justified alignment, with no space before or after the paragraph. The summary section should not exceed 150 words, excluding keywords and JEL codes. At least 3 and up to 5 keywords and at least 1 JEL code should be included. The information on how to write the structured abstract section, referred to as "structured abstract" by our journal, will be explained in detail in the next section.

3.1. Structured Abstract and Abstract
• Our journal has implemented the policy of using "structured abstracts" starting from Volume 20, Issue 40 in the year 2020.
• Thanks to structured abstracts, the abstract sections of the articles will be standardized in terms of content and quality, and will provide more useful information to readers and researchers in a shorter amount of time.
• The abstract section should include a brief and concise statement of the study's objective, methodology, findings, and conclusions
• Purpose - What are the reasons for conducting this study and/or what are the objectives of the study? These will be briefly explained in this section.
• Methodology - What are the methodologies/approaches/methods (theoretical/practical) used in writing this article and/or conducting the research? These will be briefly explained in this section.
• Findings - What are the main findings of the conducted research/study? These will be briefly explained in this section
• Conclusion - What are the main results and evaluations (comments) of the conducted research/study? These will be briefly explained in this section."

3.2. Header and Footer
• The header and footer sections have been designed in accordance with the template and will be updated by the editors after the completion of the peer-review process of the article

3.3. Visual Elements
• The captions for visual elements should start with a capital letter for each word, be justified, and 11-point in size with 6pt spacing before and after. The caption should be separated from the numbered part by a dot, where the numbered part is written in bold and the title part is written in normal font (e.g. "Table 1. Characteristics of Visual Elements").
• The description and/or source information under the visual elements should be written in 9-point size with 6pt spacing before and after
• In-text references to visual elements should not use expressions such as "above" or "below", but rather refer to the element by its number, such as "Table 1" or "Figure 1".
• The same format should be used for all visual elements, and tables, figures, graphs, and images should be numbered separately and in order.

3.3.1. The information regarding tables
• The text inside the table should be single-spaced and in 9-point font size, with no spacing before or after (0 pt).
• Row/column numbers can be adjusted as needed.
• Row/column widths can be adjusted as needed, but the "Autofit to Window" command should be selected.
• Row height should be at least 0.5 cm.
• Text should be aligned to the center (middle left, middle vertical, middle right).
• Only horizontal borders should be used in the table, and all vertical borders should be removed.
• Tables that do not exceed one page (including sources and explanations below the table) should be placed on the same page without dividing. If there is not enough space on the current page, the overflowing tables should be started on a new page and the available space on the current page should be filled again (if possible).
• Tables that exceed one page should be divided into two separate tables, taking into account the above explanations, or the header row should be repeated for each continuing page.

3.3.2. Information on Shapes and Other Visual Elements
• Figures and other visual elements should be placed in such a way that they do not exceed one page (including captions and source information) and do not go beyond the margins. If there is not enough space on the current page, overflowing visual elements should be placed on the next page, and the layout should be adjusted if possible to fill in the empty space on the current page.
• Especially, after drawing figures, they should be grouped to include all components.

3.4. Ethical Statement, Author Contribution Statement and Statement of Interest
• In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included on the first page of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article. If ethical approval is not required for the study, this information should still be included in this section. Additionally, it is necessary to include a statement that the responsibility will be on the author in case of any contrary findings.
• The contribution of each author(s) to the study should be clearly indicated.
• Any potential conflict of interest during the study should be clearly stated.
• Authors are responsible for disclosing all personal and financial relationships that may be relevant to their work.
• Sample statements regarding these disclosures are provided in the template. You may revise the disclosure statement in the template to suit your study.

4. IN-TEXT DISPLAY OF REFERENCES/CITATIONS
• Every cited work should be included in the reference list.
• Our journal uses an in-text citation system. Authors are expected to be diligent in their citation and reference presentation.
• Our journal uses the APA 6th Edition style for citation and reference presentation.
• When presenting references, the "Citations and Bibliography" tab in Microsoft Word should be used. Citations should not be converted to static text.

5. CITATION OF SOURCES IN REFERENCES
• The works that are not referenced within the study should not be included in the bibliography.
• Our journal uses APA 6th Edition as the citation style.
• The "Citations & Bibliography" tab of the Office Word program should be used to create the bibliography. The bibliography should not be converted to static text
• Authors are expected to be meticulous in preparing their bibliographies.
• Bibliography should start on a new page (as of April 2021 Issue).

You can access the English version of the Article Template by clicking here.

Publication Ethics Principles
 The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with Press Law, Intellectual and Artistic Works Law and Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive. The Journal of Social Economic Research has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). 
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)

Republishing
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor returns this type of article without review. After that, the editor may impose an embargo on the author attempting to republish for a certain period of time, explain this situation to the public in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps as a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors cannot submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. The editor reserves the right to consult the other editor(s) receiving the article if he/she finds out this possible simultaneous submission. In addition, the editor may return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews, or take this decision by discussing it with the other relevant editor(s) and may decide not to accept article submissions from the authors for a certain period of time. It can also inform of the authors' employers or implement all of these measures together.

Plagiarism Prevention Control
Plagiarism is to present the ideas, methods, data, practices, writings, figures or works of others as their own work, in whole or in part, without attribution in accordance with scientific rules.
The Journal of Social Economic Research checks all submitted articles for plagiarism. The studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 15%. The main measure of similarity is that the author complies with the citation and quotation rules. Even though the similarity rate is 1%, if the citation and quotation are not duly made, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from the publication. This includes articles with possible irregularities and inconsistencies detected after publication.

Fraud
Fraud is to produce data that is not based on research, to edit or change the presented or published work on the basis of untrue data, to report or publish them, to make a research that has not been done appear as if it has been done.
Also, it is to falsify research records and obtained data, to present methods, devices and materials that are not used in the research as if they were used, not to evaluate data that are not suitable for the research hypothesis, to manipulate data and/or results in order to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, to falsify or shape.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
The Journal of Social Economic Research requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or material relating to human participants that is not legally available to the public should be subject to formal ethical review.

Handling Allegations of Research Abuse

The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office. Editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research will take action to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct. In no event will the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research knowingly allow such abuse to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding the allegations.

Ethical Infringement Notices
When readers notice an important error or mistake in an article published in the Journal of Social Economic Research, or have any complaints about editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), they can send a notification via electronic mail iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr . We welcome applications as it will provide an opportunity for us to improve, and we respond quickly and constructively.

Revision, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider issuing a correction if minor errors are detected in the published article that do not affect the findings, comments, and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the article in case of major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. If there is a possibility of misuse of research or publication by the authors; If there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions did not investigate the incident, or if the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive, editors should consider issuing a statement of concern. The COPE guidelines are considered with regard to correction, withdrawal or expression of concern.

Publication of Studies Based on Survey and Interview
The Journal of Social Economic Research adopts the principles of the Publication Ethics Committee (COPE) “Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors” and “Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers” in order to establish ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all branches of science that requires ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval should be obtained, this approval should be stated and documented in the article.)
2) In studies requiring ethics committee permission, information about the permission (the institution granting ethics committee permission, date, number, etc.) should be included on the first page of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publishing Policy
A special issue can be published in our journal once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in a special issue are first subjected to editorial review. Then it is examined in terms of compliance with the writing rules of the journal and similarity is checked to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, it is taken into the peer review process in which the double-blind reviewing model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research treat all submitted papers as confidential documents. This means that they will not disclose information about an article to anyone without the permission of the authors. During the article review process, the following people can access the articles: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only situation in which details about a paper may be passed on to a third party without the consent of the authors is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspects of Scientific Misconduct
Scientific misconduct has different definitions. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis, while following the guidance established by the major editorial ethics institutions. If the editor suspects an ethical violation or if there is an alleged violation, they are obliged to take action. This task covers both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles that raise concerns about potential abuse. Ethically, it is obliged to follow the alleged lawsuits. The editor should follow the COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from anyone suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the answer, they should ask the relevant employers or institution to investigate. The editor should use all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is carried out. If this does not happen, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to persist in finding a solution to the problem. This is an arduous but important task.
The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office. Editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research; will take action to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct occur. In no event will the Journal of Social Economic Research or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding the allegations.
Reviewers should notify the Editor when they suspect research or publication misconduct. The editor is responsible for carrying out the necessary actions by following the COPE recommendations.
The Journal of Social Economic Research undertakes to apply it to COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar topics.
• What to do when republishing is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do in requests for change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when a suspected ethical violations is notified by means such as e-mail
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Social Economic Research or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement, and we aim to respond quickly, courteously and constructively.
The complaint must relate to the content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Social Economic Research or our editorial staff. Complaints should be emailed directly to iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr and will be treated confidentially. The editor immediately responds to complaints. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and if they cannot be resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that their complaint be forwarded to more senior member of the journal.
• Complaints can be forwarded to the editor-in-chief if the complainant is not satisfied.
• A full response will be given within two weeks if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will make it easier to resolve disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures are exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to reviews by editors and reviewers. If you think we rejected your article because we misunderstood the scientific content, please send an objection message to our editorial team at iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr. Do not try to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your objection letter, we understand that your objection is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your article. Thus, your work is sent back to the external review process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider only one objection for each article, so please take the time and effort to write the letter in detail to make your objection clear. you have only one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged negotiation over rejected articles is often unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same work.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment regarding a primary interest may be affected by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that in order to make the best decision on how to handle an article, we need to know the competing interests of the authors and that if we publish the article, the readers should know them too.
Any financial or other interest that may conflict with one's work, significantly impair objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage to any person or entity. All financial support resources and the role of sponsors in the study should be explained during the conduct of the research and the preparation of the article. If there is no source of funding, this should also be stated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that need to be disclosed include consultations, hiring, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
The Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept submissions from editors, employees, or editorial board members to ensure unbiased review.
The editor should not be involved in decisions regarding articles with a conflict of interest, a shared interest, or written by family members. In addition, such work should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the COPE guidelines regarding disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Protection of Human, Animal and Environmental Rights
• All research on humans should be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association (WMA) Helsinki Declaration for Medical Research in Human Subject).
• Informed consent form must be obtained for clinical research on humans or samples obtained from humans and must be indicated on the first page of the article. For research conducted with human volunteers, a written informed consent form prepared in accordance with the research protocol must be obtained. The consent of the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or those with a recognised mental illness must be obtained.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research must be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants. The research must be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• All experiments involving animals must comply with ARRIVE and ICLAS guidelines and be approved by the ethics committee.
• Authors should provide information on the ethical treatment of animals as well as measures taken to prevent pain and suffering.
• Studies involving plants must comply with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Endangered Species and the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
• Experimental research and field work on plants and the collection of plant material must comply with relevant institutional, national and international norms and legislation.
• A statement indicating the permissions and/or licences required for the extraction of plant or seed samples should be included in the manuscript.

Carrying out of article process and article publishment in the Journal is free. No submission and processing fee is taken for the articles submitted or approved for publishing. Due to its publishing policy, the Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept sponsorship and advertisement.