Benlik ve Ekosistem Arasındaki Duyarlı ve Sorumlu Karşılıklılık: Mânevî Hümanist Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu makale, insan benliği ile ekosistemi arasındaki ‘duyarlı ve sorumlu karşılıklılık’ olanaklarını mânevî hümanizm perspektifinden araştırmaktadır. Mânevî hümanizm, üçüncü dönem Konfüçyüsçülükten (ki Çağdaş Neo-Konfüçyüsçülük olarak adlandırılır) doğan küresel bir söylemdir. Teorik bir çerçeve olarak mânevî hümanizm, insanlığı (ren) merkeze yerleştirir; dört boyutun tamamı -benlik, toplum, yer ve gök- insanlığın (ren) aktif yaşamsal gücü (qi) ile aktarılır. Bu söylemin, özellikle küresel ekolojik hareket bağlamında, etik uygulamalar için çıkarımları önemlidir: Salt ‘seküler’ ya da insan merkezli hümanizmden ziyade ‘rûhânî’ ya da antropokozmik temellere dayanan, doğal dünyayla uyumlu insânî hürmet, hem çevresel hem de nesiller arası adalet için bir ön koşuldur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mânevî Hümanizm
• Çağdaş Neokonfüçyüsçülük
• Ekoloji
• Antropokozmizm

Responsive and Responsible Mutuality between the Human Self and Her Ecosystem: A Perspective of Spiritual Humanism

Abstract

This paper investigates possibilities for ‘responsive and responsible mutuality’ between the human self and her ecosystem from the perspective of ‘Spiritual Humanism’. Spiritual Humanism is a global discourse emerging out of third-epoch Confucianism (so-called ‘Contemporary Neo-Confucianism’). As a theoretical framework, Spiritual Humanism places Humanity (ren) in the center; all four dimensions -self, community, Earth and Heaven- are transfused with the active vital power (qi) of Humanity (ren). The implications of this discourse for ethical practice, particularly in the context of the global ecological movement, are significant: corresponding human reverence for the natural world, rooted in ‘spiritual’ or anthropocosmic rather than merely ‘secular’ or anthropocentric humanism, is a precondition for both environmental and intergenerational justice.

Keywords

• Spiritual Humanism
• Contemporary Neo-Confucianism
• Ecology
• Anthropocosmism

References

1. Bing, Xiang. Harmony without Uniformity for Confucian Economic Sphere. 2018, http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001075787?archive.
2. Buber, Martin. I and Thou. Translated by Ronald Gregor Smith. Edinburg: T. &T. Clark, 1950.
3. Camilleri, J. “A Just and Ecologically Sustainable Peace: The Policy Imperative of Our Time,” in Towards a Just and Ecologically Sustainable Peace: Navigating the Great Transition, edited by J. Camilleri, D. Guess, D., 17-48. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
4. Levenson, J. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate: A Trilogy. Vol. III: The Problem of Historical Significance. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.
5. Nye, Joseph S. Jr. Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2005.
6. Simon, Herbert A. Reason in Human Affairs. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983.
7. Weiming, Tu. “An ‘Anthropocosmic’ Perspective on Creativity.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (2010): 7305-7311.
8. ---. “The Confucian Universal Value.”Chuanshan Journal 17, 5 (2017): 1-4.

9. ---. “Confucius and Ecology.” Chinese Philosophy History 3, 1 (2003): 5-18.
10. ---. “The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World.” Daedalus 130, 4 (2001): 243-264.
11. ---. The Global Significance of Concrete Humanity; Essays on the Confucian Discourse in Cultural China. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
12. ---. Speech in Paris on July 21 for a World Summit of Conscience. Video. 2:59:49 to 3:07:22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKqJAjC1dCI.
13. ---. “Spiritual Humanism: An Emerging Global Discourse.” Chuanshan Journal 21, 1 (2021): 1-7.
14. Weiming, Tu, et al. Toward a Dialogical Civilization: Dialogues. -In prep.-Independently published, 2024.
15. Yao, Xinzhong. An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
16. Zhao, Tingyang. Redefining A Philosophy for World Governance. Translated by Liqing Tao. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing Co., Ltd. & Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.