Bioethanol Production from Sugar Beet

Year 2016, Volume: 25 Issue: ÖZEL SAYI-2, 334 - 339, 31.12.2016

Süreyya Gülfem Altunbay Ayşe Kangal Songül Gürel

Abstract

Today,
gradually running out of fossil fuels, the destruction of ecosystems, efforts
to avoid being dependant on foreign countries for energy and to increase energy
diversity have increased the importance of fuels such as bioethanol. Biomass
production of bioethanol from sugar beet molasses will lead to open a new
market for beet producers, to widespread the crop rotation, to create an energy
farming culture and lead to an increase in sugar beet growing areas. Bioethanol
also contributes favorable support to the
ecology by providing diversity in agricultural production and it is important
for creating sustainable agricultural structure and supporting rural
development. Bioethanol in general is obtained by fermentation of plants
containing sugar and starch. Sugar beet molasses is used for the production of
bioethanol from sugar beet. Production of bioethanol from molasses is carried
out at three stages such as yeast reproduction, fermentation and distillation.
The alcohol obtained in %96 purity during ethanol production process is not
used as biofuel. In order to be used as biofuel it should be in %99.5 purity.
Therefore, in alcohol plants the purification and distillation units are needed
in addition to fermentation unit. Attention should be paid to alternative
energy sources such as bioethanol since the oil reserves are decreasing and
environment problems are increasing.

Keywords

Sugar Beet, bioethanol, energy

Şeker Pancarından Biyoetanol Üretimi

Abstract

Günümüzde fosil yakıtların giderek tükeniyor olması, ekosistemin tahrip
edilmesi, ülkelerin enerjide dışa bağımlı olmaktan kurtulma ve enerji
çeşitliliğini arttırma çabaları biyoetanol gibi yakıtların önemini
arttırmıştır. Biyokütle olarak şeker pancarı melasından biyoetanol üretimi
pancar üreticileri için yeni bir piyasanın açılmasına, ekim nöbetinin
yaygınlaşmasına, enerji tarımı kültürünün oluşması ve şeker pancarı ekim
alanlarının artmasına sebep olacaktır. Biyoetanol aynı zamanda tarımsal
üretimde çeşitliliği sağlayarak ekolojiye olumlu katkıda bulunması,
sürdürülebilir tarımsal yapı oluşturması, kırsal kalkınmayı desteklemesi
bakımından da önemlidir. Biyoetanol, genel olarak şeker ve nişasta içeren
bitkilerden fermantasyon yoluyla elde edilir. Şeker pancarında biyoetanol
üretiminde melas kullanılmaktadır. Melastan biyoetanol üretimi; mayanın
çoğaltılması, fermantasyon, distilasyon olmak üzere üç aşamada
gerçekleştirilmektedir. Etanol üretiminde elde edilen alkol %96 saflıkta olup
yakıt alkolü olarak kullanılamaz. Etil alkolün yakıt olarak kullanabilmesi için
en az %99.5 saflıkta olması gerekir. Bu nedenle alkol fabrikalarında
fermantasyon ünitesinden sonra saflaştırma ve susuzlaştırma ünitelerine ihtiyaç
vardır. Günümüzde petrol rezervlerinin azalması ve çevre sorunları yüzünden
biyoetanol gibi alternatif enerji kaynaklarına önem verilmelidir.

Keywords

Şeker pancarı, biyoetanol, enerji

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