New Generation Genome Editing Techniques: ZFNs, TALENs, CRISPRs and Their Usage in Plant Research

Year 2017, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 111 - 126, 29.06.2017

M. Aydın Akbudak , Kübra Kontbay

https://doi.org/10.21566/tarbitderg.323614

Cited By: 4

Abstract

ZFNs, TALENs and
CRISPRs are the new generation genome editing tools functioning by binding a
specified target region on DNA. Using one of these techniques, target genes
could be edited by insertion/deletions. It is also possible to replace
nucleotides in target genes via homologous recombination. Compared to the
current methods, new generation genome editing is faster, easier, more
efficient and less expensive. This review covers how and where new generation
genome editing techniques can be used, comparison one to another, and
highlights applications in plant genetic engineering and plant breeding.
Furthermore, the release of genome edited plants to the environment and current
regulations in the world are discussed. It is predicted that improvements in
binding and excising efficacy of new generation genome editing techniques would
take the current research one step further, and would be a major aid to plant
breeding that would lead to generating crop varieties with higher yield,
quality and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Keywords

ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR, gene silencing

Yeni Nesil Genom Düzenleme Teknikleri: ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR’lar ve Bitkilerde Kullanımı

Abstract

ZFN, TALEN ve CRISPR’lar
DNA’da hedeflenen bölgeye bağlanabilmeleri sayesinde genomda düzenleme yapmaya imkân
veren yeni nesil genom düzenleme teknikleridir. Bu tekniklerin kullanımı sayesinde
hedef genler mutasyona uğratılarak ya da genomdan kesilerek susturulabilmekte, ayrıca
genlerde istenilen nükleotidlerin değiştirilmesi de mümkün olabilmektedir. Yapılan
genom düzenlemeleri hâlihazırda kullanılan metotlara kıyasla daha hızlı, daha kolay,
etkin ve ucuzdur. Bu makalede yeni nesil genom düzenleme tekniklerinin çalışma
prensipleri, kullanıldıkları alanlar, tekniklerin birbirleriyle kıyaslanması ve
bu teknikler kullanılarak genetik mühendisliği ve ıslahı alanında şu ana kadar yapılmış
çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Makalenin son bölümünde bu tekniklerle yapılan
düzenlemeler sonucunda elde edilen bitkilerin doğaya salınımı ve bu konuda mevcut
düzenlemelere de değinilmiştir. Yeni nesil genom düzenleme tekniklerinin bağlanma
ve kesim etkinliklerinin artırılması mevcut çalışmaları bir adım daha ileriye taşıyarak,
daha verimli, kaliteli ve çevresel faktörlere karşı toleranslı çeşitlerin
geliştirilmesine imkân tanıyacaktır.

Keywords

ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR, gen susturma

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