DĒMOKRATIA - OLIGARKHIA: ERKEN HELLENİSTİK DÖNEM’E DEĞİN DEMOKRASİ VE OLİGARŞİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ

Year 2022, Volume: 41 Issue: 72, 79 - 113, 30.09.2022

Sultan Deniz Küçüker , Türkan Banu Güler

https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1127661

Abstract

Siyasal egemenliğe ilişkin temel kavramlardan olan dēmokratia (demokrasi) ve oligarkhia (oligarşi), anayasal yönetim biçimleri olarak antik Hellen siyasi coğrafyasının tarihi koşulları içinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Arkaik Dönem’in farklı polis merkezlerinde, kısmen birbirine koşut olarak ortaya çıkmalarının ardından bu iki yönetim biçimi, değişen devletlerarası dengelerin bir sonucu olarak zaman içinde büyüyen kırılmalarla birbirinden uzaklaşmaya başlamış ve nihayet Erken Hellenistik Dönem ile birlikte yeni siyasi konjonktür içinde sadece dēmokratia, polis için arzu edilen siyasal düzen olarak öne çıkmıştır. Konu edilen bu tarihi süreç, mevcut çalışmada özgün edebi ve epigrafik belgelere dayalı olarak antik Hellen siyasal dünyasının yoğunlukla devletlerarası dinamikleri ile devlet ideolojileri ekseninde ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmada uygulanan karşılaştırmalı yöntem sayesinde dēmokratia’nın hangi tarihi koşullarda oligarkhia’yı aştığını ve yaklaşık İÖ 3. yüzyılın başlarında en iyi sivil yönetim biçimi olarak kabul edilmeye başlandığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Demokrasi, Oligarşi, Aristokrasi, Polis, Politeia

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