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Some Physical, Mechanical and Ripening Properties of the Boğazkere Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and Theirs Relationships

Year 2017, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 11 - 19, 26.12.2017

Abstract

In this study, some physical, mechanical and ripening properties
of local variety Boğazkere grape and their relationships were determined depend
on three different phenological stages and five cane internode (IN) diameters.
This research was performed at commercial vineyard in Diyarbakır province,
which is located in the southeastern part of Turkey. Cutting properties and
energy values were measured by The Lloyd LRX plus materials testing machine. In
addition to cutting properties of cane, grape berries’ include length, with,
thickness, geometric mean diameter, 
sphericity,  surface area, berry
detachment force (BDF), berry weight (W), berry detachment force/weight (BDF/W)
were determined.

The mean length, width and thickness values of berries were found
as 16.64 mm, 15.49 mm, and 15.42 mm, respectively. The arithmetic mean
diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area values were not changed
statistically with phenological stages.

There were found closely relationships between ripening and
mechanical properties at different 
phenological stages for grape berries. The ratio of BDF/W decreased with
phenological stages. The BDF was decreased from 2.60 N to 2.13 N, the grape
berries skin firmness decreased from 1.60 N to 0.93 N, while berries weight
increased from 2.48 g to 2.76 g with harvesting stages. Total soluble solids
content and pH values increased with phenological stages. Whereas the total
acids were slight changed and reduced from 0.413 to 0.323 % with ripening
stages.







The
phenological stages has not significant effect on the cutting properties of
cane (P >0.05). However, cutting force were found highly correlated with the
cane diameter, the significant differences were found among internodes diameter
of grape canes at a 5 % probability level. While the maximum cutting force and
energy were obtained at IN5 diameter as 600.92 N and 5.05 J, the minimum
cutting force and energy were obtained at IN1 diameter as 289 N N and 1.52 J,
respectively. 

References

  • Anonymous, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute Agriculture Databases. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/ PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=vt
  • ASABE Standards, 2006. S358.2: 1:1 Measurement –Forages. 52nd ed. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph MI.
  • Alizadeh, M.R., F.R.Ajdadi, A. Dabbaghi, 2011. Cutting energy of rice stem as influenced by internode position and dimensional characteristics of different varieties. AJCS 5(6):681-687, ISSN:1835-2707.
  • Beyhan, M.A., 1996. Determination of shear strength of hazelnut sucker. J.Agric.Fac.OMU 11(3): 167-181. Chen Y., Gratton J.L., Liu J. 2004. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4), 417–424.
  • Georget,D.MR, Smith, A.C, Waldron, K.W. (2001). Effect of ripening on the mechanical properties of Portuguese and Spanish varieties of olive (Olea europaea L) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 81:448-454.
  • Ekinci, K. – Yilmazand, D. – Ertekin, C. 2010. Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of ca¬rob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In African Journal of Agricultural Re¬search, vol. 5, 2010, no. 10, pp. 1015–1021 . Emadi B., Kosse V., Yarlagadda P. 2004. Relationship between mechanical properties of pumpkin and skin thickness. International Journal of Food Properties, 8(2), 277-287.
  • Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Pekitkan, F.G., Elicin, A.K., Öztürk, F. and Sessiz, A. 2017. Some enginnering properties of the Şire grape (Vitis Vinifera L.). Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXI, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653. June 8-10, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Ghahraei O., Ahmad D., Khalina A., Suryanto H.,Othman J. 2011. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 54(1), 51-56.
  • Heidari A., Chegini G.R. 2011 Determining the shear strength and picking force of rose flower. Agricultural Engineering. Ejpau 14(2),13. Available Online: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume14/issue2/art-13.html
  • Hoseinzadeh B., Shirneshan A. 2012. Bending and shearing characteristics of canola stem. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ.Sci., 12 (3), 275-281.
  • İnce A., Ugurluay S., Guzel E., Ozcan M.T. 2005.Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosystem Engineering, 92 (2), 175-181.
  • Jha, S.N. , Kingsly.,A.R.P. Sangeeta, C. (2006). Physical and mechanical properties of mango during growth and storage for determination of maturity. Journal of Food Engineering 72 (2006) 73–76
  • Kabas, o., A. Ozmerzi., I. Akinci.Physical properties of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) grown wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering. Volume 73, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 198–202
  • Khodaei, J., H.S. Akhijahani.(2012) Some Physical Properties of Rasa Grape (Vitis vinifera L.).World Applied Sciences Journal 18 (6): 818-825
  • Lu, R., Siebenmorgen T. J. (1995). Correlation of head rice yield to selected physical and mechanical properties of rice kernels. Transactions of the ASAE .VOL. 38(3):889-894
  • Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animals materials. 2 nd edition. New York, NY: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
  • Morris J.R. 2000. Past, Present, and future of vineyard mechanization. Proceeding ASEV 50 th Anniv. Ann. Mtg. Seatle, WA, Vol.51, 155-164.
  • Morris, J.R.2007. Development and Commercialization of a Complete Vineyard Mechanization system. Hort Technology. vol:17(4),411-420
  • Nesvadba N, M.Houska, W.Wolf, V.Gekas, D.Jarvis, P.A.Sadd, A.I. johns. 2004. Database of physical properties of agro-food materials. Journal of Food Engineering 61, 497-503
  • Nowakowski, T. (2016). Empirical model of unit energy requirements for cutting giant miscanthus stalks depending on grinding process parameters. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Agriculture No 67 (Agricultural and Forest Engineering) 2016: 63–70
  • Özdemir G., Sogut A.B., Pirinccioglu M., Kizil G., Kizil M.,2016. Changes in the phytochemical components in wine grape varieties during the ripening period. Scientific Papers B, Horticulture Vol. LX, 85-93.
  • Özdemir, G., Sessiz, A., Esgici, R., Eliçin, A. K., 2015. Cutting properties of wine grape cultivars. Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LIX, 2015. Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653
  • Persson, S. 1987. Mechanics of cutting plant material. ASAE Publications, St Joseph, MI, USA
  • Romano E., Bonsignore R., Camillieri D., Caruso L., Conti A., Schillaci G. 2010. Evaluation of hand forces during manual vine branches cutting. International Conference Ragusa SHWA, September 16-18, 2010 Ragusa Ibla Campus- Italy. Work Safety and Risk Prevention in Agro-food and Forest Systems.
  • Putri, R.E., Yahya, A., Adam, N.M., Aziz, Samsuzana, A.A. (2015). Correlation of Moisture Content to Selected Mechanical Properties of Rice Grain samples. (2015). International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. Vol.5, ISSN:2088-5334
  • Renny E.P., Yahya A., Adam N.M., Aziz, Samsuzana, A.A.,2015. Correlation of moisture content to selected mechanical properties of rice grain samples. (2015). International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. Vol.5, ISSN:2088-5334
  • Sessiz, A., M.T. Özcan .2006. Olive removal with Pneumatic branch shaker and abscission chemical .Journal of Food Engineering, Volume: 76 Issue: 2 Pages: 148-153. Elsevier, London.
  • Sessiz. A. , R. Esgici and S. Kızıl. 2007. Moisture-dependent physical Pproperties of caper (Capparis Ssp) Fruit. Journal Of Food Engineering”, 79,1426-1431. Elsevier, London.
  • Sessiz, A., A.K. Elicin, R. Esgici,G. Ozdemır,L. Nozdrovıcký. 2013. Cutting Properties of Olive Sucker. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. The Scientific Journal for Agricultural Engineering, The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Vol: 16(3), 80–84.
  • Sessiz, A. R. Esgici, G. Özdemir, A.K. Eliçin, F.G.Pekitkan. 2015. Cutting properties of different grape varieties, Agriculture & Forestry, Vol. 61. Issue 1: 211-216, 2015, DOI: 10.17707 /AgricultForest. 61.1.27 Podgorica
  • Taghijarah, T., H. Ahmadi., M. Ghahderijani., M.Tavakoli 2011. Shearing characteristics of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) stalks as a function of the rate of the applied force. AJCS 5(6), 630-634.
  • Yore,M.W, Jenkins, B.M, Summers, M.D.( 2002) Cutting Properties of Rice Straw Paper Number: 026154.ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XVth World Congress
  • Zare, D., Salmanizade, F., H. Safiyari (2012). Some Phyical and mechanical properties of Russian olive fruit. World Academiy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal and biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnologicval Enginerring. Vol:6(9), 668-671.
  • Zareiforoush H., Mohtasebi S.S., Tavakoli H., Alizadeh M.R. 2010. Effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(3), 190–195.
Year 2017, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 11 - 19, 26.12.2017

Abstract

References

  • Anonymous, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute Agriculture Databases. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/ PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=vt
  • ASABE Standards, 2006. S358.2: 1:1 Measurement –Forages. 52nd ed. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph MI.
  • Alizadeh, M.R., F.R.Ajdadi, A. Dabbaghi, 2011. Cutting energy of rice stem as influenced by internode position and dimensional characteristics of different varieties. AJCS 5(6):681-687, ISSN:1835-2707.
  • Beyhan, M.A., 1996. Determination of shear strength of hazelnut sucker. J.Agric.Fac.OMU 11(3): 167-181. Chen Y., Gratton J.L., Liu J. 2004. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4), 417–424.
  • Georget,D.MR, Smith, A.C, Waldron, K.W. (2001). Effect of ripening on the mechanical properties of Portuguese and Spanish varieties of olive (Olea europaea L) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 81:448-454.
  • Ekinci, K. – Yilmazand, D. – Ertekin, C. 2010. Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of ca¬rob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In African Journal of Agricultural Re¬search, vol. 5, 2010, no. 10, pp. 1015–1021 . Emadi B., Kosse V., Yarlagadda P. 2004. Relationship between mechanical properties of pumpkin and skin thickness. International Journal of Food Properties, 8(2), 277-287.
  • Esgici, R., Özdemir, G., Pekitkan, F.G., Elicin, A.K., Öztürk, F. and Sessiz, A. 2017. Some enginnering properties of the Şire grape (Vitis Vinifera L.). Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXI, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653. June 8-10, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Ghahraei O., Ahmad D., Khalina A., Suryanto H.,Othman J. 2011. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 54(1), 51-56.
  • Heidari A., Chegini G.R. 2011 Determining the shear strength and picking force of rose flower. Agricultural Engineering. Ejpau 14(2),13. Available Online: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume14/issue2/art-13.html
  • Hoseinzadeh B., Shirneshan A. 2012. Bending and shearing characteristics of canola stem. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ.Sci., 12 (3), 275-281.
  • İnce A., Ugurluay S., Guzel E., Ozcan M.T. 2005.Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosystem Engineering, 92 (2), 175-181.
  • Jha, S.N. , Kingsly.,A.R.P. Sangeeta, C. (2006). Physical and mechanical properties of mango during growth and storage for determination of maturity. Journal of Food Engineering 72 (2006) 73–76
  • Kabas, o., A. Ozmerzi., I. Akinci.Physical properties of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) grown wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering. Volume 73, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 198–202
  • Khodaei, J., H.S. Akhijahani.(2012) Some Physical Properties of Rasa Grape (Vitis vinifera L.).World Applied Sciences Journal 18 (6): 818-825
  • Lu, R., Siebenmorgen T. J. (1995). Correlation of head rice yield to selected physical and mechanical properties of rice kernels. Transactions of the ASAE .VOL. 38(3):889-894
  • Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animals materials. 2 nd edition. New York, NY: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
  • Morris J.R. 2000. Past, Present, and future of vineyard mechanization. Proceeding ASEV 50 th Anniv. Ann. Mtg. Seatle, WA, Vol.51, 155-164.
  • Morris, J.R.2007. Development and Commercialization of a Complete Vineyard Mechanization system. Hort Technology. vol:17(4),411-420
  • Nesvadba N, M.Houska, W.Wolf, V.Gekas, D.Jarvis, P.A.Sadd, A.I. johns. 2004. Database of physical properties of agro-food materials. Journal of Food Engineering 61, 497-503
  • Nowakowski, T. (2016). Empirical model of unit energy requirements for cutting giant miscanthus stalks depending on grinding process parameters. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Agriculture No 67 (Agricultural and Forest Engineering) 2016: 63–70
  • Özdemir G., Sogut A.B., Pirinccioglu M., Kizil G., Kizil M.,2016. Changes in the phytochemical components in wine grape varieties during the ripening period. Scientific Papers B, Horticulture Vol. LX, 85-93.
  • Özdemir, G., Sessiz, A., Esgici, R., Eliçin, A. K., 2015. Cutting properties of wine grape cultivars. Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LIX, 2015. Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653
  • Persson, S. 1987. Mechanics of cutting plant material. ASAE Publications, St Joseph, MI, USA
  • Romano E., Bonsignore R., Camillieri D., Caruso L., Conti A., Schillaci G. 2010. Evaluation of hand forces during manual vine branches cutting. International Conference Ragusa SHWA, September 16-18, 2010 Ragusa Ibla Campus- Italy. Work Safety and Risk Prevention in Agro-food and Forest Systems.
  • Putri, R.E., Yahya, A., Adam, N.M., Aziz, Samsuzana, A.A. (2015). Correlation of Moisture Content to Selected Mechanical Properties of Rice Grain samples. (2015). International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. Vol.5, ISSN:2088-5334
  • Renny E.P., Yahya A., Adam N.M., Aziz, Samsuzana, A.A.,2015. Correlation of moisture content to selected mechanical properties of rice grain samples. (2015). International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. Vol.5, ISSN:2088-5334
  • Sessiz, A., M.T. Özcan .2006. Olive removal with Pneumatic branch shaker and abscission chemical .Journal of Food Engineering, Volume: 76 Issue: 2 Pages: 148-153. Elsevier, London.
  • Sessiz. A. , R. Esgici and S. Kızıl. 2007. Moisture-dependent physical Pproperties of caper (Capparis Ssp) Fruit. Journal Of Food Engineering”, 79,1426-1431. Elsevier, London.
  • Sessiz, A., A.K. Elicin, R. Esgici,G. Ozdemır,L. Nozdrovıcký. 2013. Cutting Properties of Olive Sucker. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. The Scientific Journal for Agricultural Engineering, The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Vol: 16(3), 80–84.
  • Sessiz, A. R. Esgici, G. Özdemir, A.K. Eliçin, F.G.Pekitkan. 2015. Cutting properties of different grape varieties, Agriculture & Forestry, Vol. 61. Issue 1: 211-216, 2015, DOI: 10.17707 /AgricultForest. 61.1.27 Podgorica
  • Taghijarah, T., H. Ahmadi., M. Ghahderijani., M.Tavakoli 2011. Shearing characteristics of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) stalks as a function of the rate of the applied force. AJCS 5(6), 630-634.
  • Yore,M.W, Jenkins, B.M, Summers, M.D.( 2002) Cutting Properties of Rice Straw Paper Number: 026154.ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XVth World Congress
  • Zare, D., Salmanizade, F., H. Safiyari (2012). Some Phyical and mechanical properties of Russian olive fruit. World Academiy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal and biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnologicval Enginerring. Vol:6(9), 668-671.
  • Zareiforoush H., Mohtasebi S.S., Tavakoli H., Alizadeh M.R. 2010. Effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(3), 190–195.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdullah Sessiz

Gültekin Özdemir

Reşat Esgici

Publication Date December 26, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sessiz, A., Özdemir, G., & Esgici, R. (2017). Some Physical, Mechanical and Ripening Properties of the Boğazkere Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and Theirs Relationships. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 13(1), 11-19.

Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science is a refereed scientific journal published by the Agricultural Machinery Association as 3 issues a year.