1998 Tarihli Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü’nün Konu Bakımından Yargı Yetkisine İlişkin Hükümlerinin Kimyasal Silahlar Açısından Yorumlanması

Year 2023, , 209 - 248, 30.06.2023

Mustafa Uçar

https://doi.org/10.59933/tauhfd.1324536

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusunu kimyasal silahların Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin yargı yetkisi dahilinde olup olmadığı sorunu oluşturmaktadır. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’ni kuran 1998 tarihli Roma Statüsü’nün mahkemenin konu bakımından yetkisini düzenleyen hükümleri arasında kimyasal silahlar terimine açıkça yer verilmemiştir. Kimyasal silahlar terimine açıkça yer verilmemesinin haricinde asıl tartışma konusu, bu terimin Statü’nün taslak maddelerinde yer almasına rağmen metnin son halinden çıkarılmasıdır. Bu da taraf devletlerin kimyasal silah kullanımını bilinçli olarak cezasız bırakıp bırakmadığı tartışmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu tartışma da uluslararası antlaşmaların yorumu ve bu yorumda hazırlık çalışmalarının ne ölçüde kullanılabileceği problemi ile doğrudan ilgilidir. Çalışmada hazırlık çalışmalarından, Statü’ye taraf devletlerin kimyasal silahları Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin yargı yetkisi kapsamı dışında bıraktıkları sonucunun çıkarılıp çıkarılamayacağı ve Statü’nün 8. maddesinin kimyasal silahları kapsadığı şekilde yorumlanıp yorumlanamayacağı konusu açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Kimyasal silahlar, 1998 Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü, uluslararası antlaşmaların yorumlanması, hazırlık çalışmaları

The Interpretation of the Provisions on Jurisdiction of the 1998 Rome Statute of International Criminal Court in Regards to Chemical Weapons

Abstract

The subject of this study is whether chemical weapons are within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The Rome Statute of 1998, which established the International Criminal Court did not explipictly included the term of chemical weapons among its provisions, which regulates the Court's jurisdiction in terms of jurisdiction ratione materiae. Apart from the fact that the term of chemical weapons is not explicitly included, the main subject of discussion is although chemical weapons is included in the draft articles of the Statute, the omission of this term from the final version. This brought the debate whether the state delegates deliberately left the use of chemical weapons unpunished. This discussion is directly related to the problem of interpretation of international treaties and then the extent to which preparatory work can be used in this interpretation. In the study, it was tried to clarify whether it can be deduced from the preparatory work that the states delegates to the Statute exclude chemical weapons from the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and whether the article 8 of the Statute can be interpreted as including chemical weapons.

Keywords

Chemical weapons, 1998 Rome Statute of International Criminal Court, treaty interpretation, preparatory work

Die Auslegung der Bestimmungen über die sachliche Zuständigkeit des Römischen Statuts des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs von 1998 in Bezug auf chemische Waffen

Abstract

Die Einrichtung eines internationalen Strafgerichtshofs war schon immer ein Bedürfnis der internationalen Gemeinschaft, um die humanitären Tragödien in der Welt zu bestrafen, neue menschliche Tragödien zu verhindern und vor allem um Kriegsverbrechen zu verurteilen.
Im Vorwort des Römischen Statuts heißt es, dass schwere Verbrechen den Frieden, die Sicherheit und das Wohlergehen der Welt bedrohen. Bei der Einrichtung des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs mit dem Römischen Statuts ist es beabsichtigt, dass die schwersten Verbrechen gegen die internationale Gemeinschaft insgesamt nicht ungestraft bleiben und dass eine wirksame Strafverfolgung durch Maßnahmen auf nationaler Ebene und eine verstärkte internationale Zusammenarbeit sichergestellt wird. Die Vertragsstaaten haben das Römische Statut unterzeichnet und erklärt, dass sie entschlossen sind, die Straflosigkeit der Täter dieser Verbrechen zu beenden und zur Verhütung solcher Verbrechen beizutragen. Im Jahr 1998 wurde das Römische Statut verabschiedet.

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