Akdeniz ekosistem koşulları altında oluşmuş toprakların sınıflaması ve dağılımlarının belirlenmesi: Kemalpaşa Havzası örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, Gediz Havzası’nın Kemalpaşa Alt Havzası’ndaki toprakların haritalanması, sınıflandırılması ve özelliklerinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma alanı, İzmir ve Manisa illeri sınırları içerisinde yer almakta olup, yaklaşık 673.5 km²'lik bir alanı kapsamaktadır. Akdeniz ikliminin hakim olduğu havzada, Newhall simülasyon modeline göre toprak sıcaklık rejimi thermic ve toprak nem rejimi ise xeric olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, 1:25.000 ölçekli topografik harita, uydu görüntüleri, jeolojik haritalar ve arazi gözlemleri kullanılarak 50 adet toprak profili tanımlanmış ve horizon esasına göre toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak örnekleri üzerinde yapılan fiziksel, kimyasal ve verimlilik analizleri sonucunda elde edilen veriler, Toprak Taksonomisi ve Dünya Referans Sistemi (WRB) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve topraklar sınıflandırılmıştır. Toprak Taksonomisine göre havzada 13 alt grup, WRB sistemine göre ise 7 referans toprak grubu belirlenmiştir. Haritalama çalışmaları sonucunda, havzanın %79.3'ünde Entisol, %11.3'ünde Alfisol iken toplam alanın yaklaşık %0.2'si ile de en az alan ise Vertisol'ler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu detaylı sayısal toprak haritası ve toprak özellikleri bilgisi, havzanın toprak kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir yönetimi ve arazi kullanım planlamaları için önemli bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kemalpaşa Havzası
• toprak etüt ve haritalama
• toprak sınıflandırması

Classification and distribution of soils formed under mediterranean ecosystem conditions: The case study; Kemalpaşa Basin

Öz

The present study aims to map, classify, and determine the properties of soils in the Kemalpaşa sub-basin of the Gediz Basin. The study area is located within the boundaries of İzmir and Manisa provinces, covering an area of approximately 673.5 km². In the basin dominated by the Mediterranean climate, the soil temperature regime is identified as thermic, and the soil moisture regime as xeric according to the Newhall simulation model. In this study, a total of 50 soil profiles were described and soil samples were taken based on horizons using a 1:25.000 scale topographic map, satellite images, geological maps, and field observations. The data obtained from the physical, chemical, and fertility analyses of the soil samples were evaluated using Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) systems and the soils were classified. According to ST, 13 subgroups were identified in the basin, while according to the WRB system, 7 reference soil groups were determined. Mapping studies revealed that Entisols cover 79.3% of the basin, Alfisols 11.3% and Vertisols, with only about 0.2%, occupy the smallest area. This detailed digital soil map and soil properties information obtained provide a significant resource for the sustainable management of soil resources and land use planning in the basin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kemalpaşa Basin
• soil survey and mapping
• soil classification

Kaynakça

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