Pythium oligandrum’un bitki patojenlerine karşı biyolojik savaşta kullanımı

Öz

Chromista aleminde yer alan Pythium türleri bitkilerde patojen olmakla beraber bazı türlerin mikoparazitik özellik taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Mikoparazit türler içinde üzerinde en fazla araştırma yapılan dikenli oogonium duvarına sahip olan Pythium oligandrum’dur. Bu mikoparazit, parazitizm, antibiosis ve enzim aktivitesi gibi değişik mekanizmalara bağlı olarak toprak kökenli bazı bitki patojenleri üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum ve Fusarium culmorum gibi patojenlere karşı antagonistik etki yaparak onların hifsel gelişimini engellemiştir. P. oligandrum biyolojik mücadelede kullanılan etkili bir mikoparazittir. Bu etmen ilk kez 1994 yılında Çek Cumhuriyeti’nde ‘Polverysum’ adı altında preparat haline getirilmiştir ve 106 -107 oospor/g yoğunluğunda P. oligandrum oosporlarını içeren ıslanabilir toz (WP) formulasyonda bir preparattır. Tohum ilaçlaması ve yeşil aksam ilaçlaması şeklinde önerilmektedir. Sebze, meyve, tahıl ve süs bitkilerindeki bazı hastalıklara karşı uygulanabilmektedir. Bu makalede oligandrum’un sistematikteki yeri, morfolojik özellikleri, bazı fungal bitki patojenleri üzerindeki mikoparazitik aktivitesi ve ticari formülasyonu hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pythium oligandrum,mikoparazit,,biyolojik mücadele

Possibilities of using Pythium oligandrum against fungal plant pathogens in biological control

Öz

Abstract: Pythium species belonging to the Chromista kingdom are mainly pathogenic on plants, but some species were found to be mycoparasitic. Most of the studies about mycoparasitic species are on Pythium oligandrum, a mycoparasite with ornamented oogonial wall. This mycoparasite can affect some soil-borne plant pathogens due to various mechanisms such as parasitism, antibiosis and enzyme activity. P. oligandrum has antagonistic effect against pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium culmorum thereby preventing their hyphal development. It is an effective mycoparasite used in biological control. This agent was first registered in the Czech Republic in 1994 under the name 'Polverysum' and is a preparation in the form of wettable powder (WP) containing oospores of P. oligandrum at a density of 106 -107 oospores/g. It’s recommended usage is seed and plant spraying and can be applied against some diseases of vegetables, fruits, cereals and ornamental plants. In this paper, taxonomical position, morphological characteristics, activity against some fungal plant pathogens and formulation of P. oligandrum were mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pythium oligandrum,mycoparasite,,biological control

Kaynakça

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