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Adana’da Amaranthus türleri (Amaranthaceae) üzerinde bulunan potansiyel bir biyolojik mücadele etmeni: Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 118 - 127, 09.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1125554

Abstract

Amaranthus türleri, Türkiye’de yazlık kültür bitkileri ile bahçelerde verimi etkileyen önemli yabancı otların başında yer almaktadır. Pestisitlerin çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri ile Amaranthus türlerinin çeşitli herbisit etki mekanizmalarına karşı yüksek düzeyde dayanıklılık geliştirmesi, alternatif yabancı ot kontrol yöntemlerine ilgi duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Yabancı otlarla biyolojik mücadele son zamanlarda büyük önem kazandığından, bu çalışma Adana ilindeki Amaranthus türlerinin potansiyel olabilecek biyolojik mücadele ajanlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla Adana’nın üç ilçesinde (Yüreğir-Ceyhan-İmamoğlu) rastlantısal olarak 10 tarlada sörvey yapılmıştır. Her tarladan rastgele 10 adet Amaranthus bitkisi toplanmış, kesip açılmış ve farklı evrelerde bulunan böceklerin sayıları kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile, Amaranthus cinsine bağlı 3 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiş olup Amaranthus palmeri L. en yaygın tür olmuş, bu türü Amaranthus retroflexus L. ve Amaranthus spinosus L. izlemiştir. Amaranthus bitkilerinde toplam olarak, 59 larva, 26 pupa ve 10 adet ergin birey tespit edilmiştir. Ergin bireylerin tamamı genital organlarına göre Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, H. pica’nın A. palmeri ve A. retoflexus’un potansiyel biyolojik mücadele ajanı olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle H. pica gibi potansiyel faydalı böcekler için kitle üretim yöntemleri geliştirmelidir. Ayrıca, ekolojileri ile hedef yabancı ot türleri üzerinde biyolojik mücadele etmeni olarak rollerini belirlemek için daha detaylı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.

References

  • Akbaş B. & Ü. Asav, 2015. Ülkemizde istilacı türlere genel bir bakış. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 18: 3-4.
  • Alonso-Zarazaga M.A. & C.H. Lyal, 2002. Addenda and corrigenda to ‘A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)’. Zootaxa, 63(1), 1-37.
  • Balsbaugh E.U., R.D. Jr Frye, C.G. Scholl & A.W. Anderson, 1981. Insects for weed control: status in North Dakota. North Dakota Farm Research, 39:3-7.
  • Barralis G. & J. Gasquez, 1987. Investigations on herbicide resistant weeds. Newsletter of the European Weed Research Society, 38: 5-10.
  • Bürki H.M., 1997. Investigations on the Feasibility of Biological Control of Pigweeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Wats. and A. bouchonii Thell.) with Phytophagous Insects, Fungal Pathogens and Crop Management. University of Bern, PhD Thesis, Switzerland.
  • Bürki H.M., D. Schroeder, J. Lawrie, L. Cagán, M. Vráblová, M. El Aydam, F. Szentkirályi, R. Ghorbani, B. Jüttersonke & H.U. Ammon, 1997. Biological control of pigweeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. bouchonii Thell.) using phytophagous insects, fungal pathogens and crop management. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 2: 51–59.
  • El-Aydam M. & H.M. Bürki, 1997. Biological control of noxious pigweeds in Europe: a literature review of the insect species associated with Amaranthus spp. worldwide. Biocontrol News and Information, 18(1).
  • Eren Ö, M.N. Doğan, Ö. Boz, S. Türkseven, Özcan, R. 2016. Amaranthus palmeri L. [In: Raab-Straube, E. von & T. Raus, (Editors), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 6], Willdenowia. 423-424, 437-441.
  • Gossett B.J., E.C. Murdock & J.E. Toler, 1992. Resistance of palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to the dinitroaniline herbicides. Weed Technology, 6(3): 587-591.
  • Gönen O. & F.N. Uygur, 2000. A new record for the flora of Turkey Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 24: 359–360.
  • Gültekin L. & B.A. Korotyaev, 2012. New Data on Cosmobaris discolor (Boheman) and Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Amaranthus (L.) (Amaranthaceae). Coleopterists Bulletin, 66(3): 226-232.
  • Hamenway R. & W.H. Whitcomb, 1968. The Life History of Disonycha glabrata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41: 174-178.
  • Haseeb M., C.W. O’Brien, R.W. Flowers & M.T.K.M. Kairo, 2006. Identification tool for weevil biological control agents of aquatic and terrestrial weeds in the United States and Canada. Lucid Key (Ver. 3.3), December, 2006.
  • Hierro J.L., Ö. Eren, M.N. Chiuffo & D. Villarreal, 2013. Non-native conditions favor non-native populations of invasive plant: demographic consequences of seed size variation? Oikos, 122: 583-590.
  • Horak M. J. & D. E. Peterson, 1995. Biotypes of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp are resistant to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. Weed Technology, 9: 192-195.
  • Jones G.D. & K.C. Allen, 2012. Using Amaranthus palmeri pollen to mark captured tarnished plant bugs. Palynology, 36(2: 153-161.
  • Kolaib, M.O., M.W.F. Younes & E.T.E. Darwish, 1986. Hypolixus nubilosus as a factor in biological control of Amaranthus weeds in Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science (Cairo), 31: 767-776.
  • Napompeth, B. 1982. Biological research and development in Thailand. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant Protection Tropics, pp. 301–303.
  • Norsworthy J.K., G.M. Griffith, R.C. Scott, K.L. Smith & L.R. Oliver, 2008. Confirmation and control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Arkansas. Weed Technology, 22: 108-113.
  • Önen H., 2015. Türkiye istilacı bitkiler kataloğu. T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. Ankara, p:1-10.
  • Pourtaherzarei, R.A, P. Shishebor & R. Eslamizadeh, 2010. A study of the biology of Amaranthus stem boring weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) on red root pig weed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. in Dezful. Iran Journal of Plant Protection Science, 41: 225-232 (in Persian with English abstract).
  • Rajeshkanna, S., N. Sivaraga & G. Mikunthan, 2017. Biology and Management of Amaranthus Stem Borer (Hypolixus Truncatulus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, 19: 258-266.
  • Schroeder D., H.M. Schaerer & C.S.A. Stinson, 1993. A European weed survey in 10 major crop systems to identify targets for biological control. Weed Research, 33: 449-58.
  • Snodgrass G.L., W.P. Scott & J.W. Smith, 1984. Host plants and seasonal distribution of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Environmental Entomology, 13: 110-116.
  • Steckel L. E., 2007. The dioecious Amaranthus spp.: here to stay. Weed Technology, 21: 567-570.
  • Tawfik M.F.S, K. Awadallah & F.F. Shalaby, 1976. The biology of Hypolixus nubilosus Boh., an insect infesting the weed Amaranthus caudatus L. in Egypt (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Society of Egypt, 60: 65-74.
  • Tisler A.M., 1990. Feeding in the pigweed flea beetle. Disonycha glabrata Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus. Virginia Journal of Science, 41: 243-5.
  • Turhan G., 2017. Amaranthus palmeri’nin mücadelesinde kullanılabilecek herbisitlerin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Aydın, 51s.
  • Uygun N., N.K. Koç, F.N. Uygur, İ. Karaca, S. Uygur & M. Küsek, 1994. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi çayır-meralarındaki yabancı ot türleri ve doğal düşmanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye 3. Biyolojik Mücadele Kong. Bildirileri, 25-28 Ocak, İzmir, 321-330.
  • Uygur F.N., 2002. Yabancı otlar ve biyolojik mücadele. Türkiye 5. Biyolojik Mücadele Kong. Bildirileri, 4-7 Eylül, Erzurum, 49-60.
  • Uygur S., Ö. Tetik & A.D. Koca, 2021. Türkiye Iiçin yeni bir yabancı ot türü: Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl.(Horozibiğigiller/Amaranthaceae Juss.). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 8(2): 7-11.
  • Vencill V.K., 2002. Herbicide Handbook 8th Edition. Weed Science Society of America, p.493.
  • Vogt G.B. & H.A. Cordo, 1976. Recent South American field studies of prospective biocontrol agents of weeds. In proceedings of the Res. Planning Conference on Aquatic Plant Control Program, Charleston, 36-55.
  • Waterhouse D.F., 1994. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asian Prospects. ACIAR Monograph No. 26. Australian Centre for International Agri cultural Research. Canberra, Australia.
  • Ward S.M., T.M. Webster & L.E. Steckel, 2013. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): a review. Weed Technology, 27(1):12-27.
  • Weaver S.E. & E.L. McWilliams, 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. 44. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Wats. and A. hybridus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 60(4):1215-1234.
  • Winston R., C.B. Randall, B. Blossey, P.W. Tipping, E.C. Lake & J. Hough-Goldstein, 2017. Field guide for the biological control of weeds in eastern North America. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team.

The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 118 - 127, 09.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1125554

Abstract

Amaranthus species (Family) are among the most important weeds in summer crops and orchards in Turkey. The detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment and human health and the development of high levels of resistance to several herbicide classes by Amaranthus species have generate interest in alternative weed control methods. Since the biological control of weeds has gained great prominence recently, this study was carried out to determine the potential biological control agents of Amaranthus spp. in Adana Province. Turkey. For this aim, ten randomly selected fields randomly were in three districts (Yüreğir-Ceyhan-İmamoğlu). In each field, ten Amaranthus plants were collected randomly and dissected, and the numbers of the weevils and theirdifferent stages were recorded. In this study, three Amaranthus species were identified and A. palmeri was the most common, followed by A. retroflexus and A. spinosus. Fifty-nine larvae, 26 pupae and 10 adults were collected from the Amaranthus plants. All adult individuals were identified as H. pica according to their genital organs. Our results show that H. pica could be considered to be a potential biological control agent of A. palmeri and A. retroflexus. More detailed studies are needed to determine its ecology and role as a biological control agent of the target weed species. In addition, it is crucial to develop mass rearing methods for potential beneficial insects such as H. pica.

References

  • Akbaş B. & Ü. Asav, 2015. Ülkemizde istilacı türlere genel bir bakış. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 18: 3-4.
  • Alonso-Zarazaga M.A. & C.H. Lyal, 2002. Addenda and corrigenda to ‘A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)’. Zootaxa, 63(1), 1-37.
  • Balsbaugh E.U., R.D. Jr Frye, C.G. Scholl & A.W. Anderson, 1981. Insects for weed control: status in North Dakota. North Dakota Farm Research, 39:3-7.
  • Barralis G. & J. Gasquez, 1987. Investigations on herbicide resistant weeds. Newsletter of the European Weed Research Society, 38: 5-10.
  • Bürki H.M., 1997. Investigations on the Feasibility of Biological Control of Pigweeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Wats. and A. bouchonii Thell.) with Phytophagous Insects, Fungal Pathogens and Crop Management. University of Bern, PhD Thesis, Switzerland.
  • Bürki H.M., D. Schroeder, J. Lawrie, L. Cagán, M. Vráblová, M. El Aydam, F. Szentkirályi, R. Ghorbani, B. Jüttersonke & H.U. Ammon, 1997. Biological control of pigweeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. bouchonii Thell.) using phytophagous insects, fungal pathogens and crop management. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 2: 51–59.
  • El-Aydam M. & H.M. Bürki, 1997. Biological control of noxious pigweeds in Europe: a literature review of the insect species associated with Amaranthus spp. worldwide. Biocontrol News and Information, 18(1).
  • Eren Ö, M.N. Doğan, Ö. Boz, S. Türkseven, Özcan, R. 2016. Amaranthus palmeri L. [In: Raab-Straube, E. von & T. Raus, (Editors), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 6], Willdenowia. 423-424, 437-441.
  • Gossett B.J., E.C. Murdock & J.E. Toler, 1992. Resistance of palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to the dinitroaniline herbicides. Weed Technology, 6(3): 587-591.
  • Gönen O. & F.N. Uygur, 2000. A new record for the flora of Turkey Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 24: 359–360.
  • Gültekin L. & B.A. Korotyaev, 2012. New Data on Cosmobaris discolor (Boheman) and Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Amaranthus (L.) (Amaranthaceae). Coleopterists Bulletin, 66(3): 226-232.
  • Hamenway R. & W.H. Whitcomb, 1968. The Life History of Disonycha glabrata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41: 174-178.
  • Haseeb M., C.W. O’Brien, R.W. Flowers & M.T.K.M. Kairo, 2006. Identification tool for weevil biological control agents of aquatic and terrestrial weeds in the United States and Canada. Lucid Key (Ver. 3.3), December, 2006.
  • Hierro J.L., Ö. Eren, M.N. Chiuffo & D. Villarreal, 2013. Non-native conditions favor non-native populations of invasive plant: demographic consequences of seed size variation? Oikos, 122: 583-590.
  • Horak M. J. & D. E. Peterson, 1995. Biotypes of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp are resistant to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. Weed Technology, 9: 192-195.
  • Jones G.D. & K.C. Allen, 2012. Using Amaranthus palmeri pollen to mark captured tarnished plant bugs. Palynology, 36(2: 153-161.
  • Kolaib, M.O., M.W.F. Younes & E.T.E. Darwish, 1986. Hypolixus nubilosus as a factor in biological control of Amaranthus weeds in Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science (Cairo), 31: 767-776.
  • Napompeth, B. 1982. Biological research and development in Thailand. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant Protection Tropics, pp. 301–303.
  • Norsworthy J.K., G.M. Griffith, R.C. Scott, K.L. Smith & L.R. Oliver, 2008. Confirmation and control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Arkansas. Weed Technology, 22: 108-113.
  • Önen H., 2015. Türkiye istilacı bitkiler kataloğu. T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. Ankara, p:1-10.
  • Pourtaherzarei, R.A, P. Shishebor & R. Eslamizadeh, 2010. A study of the biology of Amaranthus stem boring weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) on red root pig weed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. in Dezful. Iran Journal of Plant Protection Science, 41: 225-232 (in Persian with English abstract).
  • Rajeshkanna, S., N. Sivaraga & G. Mikunthan, 2017. Biology and Management of Amaranthus Stem Borer (Hypolixus Truncatulus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, 19: 258-266.
  • Schroeder D., H.M. Schaerer & C.S.A. Stinson, 1993. A European weed survey in 10 major crop systems to identify targets for biological control. Weed Research, 33: 449-58.
  • Snodgrass G.L., W.P. Scott & J.W. Smith, 1984. Host plants and seasonal distribution of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Environmental Entomology, 13: 110-116.
  • Steckel L. E., 2007. The dioecious Amaranthus spp.: here to stay. Weed Technology, 21: 567-570.
  • Tawfik M.F.S, K. Awadallah & F.F. Shalaby, 1976. The biology of Hypolixus nubilosus Boh., an insect infesting the weed Amaranthus caudatus L. in Egypt (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Society of Egypt, 60: 65-74.
  • Tisler A.M., 1990. Feeding in the pigweed flea beetle. Disonycha glabrata Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Amaranthus retroflexus. Virginia Journal of Science, 41: 243-5.
  • Turhan G., 2017. Amaranthus palmeri’nin mücadelesinde kullanılabilecek herbisitlerin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Aydın, 51s.
  • Uygun N., N.K. Koç, F.N. Uygur, İ. Karaca, S. Uygur & M. Küsek, 1994. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi çayır-meralarındaki yabancı ot türleri ve doğal düşmanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye 3. Biyolojik Mücadele Kong. Bildirileri, 25-28 Ocak, İzmir, 321-330.
  • Uygur F.N., 2002. Yabancı otlar ve biyolojik mücadele. Türkiye 5. Biyolojik Mücadele Kong. Bildirileri, 4-7 Eylül, Erzurum, 49-60.
  • Uygur S., Ö. Tetik & A.D. Koca, 2021. Türkiye Iiçin yeni bir yabancı ot türü: Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl.(Horozibiğigiller/Amaranthaceae Juss.). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 8(2): 7-11.
  • Vencill V.K., 2002. Herbicide Handbook 8th Edition. Weed Science Society of America, p.493.
  • Vogt G.B. & H.A. Cordo, 1976. Recent South American field studies of prospective biocontrol agents of weeds. In proceedings of the Res. Planning Conference on Aquatic Plant Control Program, Charleston, 36-55.
  • Waterhouse D.F., 1994. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asian Prospects. ACIAR Monograph No. 26. Australian Centre for International Agri cultural Research. Canberra, Australia.
  • Ward S.M., T.M. Webster & L.E. Steckel, 2013. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): a review. Weed Technology, 27(1):12-27.
  • Weaver S.E. & E.L. McWilliams, 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. 44. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Wats. and A. hybridus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 60(4):1215-1234.
  • Winston R., C.B. Randall, B. Blossey, P.W. Tipping, E.C. Lake & J. Hough-Goldstein, 2017. Field guide for the biological control of weeds in eastern North America. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serkan Pehlivan 0000-0002-9444-7457

Mahmut Erbey 0000-0003-0917-8684

Ekrem Atakan 0000-0001-7352-4815

Early Pub Date December 13, 2022
Publication Date December 9, 2022
Submission Date June 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pehlivan, S., Erbey, M., & Atakan, E. (2022). The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 13(2), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1125554
AMA Pehlivan S, Erbey M, Atakan E. The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. December 2022;13(2):118-127. doi:10.31019/tbmd.1125554
Chicago Pehlivan, Serkan, Mahmut Erbey, and Ekrem Atakan. “The Weevil, Hypolixus Pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) As a Potential Biological Control Agent of Amaranthus Species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 13, no. 2 (December 2022): 118-27. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1125554.
EndNote Pehlivan S, Erbey M, Atakan E (December 1, 2022) The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 13 2 118–127.
IEEE S. Pehlivan, M. Erbey, and E. Atakan, “The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey”, Türk. biyo. müc. derg, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 118–127, 2022, doi: 10.31019/tbmd.1125554.
ISNAD Pehlivan, Serkan et al. “The Weevil, Hypolixus Pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) As a Potential Biological Control Agent of Amaranthus Species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 13/2 (December 2022), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1125554.
JAMA Pehlivan S, Erbey M, Atakan E. The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. 2022;13:118–127.
MLA Pehlivan, Serkan et al. “The Weevil, Hypolixus Pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) As a Potential Biological Control Agent of Amaranthus Species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, 2022, pp. 118-27, doi:10.31019/tbmd.1125554.
Vancouver Pehlivan S, Erbey M, Atakan E. The weevil, Hypolixus pica (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent of Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) in Adana Province, Turkey. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. 2022;13(2):118-27.